American actor known for his portrayals of incorruptible and modest heroes in motion pictures such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) and It's a Wonderful Life (1946). He won an Academy Award for The Philadelphia Story (1940). American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1958-1981). Allen Stewart Konigsberg Bluford Guion Stewart Jr. Castlereagh Robert Stewart Viscount Chamberlain Houston Stewart Darnley Henry Stewart Lord Halsted William Stewart Parnell Charles Stewart Paton Alan Stewart Pinchback Pinckney Benton Stewart John Stewart earl of Carrick Stewart Ellen Stewart James Maitland Stewart John Innes Mackintosh Stewart Potter
A Scottish surname; variants Stuart (Scots), Steward (English); patronyms Stewartson, Stewardson
A volcanic island of southern New Zealand off the southern coast of South Island. It was discovered in 1808 by the British, who bought it from the Maoris in 1864
born Jan. 11, 1903, Pietermaritzburg, Natal, S.Af. died April 12, 1988, near Durban South African writer and political activist. While principal of a reformatory housing black youths, Paton introduced controversial progressive reforms and wrote his best-known work, the novel Cry, the Beloved Country (1948), focusing international attention on the issue of apartheid. To offer a nonracial alternative to apartheid, he helped found the Liberal Party of South Africa in 1953 and led the organization until it was banned in 1968. His other works include the novel Too Late the Phalarope (1953) and the biographies Hofmeyr (1964) and Apartheid and the Archbishop (1973)
an Irish politician who was a member of the British Parliament. He was a leading supporter of the idea of Home Rule (=self-government) for Ireland (1846-91). born June 27, 1846, Avondale, County Wicklow, Ire. died Oct. 6, 1891, Brighton, Sussex, Eng. Irish nationalist leader. After an education at the University of Cambridge, he returned to Ireland and served in the British Parliament (1875-91), introducing obstructionist legislative tactics to call attention to Ireland's needs. In 1877 he became president of the Home Rule Confederation. He was jailed for making violent speeches against the new land act (1881-82), then released to curb an increase in terrorist acts. Reaction against the Phoenix Park murders enabled him to unite factions in Ireland to win support for parliamentary measures, such as William E. Gladstone's Home Rule proposals. He remained popular in Ireland until he was named in the divorce suit of his mistress, Katherine O'Shea (1890)
{i} C.S. Rolls, Charles Rolls (1877-1910) English who was the cofounder of the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing company (together with Frederick Henry Royce)
born 1920, Alexandria, La., U.S. U.S. theatre director. In the 1950s she moved to New York City to become a fashion designer. In 1961 she founded Café La Mama, an experimental theatre specializing in total integration of music, dance, and drama. There she gave a start to many young actors and playwrights, including Bette Midler and Sam Shepard. Stewart became known as the mother of Off-Off-Broadway theatre. A European tour in 1965 made La Mama a mecca for European avant-garde directors. Its frequently distinguished productions have made La Mama a venerated institution and have won more than 50 Obie Awards
born Nov. 22, 1942, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. astronaut. He flew 144 combat missions in the Vietnam War; on his return, he received a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology. He joined NASA's astronaut program in 1978 and flew on numerous space-shuttle missions; his first was Challenger's third flight (1983), the first to be launched and land at night. He was the first African American to fly in space
born Dec. 7, 1545, Temple Newsom, Yorkshire, Eng. died Feb. 9/10, 1567, Edinburgh, Scot. English nobleman, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of James I. Son of Matthew Stewart, earl of Lennox (1516-71), a pretender to the Scottish throne, Henry wed his cousin Mary in 1565 despite the opposition of Elizabeth I and Scottish Protestants. It became evident, even to Mary, that superficial charm was his only positive attribute. After he played a role in the murder of Mary's secretary, David Riccio, he was himself murdered at age 21 at the instigation of James Hepburn, earl of Bothwell (1535-78), whom Mary soon married
born Sept. 9, 1855, Southsea, Hampshire, Eng. died Jan. 9, 1927, Bayreuth, Ger. British-born Germanophile writer. An admirer of Richard Wagner, he wrote a biography of the composer and several books on his works (1892-95) and later married Wagner's daughter. In his Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (2 vol., 1899), he presented a broad but biased analysis of European culture and proclaimed the racial and cultural superiority of the so-called Aryan element in European culture. His theories, which owed much to the writings of Joseph Arthur, count de Gobineau, influenced German nationalist thought, particularly Adolf Hitler's National Socialist movement
born May 20, 1908, Indiana, Pa., U.S. died July 2, 1997, Beverly Hills, Calif. U.S. film actor. He made his film debut in 1935, but at first, Stewart's slow, halting line delivery (perhaps his most readily identifiable trademark) and angular features made him difficult to cast. His engaging manner, however, led to quick acceptance by the movie-going public, and he played endearingly simple and idealistic characters in Frank Capra's You Can't Take It with You (1938) and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939). He won an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in The Philadelphia Story (1940). After serving as a bomber pilot in World War II, he starred in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), which became a Christmas classic. He was known for his portrayals of diffident but morally resolute characters. His many movies include Destry Rides Again (1939), The Glenn Miller Story (1954), The Man from Laramie (1955), Anatomy of a Murder (1959), and Alfred Hitchcock's Rope (1948), Rear Window (1954), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1955), and Vertigo (1958)
a very popular US film actor, who had a soft, slow way of speaking and was known for often playing very ordinary, honest characters. His many films include Mr Smith goes to Washington (1939) and It's a Wonderful Life (1946), and he also acted in several films by the director Alfred Hitchcock, including Rear Window (1908-97). born May 20, 1908, Indiana, Pa., U.S. died July 2, 1997, Beverly Hills, Calif. U.S. film actor. He made his film debut in 1935, but at first, Stewart's slow, halting line delivery (perhaps his most readily identifiable trademark) and angular features made him difficult to cast. His engaging manner, however, led to quick acceptance by the movie-going public, and he played endearingly simple and idealistic characters in Frank Capra's You Can't Take It with You (1938) and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939). He won an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in The Philadelphia Story (1940). After serving as a bomber pilot in World War II, he starred in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), which became a Christmas classic. He was known for his portrayals of diffident but morally resolute characters. His many movies include Destry Rides Again (1939), The Glenn Miller Story (1954), The Man from Laramie (1955), Anatomy of a Murder (1959), and Alfred Hitchcock's Rope (1948), Rear Window (1954), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1955), and Vertigo (1958)
born Sept. 30, 1906, Edinburgh, Scot. died Nov. 12, 1994, Coulsdon, Surrey, Eng. Scottish-born English novelist, literary critic, and educator. Stewart began writing while working as a college professor. In his mystery novels, he created the character of Inspector John Appleby, a British detective known for his suave humour and literary finesse. Among the best of these mysteries, all published under the pseudonym of Michael Innes, are Lament for a Maker (1938), The Journeying Boy (1949), and An Awkward Lie (1971). Stewart wrote other works of fiction under his own name, as well as several works of literary criticism. His autobiography, Myself and Michael Innes, was published in 1987
born May 10, 1837, Macon, Ga., U.S. died Dec. 21, 1921, Washington, D.C. U.S. politician. Born to a former slave and a white planter, he became a steward on river steamboats. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, he reached Union-held New Orleans, where he raised and led a company of black Union volunteers called the Corps d'Afrique (1862-63). After the war he was elected to the Louisiana senate (1868) and served as lieutenant governor (1871). Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1872) and Senate (1873), he was denied his seat in each body on unproved charges of election fraud. He subsequently became a lawyer and moved to Washington, D.C
born Jan. 23, 1915, Jackson, Mich., U.S. died Dec. 7, 1985, Hanover, N.H. U.S. jurist. He studied law at Yale University and was admitted to the bar in New York and Ohio in 1941. After settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, he served on the city council and as vice mayor before his appointment to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1954. In 1958 Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him to the Supreme Court of the United States, where he served until 1981. A moderate, he wrote the majority opinion in the Shelton v. Tucker case, which held unconstitutional the requirement that teachers list all the associations to which they belong, and also wrote a memorable dissent in Miranda v. Arizona, in which he argued that the court's decision provided too much protection to defendants and undermined the ability of the police to enforce the law. He is perhaps best remembered for summarizing the difficulty in defining obscenity, writing in a concurring opinion that "I know it when I see it
born June 18, 1769, Dublin, Ire. died Aug. 12, 1822, London, Eng. British politician. He was elected to the Irish Parliament in 1790 and later served in the British Parliament (1794-1805, 1806-22). As chief secretary for Ireland (1798-1801), Castlereagh singlehandedly forced the Act of Union through the Irish Parliament in 1800. He served as Britain's secretary for war (1805-06, 1807-09) and as secretary for foreign affairs and leader of the House of Commons (1812-22). Considered one of the most distinguished foreign secretaries in British history, he played a leading role in bringing together the Grand Alliance that overthrew Napoleon and in deciding the form of the peace settlements at the Congress of Vienna. Beset with paranoia and believing that he was being blackmailed, he eventually committed suicide
(b. Sept. 23, 1852, New York, N.Y., U.S. d. Sept. 7, 1922, Baltimore, Md.) U.S. pioneer of scientific surgery. He graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1877. In 1881 he discovered that blood could be aerated and reinfused. He developed conduction anesthesia (1885) by experimenting with injecting his own nerve trunks with cocaine, a substance to which he subsequently became addicted (though later cured). At Johns Hopkins University he established the first surgical school in the U.S. An early champion of aseptic procedures, Halsted introduced the use of thin rubber gloves in surgery (1890). He emphasized homeostasis during surgery, gentleness in handling living tissue, and precise realignment of severed tissues. He originated the practice of hospital surgical residencies
orig. John Stewart, earl of Carrick born 1337 died April 4, 1406, Rothesay, Bute, Scot. King of Scotland (1390-1406). After having ruled in the name of his father, Robert II, from 1384 to 1388, he assumed the throne in his own right on his father's death. Physically disabled by a kick from a horse in 1388, he was never the real ruler of Scotland. His brother Robert, earl of Fife, later duke of Albany, governed during Robert II's last years and continued to govern throughout Robert III's reign, except for three years when Robert III's eldest son, David, duke of Rothesay, took his place. Robert III's other son became James I