born 1716, Edinburgh, Scot. died July 13, 1794, Gosport, Hampshire, Eng. Scottish naval surgeon and physician. Having observed thousands of scurvy, typhus, and dysentery cases and the shipboard conditions that caused them, he published A Treatise on Scurvy in 1754, a time when scurvy killed more British sailors than combat. He recommended giving citrus fruits and juices (sources of vitamin C) to sailors on long voyages, a practice known to the Dutch for nearly two centuries. When the practice was fully instituted in 1795, scurvy disappeared from the ranks "as if by magic." Lind also suggested shipboard delousing and use of hospital ships, and he arranged for distillation of seawater for drinking
orig. Johanna Maria Lind born Oct. 6, 1820, Stockholm, Swed. died Nov. 2, 1887, Malvern, Worcestershire, Eng. Swedish soprano. She became prima donna at the Royal Opera in Stockholm at age
Study with Manuel García (1805-1906) in 1841 averted damage from vocal strain. Her career expanded to Germany, then to Vienna and London, where she created a sensation. Her European fame caught the eye of P.T. Barnum, who arranged a U.S. tour (dubbing her "the Swedish Nightingale") that launched many modern publicity techniques. She left Barnum in 1851 and resumed singing in Europe, though much less frequently. In her later years she lived and taught in England
lind
Расстановка переносов
Lind
Турецкое произношение
lînd
Произношение
/ˈlənd/ /ˈlɪnd/
Этимология
() Old English lind. Cognate with Dutch linde, German Linde, Swedish lind.