Latin Publius Licinius Valerianus died AD 260 Roman emperor (253-260). He served as consul under Severus Alexander (r. 222-235). Later a commander on the upper Rhine, he supported the emperor Gallus (r. 251-253) in the conflict with a rival emperor but arrived with his legions too late to save Gallus from death at the hands of his own troops. Elected emperor by his soldiers (253), Valerian renewed the persecution of the Christians and executed Pope Sixtus II in 258. After appointing his son Publius Licinius Gallienus to rule the western part of the empire, he marched east to repel the Persian invasion. At first successful, he was later defeated by the Persian king Shapur I and died in captivity. Any of the more than 400 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in about 10 genera that make up the family Valerianaceae. A few are outstanding as ornamentals, salad or potherbs, or as sources of medicines and perfumes. Greek valerian is Jacob's ladder (Polemonium caeruleum), in the family Polemoniaceae. The true valerians (native to the temperate zones, the Andes Mtns., and Africa) have tubular flowers, often spurred at the base and clustered in tight heads. The largest genus, Valeriana, contains about 200 species and is best known for common valerian (V. officinalis), used by modern herbalists to calm the nerves
or Valirian Husband of St Cecilia Cecilia told him she was beloved by an angel who frequently visited her, and Valerian requested he might be allowed, to see this constant visitant Cecilia told him he should do so provided he went to Pope Urban and got baptised On returning home, he saw the angel in his wife's chamber, who gave to Cecilia a crown of roses, and to himself a crown of lilies, both of which he brought from Paradise The angel then asked Valerian what would please him best, and he answered that his brother might be brought to saving faith by God's grace The angel approved of the petition, and said both should be holy martyrs Valerian being brought before Almachius, the prefect, was commanded to worship the image of Jupiter, and, refusing to do so, was led forth to execution (Chaucer: Secounds Nonnes Tale ) (See Cecilia )
A Mediterranean perennial plant (Centranthus ruber) having glabrous ovate leaves and fragrant crimson to pale red flowers borne in dense terminal clusters