naturalism

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Определение naturalism в Английский Язык Турецкий язык словарь

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Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение naturalism в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь

naturism, social nudity

Any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature as a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by a will

A doctrine which denies a strong separation between scientific and philosophic methodologies and/or topics

A movement in theatre, film, and literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment

A state of nature; conformity to nature

Metaphaphoric: The doctrine that denies a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences

term often applied to Amarna art for its more realistic portrayal of people and animals than in traditional Egyptian art Local: Art Links: Art and Artifacts

Theory that international law is superior to the law of individual states and normative

In ethics and politics, the view that ethical judgements are descriptive and objective when properly made: that ethical terms could be replaced by obviously descriptive terms, as utilitarianism replaces "good" by "tending to produce the greatest possible balance of pleasure over pain for all sentient beings "

is the view that all ethical concepts and practices have a basis in human nature; all ethical standards can be explained and justified in terms of biology, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and other natural sciences Many writers hold that utilitarianism is a naturalistic approach to ethics

The belief that phenomena in the universe are explained by natural laws, and that there are no supernatural forces at work

A style of writing, acting and production that aims to reproduce real life exactly on stage

The view that ultimately nothing resists explanation by the methods characteristic of the natural sciences A naturalist will deny, for example, the mind-body problem, because it leaves the mental side of things outside the grasp of biology or physics

Any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature as a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by an intelligent will

(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations

(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations an artistic movement in 19th century France; artists and writers strove for detailed realistic and factual description

In relation to mind, the view that mental phenomena can be explained as part of the natural order and are empirically accessible features of the world <Discussion> <References> Chris Eliasmith

A style of depiction in which the physical appearance of the rendered image in nature is the primary inspiration A naturalistic work of art appears to resemble visible nature

The representation of something in a manner thought to be consistent with natural appearance, as opposed to stylisation

Genus: Esthetic category Differentia: Subject and style should imitate reality precisely

The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will

An extreme form of realism, which advanced the notion that the natural and social environment, more than individual will power, controlled human behavior Its proponents, active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, sought to dispense with all theatrical convention in the search for complete verisimilitude: a slice of life, as the naturalists would say

Specif

an artistic movement in 19th century France; artists and writers strove for detailed realistic and factual description

a view of ethics that rejects supernatural principles and maintains that morality can be explained only in terms of scientifically verifiable concepts

Imagery as close to nature as possible, with little or not editorializing or interpreting by the artist

a world view that denies the supernatural; scientific laws are adequate to account for all phenomena

The theory that art or literature should conform to nature; realism; also, the quality, rendering, or expression of art or literature executed according to this theory

Naturalism is a theory in art and literature which states that people and things should be shown in a realistic way. a style of art or literature which tries to show the world and people exactly as they are. Aesthetic movement of the late 19th to early 20th century. The movement was inspired by the principles and methods of natural science, especially Darwinism, which were adapted to literature and art. In literature, naturalism extended the tradition of realism, aiming at an even more faithful, pseudoscientific representation of reality, presented without moral judgment. Characters in naturalistic literature typically illustrate the deterministic role of heredity and environment on human life. The movement originated in France, where its leading exponent was Émile Zola. In America it is associated with the work of writers such as Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser. Visual artists associated with naturalism chose themes from life, capturing subjects unposed and not idealized, thus giving their works an unstudied air. Following the lead of the Realist painter Gustave Courbet, painters chose themes from contemporary life, and many deserted the studio for the open air, finding subjects among peasants and tradespeople, capturing them as they found them. As a result, finished canvases had the freshness and immediacy of sketches. Zola, the spokesman for literary naturalism, was also the first to champion Édouard Manet and the Impressionists (see Impressionism).While naturalism was short-lived as a historical movement, it contributed to art an enrichment of realism, new areas of subject matter, and a largeness and formlessness that was closer to life than to art. Its multiplicity of impressions conveyed the sense of a world in constant flux. In philosophy, the theory that affirms that all beings and events in the universe are natural and therefore can be fully known by the methods of scientific investigation. Though naturalism has often been equated with materialism, it is much broader in scope. Strictly speaking, naturalism has no ontological bias toward any particular set of categories of reality: dualism and monism, atheism and theism, idealism and materialism are all compatible with it. Naturalism was most influential in the 1930s and '40s, chiefly in the U.S. among philosophers such as F.J.E. Woodbridge (1867-1940), Morris R. Cohen (1880-1947), John Dewey, Ernest Nagel (1901-85), Sidney Hook (1902-89), and W.V.O. Quine

Naturalism considers man more or less helpless in the face of forces beyond his control It describes what did happen by chance circumstances Man may strive for values, but he is ineffectual in gaining them Man may not even choose his values - values and flaws being part of the character he is born with Some exceptional men may be heroes, such as a Greek warrior, but they are created by the Gods or by circumstances Stories are episodic, with events not flowing necessarily from proceeding ones Works may be entertaining and insightful, as with Shakespeare and Cervantes

A literary movement seeking to depict life as accurately as possible, without artificial distortions of emotion, idealism, and literary convention The school of thought is a product of post-Darwinian biology in the nineteenth century It asserts that human beings exist entirely in the order of nature Human beings do not have souls or any mode of participating in a religious or spiritual world beyond the biological realm of nature, and any such attempts to engage in a religious or spiritual world are acts of self-delusion and wish-fulfillment Humanity is thus a higher order animal whose character and behavior are, as M H Abrams summarizes, entirely determined by two kinds of forces, hereditary and environment The individual's compulsive instincts toward sexuality, hunger, and accumulation of goods are inherited via genetic compulsion and the social and economic forces surrounding his or her upbringing

in Film the treatment of forms, colours, space, etc as these appear or might appear in nature; Cf idealism and realism

{i} principle that the world can be understood without supernatural or spiritual explanations (Philosophy); portrayal of people and things as they really are (Art, Literature)

Using nature and the natural world as exemplary model for painting and sculpture It does not relate to any particular historical period

Naturalistic writers portrayed individuals as helpless victims battered defenseless by natural forces beyond their control Influenced by the writings of Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, and eventually Sigmund Freud, naturalists described a world in which biological, social, and psychological forces determined a person's fate

the principles and characteristics professed or represented by a 19th-century school of realistic writers, notably by Zola and Maupassant, who aimed to give a literal transcription of reality, and laid special stress on the analytic study of character, and on the scientific and experimental nature of their observation of life

emphasizes the role of society, history, and personality in determining the actions of its characters, usually expressed as a conflict between the charcters and their environment

(Philos )the belief that the natural world as known and experienced scientifically is all that exists; (Theol )the tenet that ultimate truth does not depend on supernatural experience, divine revelation, etc ; that it may be derived from the natural world alone)

Связанные Термины

religious naturalism

A pluralistic paradigm that proposes a spiritual/intellectual approach to life devoid of supernatural assumptions

spiritual naturalism

A worldview that reveres nature, without belief in the supernatural

Spiritual Naturalism, being a rejection of supernaturalism, removes the religious image to further penetrate and intensify.

Расстановка переносов

na·tu·ral·i·sm

Турецкое произношение

näçrılîzım

Произношение

/ˈnaʧrəˌləzəm/ /ˈnæʧrəˌlɪzəm/

Этимология

() Confer French naturalisme.