nitrogen

Определение nitrogen в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: Molecular nitrogen (N2), a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature; A specific nitrogen within a chemical formula, or a specific isotope of nitrogen
The two nitrogens are located next to one another on the ring.; A chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067; Primary plant macronutrient and a major component of proteins and nucleic acids Inert atmospheric dinitrogen gas must be converted to soluble forms in the soil A major way it is converted is through the action of nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotically associated with the roots of leguminous plants Common soluble soil forms are the ammonium monovalent cation and the nitrate monovalent anion; A colorless, odorless gas used in a variety of fabrication processes - etching, deposition and anneal; A nutrient present in ammonia, nitrate or nitrite or elemental form in water due possibly to nonpoint source pollution or improperly operating wastewater treatment plants; Nitrogen is a gaseous element that occurs in air (78% of air volume) It is an essential component of proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms; Nitrogen is a colourless element that has no smell and is usually found as a gas. It forms about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, and is found in all living things. a gas that has no colour or smell, and that forms most of the Earth's air. It is a chemical element : symbol N (nitrogène, from nitre ( NITIC ACID) + -gène ). Gaseous chemical element, chemical symbol N, atomic number; One of the major nutrients required for the growth of aquatic plants, usually present in water as organic nitrogen or as inorganic ammonia and nitrate High concentrations of nitrogen can cause overabundant aquatic plant and algal growth; It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable; One of the essential elements of plant nutrition, identified by the chemical symbol N It promotes above-ground growth, particularly in green tissue in stems and leaves; An element essential to the growth and development of plants; occurs in manure and chemical fertilizer and, in excess, can cause waters to become polluted by promoting excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants; One of the elements essential for the growth of organisms Nitrogen is most abundant in the form of N2 and comprises 80% of atmospheric constituents; vital to plants for foliage color and density and for root growth This is the primary nutrient that needs to be replaced; A gaseous element, atomic number 7, relative atomic mass 14 0067, symbol N It is the principal constituent of air (78% by volume); The 14th of the 107 elements Nitrogen is important for plant growth and is found in many commercial fertilizers It also is found in the environment in different forms (sometimes as a gas, sometimes as a compound with Oxygen or Hydrogen), from both natural and man-made sources Because of this, it is often washed through a watershed into a stream or river If there is too much Nitrogen in the water, it is a pollutant; in the form of ammonia, nitrate and urea; A gas that causes algae to bloom and disables chlorine It is brought into the water each time it rains Maintaining proper chlorine levels will prevent nitrogen from becoming a problem Superchlorination will remove nitrogen and its related compounds; Gas Chemical symbol N Atomic weight - 14 0 Dissolved nitrogen gas is the primary cause of supersaturation as it is the gas in most abundance in the water In stabilised waters the percentages of dissolved gas in the water are the same as those in air Nitrogen forms a significant part of the waste from fish farms This is primarily in the form of ammonia and nitrate The amount of nitrogen added to a fish farming system can be calculated from the protein level of the feed Boiling point -195 8oC, melting point -209 9oC 1 m3 nitrogen gas = 1 2506kg For every gram of protein added to the system, 6 25g of nitrogen will be produced in one form or another This includes the fishes body tissues that contain nitrogen locked up in compounds in the cells As a rule of thumb, approximately 90% of the fishes nitrogen excretion is in the form of ammonia; Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our atmosphere It is a vital element that is essential to living ecosystems Nitrogen is a primary nutrient for all green plants; An element occurring in manure and chemical fertilizer that is essential to the growth and development of plants, but which, in excess, can cause water to become polluted and threaten aquatic animals; One of the nine macronutrients Nitrogen is a major component of plants; it is a building block of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids (genetic material), chlorophyll, and enzymes Though nitrogen is in air, it is only available to plants once it has been fixed by soil microorganisms Nitrogen deficiency is not uncommon; it is readily apparent as chlorosis and stunted growth Deficiencies can be remedied by adding manure, compost, urea, seed meal, or blood meal Leguminous cover crops will also supply nitrogen; Symbol N; It forms several oxides including nitrous oxide (N2O; laughing gas), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other forms (such as N2O3 and N2O5). Some of the nitrogen oxides, often referred to generically as NOx, are notorious as contributors to urban air pollution. Other compounds include the nitrides, exceptionally hard materials made from nitrogen and a metal; cyanides; azides, used in detonators and percussion caps; and thousands of organic compounds containing nitrogen in functional groups or in a linear or ring structure (see heterocyclic compound). See also nitrogen cycle. nitrogen cycle nitrogen fixation nitrogen narcosis nitrogen euphoria; a plant nutrient that can cause an overabundance of bacteria and algae when high amounts are present, leading to a depletion of oxygen and fish kills Several forms occur in water, including ammonia, nitrate, nitrite or elemental nitrogen High levels of nitrogen in water are usually caused by agricultural runoff or improperly operating wastewater treatment plants; An inert gas that is the largest single component of the atmosphere (approximately 78%) Used in athletic shoe cushioning systems by Nike and Ryka; A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas that is the most abundant constituent of dry air It comprises 78 09%; A colourless, odourless, tasteless gas, it makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter. As the nearly unreactive diatomic molecule N2, it is useful as an inert atmosphere or to dilute other gases. Nitrogen is commercially produced by distillation of liquefied air. Nitrogen fixation, achieved naturally by soil microbes and industrially by the Haber-Bosch process, converts it to water-soluble compounds (including ammonia and nitrates). Industrially, ammonia is the starting material for most other nitrogen compounds (especially nitrates and nitrites), whose main uses are in agricultural fertilizers and explosives. In compounds, nitrogen usually has valence 3 or; a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues; It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva; Atomic weight 14; An element found in the air and in all plant and animal tissues For many crops, nitrogen fertilizer is essential for economic yields However, nitrogen can also be a pollutant when nitrogen compounds are mobilized in the environment (e g , leach from fertilized or manured fields), are discharged from septic tanks or feedlots, volatilize to the air, or are emitted from combustion engines As pollutants, nitrogen compounds can have adverse health effects (see nitrate and air pollution) and contribute to degradation of waters (see eutrophication); Molecular nitrogen (N{2}), a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature; An element that when combined with chlorine forms chloramines Common in rainwater, cosmetics, oils, perspiration, and urine; A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume; A nutrient present in ammonia, nitrate or nitrite, or elemental form in water due possibly to non-point source pollution or improperly operating wastewater treatment plants; Nitrogen is a gas that forms approximately 79% by volume or 77% by weight of the atmosphere It can combine with many metals to form nitrides and is thus applied to the case-hardening of steel, the usual source for this purpose being ammonia; A primary chemical element which is a part of all plant and animal tissues It can promote algal blooms that cause eutrophication if it runs off or leaches out of the surface soil; {i} colorless odorless gas, dominant element in the atmosphere, non-metallic element used in the production of fertilizers and explosives (Chemistry); azote
nitrogen cycle: The natural circulation of nitrogen, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides by lightning and deposited in the soil by rain where it is assimilated by plants and either eaten by animals (and returned as faeces) or decomposed back to elemental nitrogen by bacteria
nitrogen dioxide: the binary compound NO2, a brownish gas that is a poisonous air pollutant; it exists in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide
nitrogen fixation: the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants
nitrogen fixer: a plant or other organism which accomplishes nitrogen fixation
nitrogen inversion: The rapid inversion of the lone pair in a molecule such as a tertiary amine which prevents it from being chiral
nitrogen monoxide: nitric oxide
nitrogen mustard: any of a series of compounds, analagous to mustard gas with sulfur replaced by nitrogen, that have been used in the treatment of cancer
nitrogen narcosis: A condition of disorientation, intoxication and stupor caused by increased levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; occurs in divers breathing air under pressure; the "rapture of the deep"
nitrogen oxide: Any oxide of nitrogen
nitrogen pentoxide: dinitrogen pentoxide
nitrogen tetroxide: dinitrogen tetroxide
nitrogen tribromide: the binary compound of nitrogen and bromine, NBr3; a dark red explosive liquid
nitrogen trichloride: the binary compound of nitrogen and chlorine, NCl3; an unstable explosive liquid
nitrogen trifluoride: The binary compound of nitrogen and fluorine, NF3; a corrosive gas
nitrogen triiodide: The binary compound of nitrogen and iodine, NI3; a dark red explosive solid
nitrogen-13: A radioactive isotope of nitrogen, 137N, having seven protons and six neutrons, and a half-life of less than ten minutes; it is used in positron emission tomography
nitrogen-14: The major stable isotope of nitrogen, 147N, having seven protons and seven neutrons; it accounts for well over 99% of the natural element
nitrogen-15: A minor stable isotope of nitrogen, 157N, having seven protons and eight neutrons; it accounts for less than 0.4% of the natural element; it is used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
nitrogen-fixing: Describing something, normally a plant or microbe, able to convert inorganic nitrogen into a form usable in the biosphere
Legumes are nitrogen-fixing plants, growing them actually adds nitrogen to the soil rather than using it up.
nitrogen balance: The difference between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body or the soil and the amount excreted or lost
nitrogen balance: the balance between the amount of nitrogen taken in (to the soil or the body) and the amount given off (lost or excreted)
nitrogen base: A basic compound that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine
nitrogen chloride: chemical compound
nitrogen cycle: the circulation of nitrogen; nitrates from the soil are absorbed by plants which are eaten by animals that die and decay returning the nitrogen back to the soil
nitrogen cycle: Circulation of nitrogen in various forms throughout nature. Nitrogen is essential to life, but in the atmosphere it is in a form (the diatomic molecule N2) unavailable to most organisms. Nitrogen fixation by microbes turns this nitrogen into nitrates and other compounds, which plants or algae assimilate into their tissues. Animals that eat plants in turn incorporate the compounds into their own tissues. Microbes decompose the remains and waste of all living things into ammonia (ammonification); the ammonia may leave the soil through vaporization into the air or leaching into water. Ammonia remaining in soil may be transformed by bacteria into nitrates (nitrification), which then can be reassimilated into living organisms, or into free nitrogen (denitrification), which reenters the atmosphere. Hence, once fixed from air, some nitrogen goes through the cycle repeatedly without returning to the gaseous state
nitrogen dioxide: a highly poisonous brown gas (NO2)
nitrogen dioxide: A poisonous brown gas, NO, often found in smog and automobile exhaust fumes and synthesized for use as a nitrating agent, a catalyst, and an oxidizing agent
nitrogen fixation: the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria
nitrogen fixation: Any natural or industrial process that causes free nitrogen in the air to combine chemically with other elements to form more reactive nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites. Soil microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of legumes) are responsible for more than 90% of all nitrogen fixation. Though nitrogen is part of all proteins and essential in both plant and animal metabolism, plants and animals cannot use elemental nitrogen such as the nitrogen gas (N2) that forms 80% of the atmosphere. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria invade the root hairs of host plants, where they multiply and stimulate the formation of root nodules, enlargements of plant cells and bacteria in close association. Within the nodules the bacteria convert free nitrogen to nitrates, which the host plant uses for its development. Nitrogen fixation by bacteria associated with legumes is of prime importance in agriculture. Before the use of synthetic fertilizers in the industrial countries, usable nitrogen was supplied as manure and by crop rotation that included a legume crop
nitrogen mustard: a toxic compound resembling mustard gas in structure; important in cancer treatment
nitrogen narcosis: confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure
nitrogen narcosis: A condition of confusion or stupor resulting from increased levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood, as that occurring in deep-sea divers breathing air under high pressure. or nitrogen euphoria or raptures of the deep Effects of breathing nitrogen under increased pressure. In divers breathing compressed air, nitrogen saturates the nervous system, causing an intoxicating light-headed, numb feeling, then slowed reasoning and dexterity, and then emotional instability and irrationality. Severe cases progress to convulsions and blackout. Susceptibility varies, and severity increases with depth, but there are no aftereffects. Physical function remains normal, and divers may be unaware of the growing irrationality that can cause them to rise too fast (see decompression sickness) or let their air supply run out. Helium, which dissolves less easily in body tissues, is substituted for nitrogen for deep dives
nitrogen oxide: any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts
nitrogen oxides: (NOX) are often mentioned in discussions of nitrogen-based air pollution as a reference to both nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) In addition to particulates and sulfur dioxide, NOX is one of the major electricity-related pollutants It can transform to nitrates in the atmosphere (which is a fine particulate)
nitrogen oxides: Gases formed in great part from atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen when combustion takes place under conditions of high temperature and pressure Nitrogen oxides include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
nitrogen oxides: Precursor emission that forms from high-temperature combustion processes Reacts with volatile organic compounds in the presence of heat and sunlight to form ozone
nitrogen oxides: A product of the combustion of fossil fuels for which production increases with the temperature of the combustion process Nitrogen Oxides can become an air pollutant if concentrations are excessive
nitrogen oxides: A product of combustion of fossil fuels whose production increases with the temperature of the process It can become an air pollutant if concentrations are excessive
nitrogen oxides: This is a general term for various compounds of nitrogen and oxygen NOx comes from combustion of gasoline diesel fuel, coal, and other substances NOx emitting sources include power plants, industries, trucks, and cars Nitrogen oxides are a necessary ingredient in ozone formation (See volatile organic compounds - VOCs)
nitrogen oxides: Gases consisting of one molecule of nitrogen and varying numbers of oxygen molecules Nitrogen oxides are produced in the emissions of vehicle exhausts and from power stations In the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides can contribute to formation of photochemical ozone (smog), can impair visibility, and have health consequences; they are thus considered pollutants
nitrogen oxides: - All oxides of nitrogen except nitrous oxide
nitrogen oxides: Gases consisting of one molecule of nitrogen and varying numbers of oxygen atoms Nitrogen oxides are produced in the emissions of vehicle exhausts and from power stations In the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides can contribute to the formation of photochemical ozone (smog), which is a greenhouse gas
nitrogen oxides: harmful gases (which contribute to acid rain and global warming) emitted as a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion
nitrogen oxides: A general term pertaining to compounds of nitric acid (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), and other oxides of nitrogen Nitrogen oxides are typically created during combustion processes, and are major contributors to smog formation and acid deposition NO 2 is a criteria air pollutant, and may result in numerous adverse health effects; it absorbs blue light, resulting in a brownish-red cast to the atmosphere and reduced visibility
nitrogen oxides: nitrogen and oxygen combine to form different varieties of this compound Each variety has a different number of oxygen atoms that have joined together with a nitrogen atom (The 'x' at the end of NOx can stand for 1, 2, 3 or more oxygen atoms That's why it's an 'x' and not a number ) When NOx is baked with VOCs in the hot summer sun, ground-level ozone is created (Back to Ozone Action! Days)
nitrogen oxides: emissions, from man-made and natural sources, of nitric oxide (NO), with minor amounts of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) NOx are formed whenever fuel is burned at high temperatures in air, from nitrogen in the air as well as in the fuel Motor vehicles and stationary combustion sources (furnaces and boilers) are the primary man-made sources, although automotive emission controls are reducing the automobile’s contribution Natural emissions of NOx arise from bacterial action in the soil NOx can react with hydrocarbons to produce smog See catalytic converter, emissions (automotive), hydrocarbon emissions
nitrogen oxides: Consists of two gases nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) These gases are produced by bacterial action in the soil and by the high temperature combustion Both gases are components in the production of photochemical smog
nitrogen oxides: Formed when nitrogen (N2) combines with oxygen (O2) in the burning of fossil fuels, from the natural degradation of vegetation, and from the use of chemical fertilizers A significant component of acid deposition and photochemical smog The primary source of nitrogen oxide emissions is automobile exhaust
nitrogen oxides: (NOx)-gases formed in great part from atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen when combustion takes place under conditions of high temperature and high pressure; considered a major air pollutant and precursor of ozone
nitrogen oxides: Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning of fossil fuels
nitrogen oxides: a criteria air pollutant Nitrogen oxides are produced from burning fuels, including gasoline and coal Nitrogen oxides are smogformers, which react with volatile organic compounds to form smog Nitrogen oxides are also major components of acid rain
nitrogen oxides: since NO and NO2 are tightly linked in tropospheric chemistry, atmospheric chemists have coined the symbol NOx (pronounced "nocks") to refer to the sum of the concentrations of both species The concentration of NOx in conjunction with concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC's) is an important criteria in determining ozone levels in polluted areas
nitrogen oxides: A product of photochemical reactions of nitric oxide in ambient air, and the major component of photochemical smog
nitrogen oxides: Compounds produced by combustion, particularly when there is an excess of air or when combustion temperatures are very high NOx are primary air pollutants
nitrogen oxides: These are produced whenever fuel is burned Road traffic is the biggest producer of NOx in the UK - 51% of the total As well as reacting with hydrocarbons NOx emissions are further oxidised in the atmosphere contributing to the production of acid rain
nitrogen oxides: A criteria air pollutant Nitrogen oxides are produced from burning fuels, including gasoline and coal Nitrogen oxides are smog formers, which react with volatile organic compounds to form smog Nitrogen oxides are also major components of acid rain
nitrogen oxides: Gaseous compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced directly or indirectly from the combustion of fossil fuels and from processes used in chemical plants Three forms of nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) Atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxide combine with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide, which in turn reacts with water vapor to form nitric acid, a component of acid deposition Nitrogen dioxide is listed as a criteria pollutant
nitrogen oxides: A group of gases that cause acid rain and other environmental problems, such as smog and eutrophication of coastal waters Burning fossil fuels, such as coal and gasoline, releases NOx into the atmosphere Various programs are reducing NOx emissions, including the Acid Rain Program and NOx cap and trade programs
nitrogen trichloride: a yellow pungent volatile oil (trade name Agene) formerly used for bleaching and aging flour
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle: A group of nuclear reactions, that involve the interaction of protons with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass
liquid nitrogen: Nitrogen that has been cooled to the liquid state; used in cryogenics
nitrogenous: of, relating to, or containing nitrogen
nitrogenous: {a} pertaining to nitrogene
blood urea nitrogen: (Tıp, İlaç) The blood urea nitrogen (BUN, pronounced "B-U-N") test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a by- product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys
blood urea nitrogen: (Medicine) waste product created during the metabolic process and excreted into the blood (can be used as an indication of renal function), BUN
liquid nitrogen: nitrogen in liquid form, nitrogen chilled to -195 degrees Celsius
liquid nitrogen: nitrogen in a liquid state
nitrogenous: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous principle; nitrogenous compounds
nitrogenous: of or relating to or containing nitrogen
nitrogenous: {s} of or containing or related to nitrogen