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born Sept. 9, 1711, Boston, Mass. died June 3, 1780, London, Eng. American colonial administrator. The son of a wealthy Boston merchant, he pursued business ventures before serving in local and provincial legislatures (1737-49) and as a delegate to the Albany Congress. He served as lieutenant governor (1758-71) and as chief justice of the state Superior Court (1760-69). As governor (1771-74), he strictly enforced British rule. After he was accused of initiating the hated Stamp Act, a mob attacked his home, and he barely escaped with his life. His insistence that a shipment of tea be landed in Boston led to the Boston Tea Party. He was replaced as governor by Gen. Thomas Gage