The branch of physics concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances
that branch of physics and astronomy dealing with the color or wavelength composition of composite or white light
Branch of analysis devoted to identifying elements and compounds and elucidating atomic and molecular structure by measuring the radiant energy absorbed or emitted by a substance at characteristic wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum (including gamma ray, X ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, and radio-frequency radiation) on excitation by an external energy source. The instruments used are spectroscopes (for direct visual observation) or spectrographs (for recording spectra). Experiments involve a light source, a prism or grating to form the spectrum, detectors (visual, photoelectric, radiometric, or photographic) for observing or recording its details, devices for measuring wavelengths and intensities, and interpretation of the measured quantities to identify chemicals or give clues to the structure of atoms and molecules. Helium, cesium, and rubidium were discovered in the mid-19th century by spectroscopy of the Sun's spectrum. Specialized techniques include Raman spectroscopy (see Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), dynamic reflectance spectroscopy, microwave and gamma ray spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance (ESR). Spectroscopy now also includes the study of particles (e.g., electrons, ions) that have been sorted or otherwise differentiated into a spectrum as a function of some property (such as energy or mass). See also mass spectrometry; spectrometer; spectrophotometry
The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation (light) and matter
The study of light from stars or planets A spectrum of light is produced by magnifying light from objects with a telescope, and separating it into colours with a prism or diffraction grating The spectrum can reveal the chemical composition of the star, or constituents of a planet's atmosphere More
In the context of astronomy, spectroscopy is the study of light that comes from stars By examining the light, information about the star, such as the elements it is composed of, can be determined See also: star
The production and investigation of spectra; the use of the spectroscope; also, the science of spectroscopic phenomena
The technique of observing the spectra of visible light from an object to determine its composition, temperature, density, and speed
The study of spectral lines (light given off at a specific frequency by an atom or molecule) from different atoms or molecules that can indicate the chemical composition of stars, gas, or dust
An analytical technique that exploits fine differences in the frequency of nuclear magnetic resonance in protons (and 13C atoms, etc.) within organic compounds that depends on their neighbouring atoms
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) is an analytical tool predominantly used for chemical characterization. Being a type of spectroscopy, it relies on the investigation of a sample through interactions between light and matter, analyzing X-rays in its particular case. Its characterization capabilities are due in large part to the fundamental principle that each element of the periodic table has a unique electronic structure and, thus, a unique response to electromagnetic waves