Formally known as "explicit decoding instruction," a philosophy of reading instruction based on the theory that children must be taught to recognize the sounds that letters and letter combinations make in order to learn to read, as well as a specific set of basic skills
is a way of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound relationships
The study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent; also used to describe reading instruction that teaches sound-symbol correspondences, such as "the phonics approach" or "phonic reading " Phonics instruction can vary with respect to the explicitness by which the phonic elements are taught and practiced in the reading of text Synthetic and systematic phonics instruction includes the planned isolation, pronunciation, and blending of individual speech sounds (phonemes) represented by letters and letter groups (graphemes), and usually provides opportunities for children to practice using known sound-symbol associations while reading decodable text Conversely, embedded and incidental phonics are characterized by an implicit approach in which teachers do use phonics elements in a planned sequence to guide instruction but instead find opportunities to highlight particular phonics elements when they appear in text
A way of teaching reading and spelling that stresses letter-sound relationships, used especially in beginning instruction
the phonological structure of oral language and its representation in written language
a method of teaching people to read in which they are taught to recognize the sounds that letters represent. Method of reading instruction that breaks language down into its simplest components. Children learn the sounds of individual letters first, then the sounds of letters in combination and in simple words. Simple reading exercises with a controlled vocabulary reinforce the process. Phonics-based instruction was challenged by proponents of "whole-language" instruction, a process in which children are introduced to whole words at a time, are taught using real literature rather than reading exercises, and are encouraged to keep journals in which "creative" spelling is permitted. A strong backlash against whole-language teaching polarized these two approaches to reading instruction. Many schools have since come to use a combination of the two techniques
Instruction in how the sounds of speech are represented by letters and spellings The media has used this term to refer more broadly to approaches that include explicit instruction in the component skills in reading, which is in contrast to approaches that emphasize reading for meaning and de-emphasize teaching the explicit skills Instruction in phonics is actually only one part, albeit a key component, of a balanced approach to teaching reading (Hall & Moats, 1999)
Phonics is a form of instruction to cultivate the understanding and use of the alphabetic principle, that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (the sounds in spoken language) and graphemes, the letters that represent those sounds in written language and that this information can be used to read or decode words
The relationship between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language Top
A method of teaching reading that begins by having students learn the sounds of letters or groups of letters and building words from them
{i} system of teaching reading using the phonetic sound value of grouped letters; phonetics
The systematic way that specific letters or graphemes are used to represent the different phonemes in spoken words
teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters with their sound values
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