ferdinand

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение ferdinand в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь

A male given name, best known for a 13th century king of Spain, but never popular in English

best known for a 13th century king of Spain, but never popular in English

born April 19, 1793, Vienna, Austria died June 29, 1875, Prague, Bohemia Emperor of Austria (1835-48). He was the eldest son of Emperor Francis II, who sought to protect the principle of succession and insisted that Ferdinand be the heir, despite Ferdinand's feeblemindedness and epilepsy. Ferdinand was crowned king of Hungary in 1830 and became emperor of Austria in 1835. Government affairs were controlled by a body of counselors, led by the chancellor, Klemens, prince von Metternich. He was the last Habsburg king of Bohemia (1836), and in 1838 he was crowned king of Lombardy and Venetia. In the revolution of 1848 hostility was directed against his counselors, and Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew, Francis Joseph. Spanish Fernando born Oct. 14, 1784, El Escorial, Spain died Sept. 29, 1833, Madrid King of Spain (1808, 1813-33). He became king briefly in 1808 after the French invasion of Spain forced the abdication of his father, Charles IV. Napoleon soon replaced him as king with Joseph Bonaparte and held Ferdinand in France (1808-13). The Spanish populace rose against the French invaders in the name of Ferdinand, who became known as "the Desired." In 1812 independent Spaniards adopted a liberal constitution, which Ferdinand overthrew on his return as king in 1813 to rule in an absolutist style. His reign saw the loss of most of Spain's possessions in the Americas. He abolished the Salic Law of Succession to allow his daughter (the future Isabella II) instead of his brother (Don Carlos [1788-1855]) to succeed him, which triggered the opposition movement, Carlism. Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Aron Raymond Claude Ferdinand Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon Berthoud Ferdinand Beust Friedrich Ferdinand count von Céline Louis Ferdinand Louis Ferdinand Destouches Cohn Ferdinand Julius Delacroix Ferdinand Eugène Victor Ferdinand Karl Leopold Maria Ferdinand I Ferdinand II Ferdinand III Ferdinand VI Ferdinand VII Foch Ferdinand Francis Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer Galland Adolf Joseph Ferdinand Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Köchel Ludwig Alois Ferdinand von Kotzebue August Friedrich Ferdinand von Lassalle Ferdinand Ferdinand Lasal Lesseps Ferdinand Marie viscount de Marcos Ferdinand Edralin Möbius August Ferdinand Ferdinand Joseph La Menthe Perutz Max Ferdinand Saussure Ferdinand de Tönnies Ferdinand Julius Ferdinand Julius Toennies Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard Wagner Robert Ferdinand Ferdinand the Catholic Spanish Fernando el Católico Magellan Ferdinand. born Feb. 26, 1861, Vienna, Austria died Sept. 10, 1948, Coburg, Ger. King of Bulgaria (1908-18). Elected prince of Bulgaria in 1887, he proclaimed Bulgaria's independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908 and assumed the title of king or tsar. He spearheaded the formation of the Balkan League (1912), which led to the first Balkan War. Bulgaria was defeated in the second Balkan War (1913), and Ferdinand's resentments against his former allies determined Bulgaria's participation in World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Following his country's military defeat in 1918, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Boris III. born March 10, 1503, Alcalá de Henares, Spain died July 25, 1564, Vienna, Hapsburg domain Holy Roman emperor (1558-64). The brother of Emperor Charles V, he was Charles's deputy in the Habsburg German lands (1522-58). In 1526 he took possession of Bohemia without difficulty, but he faced rival claimants in Hungary and fought periodically against the Ottoman Empire, finally agreeing in 1562 to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan for Austria's share of Hungary. Ferdinand helped Charles defeat the Protestant Schmalkaldic League, and he later compromised on the Protestant issue and signed the Peace of Augsburg (1555), ending the era of religious strife in Germany. Elected emperor after Charles's abdication, which separated the Habsburg domains into Spanish and Austrian parts, Ferdinand centralized the imperial administration. born Jan. 2/12, 1751, Naples died Jan. 4, 1825, Naples King of the Two Sicilies (1816-25). He became king of Naples in 1759, as Ferdinand IV, when his father ascended the Spanish throne as Charles III. A weak ruler, he was greatly influenced by his wife, Maria Carolina of Austria (1752-1814). He engaged Naples in the Austro-English coalition against the French Revolution in 1793. The French then invaded Naples, and he fled to Sicily (1798-99, 1806-16). He returned to Naples in 1816 after the fall of Napoleon, as king of the united Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. His despotic rule led to an uprising in 1820, after which he was forced to grant a constitution. With Austria's aid, he overthrew the constitutional government in 1821. born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria died Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27) and king of Hungary (1618-25). A year after he was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king, they deposed him and elected Frederick V, an event that effectively marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. After annihilating the rebel army in 1620, he greatly reduced the Diet's power. A rigidly Catholic ruler, he forcibly Catholicized Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands. He maintained much of his power through the victories of Albrecht W.E. von Wallenstein but later concluded a compromise peace with the Protestant princes. He was the leading champion of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule in the Thirty Years' War. born Jan. 12, 1810, Palermo, Sicily died May 22, 1859, Caserta King of the Two Sicilies (1830-59). He followed his father, Francis I, as king and initially instituted reforms, but his rule gradually became authoritarian, and he severely repressed a number of liberal and national revolts. His heavy bombardment of Sicilian cities in 1848 earned him the name "King Bomba." His government's increasingly absolute character denied the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies a role in the Risorgimento and caused its collapse and incorporation into Italy in 1860. born July 13, 1608, Graz, Inner Austria died April 2, 1657, Vienna Holy Roman emperor (1637-57), archduke of Austria (1621-57), king of Hungary (1625-57) and king of Bohemia (1627-57). Denied command of the Habsburg armies in the Thirty Years' War, Ferdinand conspired to overthrow Gen. Albrecht W.E. von Wallenstein, whom he replaced as commander (1634-35). His leadership of the so-called peace party at the imperial court led to the Peace of Prague in 1635. As emperor from 1637, he refused to allow religious freedom in his own domains, but he compromised with Europe's Protestant powers and agreed to the Peace of Westphalia, ending 30 years of religious strife in central Europe. known as Ferdinand the Catholic Spanish Fernando el Católico born March 10, 1452, Sos, Aragon died Jan. 23, 1516 King of Aragon from 1479, king of Castile (as Ferdinand V) from 1474 (joint sovereign with Queen Isabella I until 1504), king of Sicily (as Ferdinand II, 1468-1516), and king of Naples (as Ferdinand III, 1503-16). The son of John II of Aragon (1398-1479), Ferdinand married Isabella of Castile in 1469 and fought to impose his authority over the nobles in the two kingdoms. As part of an effort to modernize Castile, they banned all religions other than Roman Catholicism, leading to the Spanish Inquisition (1478) and the expulsion of the Jews (1492). Conquest of Granada in 1492 made it possible to support Christopher Columbus's voyages to the New World. Ferdinand furthered his expansionary policies in the Mediterranean and in Africa. After the conquest of Naples in 1503, during the Italian Wars, Spain rivaled France as the most powerful state in Europe. By uniting the Spanish kingdoms into the nation of Spain, Ferdinand began Spain's entry into the modern period of imperial expansion. Spanish Fernando born Sept. 23, 1713, Madrid, Spain died Aug. 10, 1759, Villaviciosa de Odón King of Spain (1746-59). He was the second son of Philip V and his first wife, Marie-Louise. The influence of his father's second wife, Isabella Farnese, kept Ferdinand out of politics during his father's reign. During his own reign he tried to avoid conflicts while relying on his father's minister to bring about reforms. Ferdinand, the second Bourbon Spanish king, and his wife, Maria Bárbara, were patrons of the arts and learning. On his death, the crown passed to his half brother, Charles III

{i} male first name

Связанные Термины

Ferdinand viscount de Lesseps

born Nov. 19, 1805, Versailles, France died Dec. 7, 1894, La Chenaie, near Guilly French diplomat, builder of the Suez Canal. A career diplomat, he held posts in Egypt and elsewhere until 1849. In 1854 he was authorized by the viceroy of Egypt to build a canal across the isthmus of the Suez. He organized a company in 1858, with half its capital from French people, and construction began at Port Said in 1859. The Suez Canal was officially inaugurated in 1869. In 1879 Lesseps organized another company to build a Panama canal, but he gave up the project because of political and economic difficulties. He was prosecuted but cleared of charges of misappropriating funds, though French government members were accused of bribe taking

Ferdinand -Marie viscount de Lesseps

born Nov. 19, 1805, Versailles, France died Dec. 7, 1894, La Chenaie, near Guilly French diplomat, builder of the Suez Canal. A career diplomat, he held posts in Egypt and elsewhere until 1849. In 1854 he was authorized by the viceroy of Egypt to build a canal across the isthmus of the Suez. He organized a company in 1858, with half its capital from French people, and construction began at Port Said in 1859. The Suez Canal was officially inaugurated in 1869. In 1879 Lesseps organized another company to build a Panama canal, but he gave up the project because of political and economic difficulties. He was prosecuted but cleared of charges of misappropriating funds, though French government members were accused of bribe taking

Ferdinand Berthoud

born March 19, 1727, Plancemont, Switz. died June 20, 1807, Groslay, France Swiss-French clockmaker and writer on timekeeping. Working in Paris from 1748, his inventiveness and many publications soon made him influential. His interest in the problem of determining longitude at sea (see latitude and longitude) led to his major achievement, an improved, less expensive marine chronometer. Berthoud's improvements were retained in modern instruments. See also John Harrison

Ferdinand Cohn

born Jan. 24, 1828, Breslau, Silesia, Prussia died June 25, 1898, Breslau German naturalist and botanist, considered one of the founders of bacteriology. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Berlin at age

Ferdinand Cohn

His early research centred on the single-celled algae, and his accounts of the life histories of various algae species are of permanent value. He was among the first to attempt to arrange bacteria into genera and species on a systematic basis. Among his most striking contributions was his discovery of the formation and germination of spores in certain bacteria. During his lifetime Cohn was recognized as the foremost bacteriologist of his day

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

born Sept. 11, 1917, Sarrat, Phil. died Sept. 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. Philippine head of state (1966-86). The son of a politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before serving under Manuel Roxas, the first president of the independent Philippines. He was himself elected president in 1966. In his first term he made progress in agriculture, industry, and education, but in 1972 he imposed martial law, and his later years in power were noted for rampant government corruption, economic stagnation, political repression, and the steady growth of a communist insurgency. Following public outcry over the assassination of the opposition leader Benigno Aquino (1932-83) and Marcos's apparently fraudulent electoral victory over Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, Marcos was forced into exile in Hawaii, U.S. There he and his wife, Imelda, were indicted on racketeering charges related to embezzling billions of dollars from the Philippine economy. After his death she returned to the Philippines, where she was tried and convicted of corruption; the ruling was later overturned

Ferdinand Foch

born Oct. 2, 1851, Tarbes, France died March 20, 1929, Paris French commander of Allied forces in World War I. He entered the artillery corps in 1873 and from 1885 periodically taught military strategy at the war college, becoming its commandant in 1908. After World War I broke out, he commanded an army detachment and planned the strategy that enabled Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre to win the First Battle of the Marne. After commanding at the Battles of Ypres and the Somme, Foch was appointed chief of the general staff (1917), adviser to the Allied armies, and then commander in chief of all Allied armies (May 1918), in which capacity he prevailed on the battlefield against Erich Ludendorff. When Germany was forced to ask for an armistice, the conditions were dictated by the recently promoted Marshal Foch. Considered the leader most responsible for the Allied victory, he was showered with honours after the war and was buried near Napoleon in the Invalides

Ferdinand I

(died 1065) "Ferdinand the Great", emperor of Spain; (1503-1564) king of Bohemia and Hungary, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; (1861-1948) king of Bulgaria

Ferdinand II

Holy Roman emperor (1619-1637) and king of Bohemia (1617-1619 and 1620-1627) and Hungary (1618-1625). A leader of the Counter Reformation, he waged constant war against Protestant forces

Ferdinand III

Holy Roman emperor (1637-1657) and king of Hungary (1625-1647) and Bohemia (1627-1656). He signed the Peace of Westphalia (1648), thus ending the Thirty Years' War

Ferdinand Joseph La Menthe Morton

{i} (1885-1941) pianist, jazz composer, known as "Jelly Roll

Ferdinand Julius Cohn

His early research centred on the single-celled algae, and his accounts of the life histories of various algae species are of permanent value. He was among the first to attempt to arrange bacteria into genera and species on a systematic basis. Among his most striking contributions was his discovery of the formation and germination of spores in certain bacteria. During his lifetime Cohn was recognized as the foremost bacteriologist of his day

Ferdinand Julius Cohn

born Jan. 24, 1828, Breslau, Silesia, Prussia died June 25, 1898, Breslau German naturalist and botanist, considered one of the founders of bacteriology. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Berlin at age

Ferdinand Julius Toennies

or Ferdinand (Julius) Toennies born July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort, Schleswig died April 9, 1936, Kiel, Ger. German sociologist. From 1881 he taught principally at the University of Kiel. In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; "Community and Society"), he explored the differences between the organic conception of society, or Gemeinschaft ("community," a social union based on traditional rules and a shared sense of solidarity), and the social-contract conception of society, or Gesellschaft ("society," a social union held together by rational self-interest). In practice, he argued, all societies show elements of both kinds of organization, because human conduct is neither wholly instinctive nor wholly reasoned

Ferdinand Julius Tönnies

or Ferdinand (Julius) Toennies born July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort, Schleswig died April 9, 1936, Kiel, Ger. German sociologist. From 1881 he taught principally at the University of Kiel. In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; "Community and Society"), he explored the differences between the organic conception of society, or Gemeinschaft ("community," a social union based on traditional rules and a shared sense of solidarity), and the social-contract conception of society, or Gesellschaft ("society," a social union held together by rational self-interest). In practice, he argued, all societies show elements of both kinds of organization, because human conduct is neither wholly instinctive nor wholly reasoned

Ferdinand Karl Leopold Maria

born Feb. 26, 1861, Vienna, Austria died Sept. 10, 1948, Coburg, Ger. King of Bulgaria (1908-18). Elected prince of Bulgaria in 1887, he proclaimed Bulgaria's independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908 and assumed the title of king or tsar. He spearheaded the formation of the Balkan League (1912), which led to the first Balkan War. Bulgaria was defeated in the second Balkan War (1913), and Ferdinand's resentments against his former allies determined Bulgaria's participation in World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Following his country's military defeat in 1918, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Boris III

Ferdinand Lassalle

orig. Ferdinand Lasal born April 11, 1825, Breslau, Prussia died Aug. 31, 1864, near Geneva, Switz. German socialist, a founder of the German labour movement. He took part in the revolution of 1848-49 and established contact with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In 1859 he settled in Berlin and became a political journalist. His advocacy of an evolutionary approach to socialism through a democratic constitutional state based on universal suffrage led to his gradual estrangement from Marx. He helped form the General German Workers' Association (1863) and was elected its president, but associates rebelled against his authoritarian leadership. In 1864 he went to Switzerland for a rest, fell passionately in love, and was killed at age 39 in a duel with the woman's former fiancé

Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor

orig. (Ferdinand) Lew(is) Alcindor born April 16, 1947, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. basketball player. During his college career at UCLA, the team lost only two games, and he led it to three national championships (1966-68). He then joined the Milwaukee Bucks; in 1975 he was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers. Standing 7 ft 1 3 8 in. (2 m 17 cm), he was the dominant centre of his time and helped his teams to six NBA titles. By the time he retired in 1989, he had scored a record 38,387 points. He also set the record for most field goals (15,837) and most minutes played (57,446). He was voted Most Valuable Player a record six times

Ferdinand Magellan

a Portuguese sailor who most people consider to be the first person to sail all around the world. The Strait of Magellan at the bottom of South America was named after him (?1480-1521). Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães Spanish Fernando de Magallanes born 1480, Sabrosa, or Porto?, Port. died April 27, 1521, Mactan, Phil. Portuguese navigator and explorer. Born to the nobility, Magellan from 1505 served in expeditions to the East Indies and Africa. Having twice asked King Manuel I for a higher rank and been refused, he went to Spain in 1517 and offered his services to King Charles I (later Emperor Charles V), proposing to sail west to the Moluccas (Spice Islands) to prove that they lay in Spanish rather than Portuguese territory. In 1519 he left Sevilla with five ships and 270 men. He sailed around South America, quelling a mutiny on the way, and discovered the Strait of Magellan. With three ships left, Magellan crossed the "Sea of the South," which he later called the Pacific Ocean because of their calm crossing. He was killed by natives in the Philippines, but two of his ships reached the Moluccas, and one, the Victoria, commanded by Juan de Elcano (1476?-1526), continued west to Spain, accomplishing the first circumnavigation of the world in 1522

Ferdinand Magellan

(c.1480-1521) Portuguese explorer and navigator

Ferdinand Marcos

born Sept. 11, 1917, Sarrat, Phil. died Sept. 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. Philippine head of state (1966-86). The son of a politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before serving under Manuel Roxas, the first president of the independent Philippines. He was himself elected president in 1966. In his first term he made progress in agriculture, industry, and education, but in 1972 he imposed martial law, and his later years in power were noted for rampant government corruption, economic stagnation, political repression, and the steady growth of a communist insurgency. Following public outcry over the assassination of the opposition leader Benigno Aquino (1932-83) and Marcos's apparently fraudulent electoral victory over Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, Marcos was forced into exile in Hawaii, U.S. There he and his wife, Imelda, were indicted on racketeering charges related to embezzling billions of dollars from the Philippine economy. After his death she returned to the Philippines, where she was tried and convicted of corruption; the ruling was later overturned

Ferdinand Toennies

or Ferdinand (Julius) Toennies born July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort, Schleswig died April 9, 1936, Kiel, Ger. German sociologist. From 1881 he taught principally at the University of Kiel. In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; "Community and Society"), he explored the differences between the organic conception of society, or Gemeinschaft ("community," a social union based on traditional rules and a shared sense of solidarity), and the social-contract conception of society, or Gesellschaft ("society," a social union held together by rational self-interest). In practice, he argued, all societies show elements of both kinds of organization, because human conduct is neither wholly instinctive nor wholly reasoned

Ferdinand Tönnies

or Ferdinand (Julius) Toennies born July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort, Schleswig died April 9, 1936, Kiel, Ger. German sociologist. From 1881 he taught principally at the University of Kiel. In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; "Community and Society"), he explored the differences between the organic conception of society, or Gemeinschaft ("community," a social union based on traditional rules and a shared sense of solidarity), and the social-contract conception of society, or Gesellschaft ("society," a social union held together by rational self-interest). In practice, he argued, all societies show elements of both kinds of organization, because human conduct is neither wholly instinctive nor wholly reasoned

Ferdinand V

King of Castile and Le n (1474-1504) who ruled jointly with his wife, Isabella I. He was also king of Sicily (1468-1516) and Aragon (1479-1516) as Ferdinand II and of Naples (1504-1516) as Ferdinand III. His marriage to Isabella (1469) marked the beginning of the modern Spanish state

Ferdinand VI

(1713-1759) king of Spain (1746-1759)

Ferdinand VII

(1784-1833) king of Spain (1808, 1814-1833)

Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix

{i} Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863), French Romantic painter and lithographer, creator of "The Bark of Dante" and "Women of Algiers

Ferdinand and Isabella

King Ferdinand of Spain (1452-1516), and his wife, Queen Isabella of Spain (1451-1504), who were known as the Catholic Monarchs. They are famous for giving Christopher Columbus the money and ships to make the journey on which he discovered America

Ferdinand de Saussure

{i} (1857-1913) Swiss linguist, founder of structural linguistics

Ferdinand de Saussure

born Nov. 26, 1857, Geneva, Switz. died Feb. 22, 1913, Geneva Swiss linguist. Though his only written work appeared while he was still a university student, Saussure became very influential as a teacher, principally at the University of Geneva (1901-13). Two of his students reconstructed lecture notes and other materials as Course in General Linguistics (1916), often considered the starting point of 20th-century linguistics. He saw language as a structured system that may be approached both as it exists at a particular time and as it changes over time, and he formalized principles and methods of study for each approach. His concepts may be regarded as the beginning of structuralism

Ferdinand von Zeppelin

{i} (1838-1917) German army officer, developer of the first rigid airship in 1900

Ferdinand- Eugène -Victor Delacroix

born April 26, 1798, Charenton-Saint-Maurice, France died Aug. 13, 1863, Paris French painter. As a young man he was strongly influenced by the Romanticism of the painter Théodore Géricault and the Polish-born composer and pianist Frédéric Chopin. In 1822 he exhibited the painting Dante and Virgil in Hell, a landmark in the development of French 19th-century Romanticism. In his subsequent choice of subjects, Delacroix often showed an affinity with Lord Byron and other Romantic poets of his time. His work was characterized by an uninhibited expression of energy and movement, a fascination with violence, destruction, and the more tragic aspects of life, and a sensuous use of colour. After his success at the Paris Salon, he was commissioned to decorate government buildings; he became one of the most distinguished monumental mural painters in the history of French art. He explored the new medium of lithography and in 1827 executed 17 lithographs for an edition of Faust. In 1830 he painted Liberty Leading the People to commemorate the July Revolution that brought Louis-Philippe to the French throne. His use of colour influenced the development of Impressionism

ferdinand and isabella

joint monarchs of Spain; Ferdinand V and Isabella I

ferdinand i

king of Castile and Leon who achieved control of the Moorish kings of Saragossa and Seville and Toledo (1016-1065) Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia (1503-1564)

ferdinand ii

Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia and Hungary who waged war against Protestant forces (1578-1637)

ferdinand iii

Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia who signed the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War (1608-1657)

ferdinand v

king of Castile and Leon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella I; his marriage to Isabella I marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain (1452-1516)

Adolf Joseph Ferdinand Galland

born March 19, 1912, Westerholt, near Recklinghausen, Ger. died Feb. 9, 1996, Oberwinter German fighter ace. A skillful glider pilot by age 20, he flew hundreds of missions in the Spanish Civil War. In World War II he led a fighter squadron in the Battle of Britain, destroying 100 British planes, and became commander of the Luftwaffe's fighter arm. Blamed by Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring for the collapse of Germany's air defense against Anglo-American bombing raids, he was relieved of his command in 1945. Briefly imprisoned at the war's end, he later became an adviser to the Argentine air force and an aviation consultant in West Germany

Archduke Ferdinand

(1863-1914) Franz Ferdinand, heir apparent to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (assassinated in 1914, an event which led to the start of World War I)

August Ferdinand Möbius

born Nov. 17, 1790, Schulpforta, Saxony died Sept. 26, 1868, Leipzig German mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He began teaching at the University of Leipzig in 1815, and established his reputation with many publications. His mathematical papers are chiefly concerned with geometry. He introduced homogeneous coordinates into analytic geometry and dealt with geometric transformations, in particular projective transformations. He was a pioneer in topology; in a memoir discovered after his death he discussed the properties of one-sided surfaces, including the famous Möbius strip

August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue

born May 3, 1761, Weimar, Saxony died March 23, 1819, Mannheim, Baden German playwright. He helped popularize poetic drama, which he infused with melodramatic sensationalism and sentimental philosophizing. Prolific (he wrote more than 200 plays) and facile, he is known for works such as the dramas The Stranger (1789) and The Indian Exiles (1790) and the comedies Der Wildfang (1798; "The Trapping of Game") and Die deutschen Kleinstädter (1803; "Small-Town Germans"). He was denounced by political radicals as a spy and stabbed to death

Francis Ferdinand

Austrian archduke whose assassination by a Serbian nationalist precipitated World War I. German Franz Ferdinand born Dec. 18, 1863, Graz, Austria died June 28, 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Archduke of Austria, whose assassination was the immediate cause of World War I. Nephew of Emperor Francis Joseph, he became heir apparent in 1896. His desire to marry Sophie, countess von Chotek, a lady-in-waiting, brought him into sharp conflict with the emperor, and the marriage was only allowed after he agreed to renounce his future children's rights to the throne. From 1906 he exerted influence in military matters and became inspector general of the army (1913). While on an official visit in Sarajevo in June 1914, he and his wife were assassinated by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. In July Austria declared war against Serbia, precipitating World War I

Franz Ferdinand

(1863-1914) Austrian archduke, heir apparent of the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (assassinated in 1914, an event which led to the start of World War I)

Friedrich Ferdinand count von Beust

born Jan. 13, 1809, Dresden, Saxony died Oct. 24, 1886, Schloss Altenberg, near Vienna, Austria-Hungary German statesman. A career diplomat in Saxony from 1830, he served as its foreign minister (1849-53) and its interior minister (1853-66). Often opposed to Otto von Bismarck, Beust was forced to resign in 1866. Saxony's ally, the Habsburg emperor Francis Joseph, then appointed him Austrian minister for foreign affairs (1866) and imperial chancellor (1867-71). As chancellor, Beust negotiated the Compromise of 1867 and helped restore the Habsburgs' international position. He later served as ambassador to England (1871-78) and France (1878-82)

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz

born Aug. 31, 1821, Potsdam, Prussia died Sept. 8, 1894, Charlottenburg, Berlin, Ger. German scientist, one of the greatest of the 19th century. After training in medicine, he taught physiology and later physics at several German universities. His interests continually shifted to new disciplines, in which he applied his earlier insights to every problem he examined. He made fundamental contributions to physiology, optics, electrodynamics, mathematics, acoustics, and meteorology, but is best known for his statement (1847) of the law of conservation of energy. His approach was strongly empirical at a time when many scientists embraced deductions from mental concepts. He invented several measurement instruments, including the myograph, ophthalmoscope, and ophthalmometer. He described body heat and energy, nerve conduction, and the physiology of the eye. His mathematical analysis of vortices in fluids (1858) was a tour de force. His work in electrodynamics built on that of Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell but was eventually superseded by that of Albert Einstein

Ludwig Alois Ferdinand von Köchel

born Jan. 14, 1800, Stein, near Krems, Austria died June 3, 1877, Vienna Austrian scholar and musicologist. After gaining a law degree, he tutored children of wealthy families and traveled, researching books on a number of different topics, including botany, mineralogy, and music. He is best known for his 1862 thematic catalog of Mozart's works (which are still identified by their "K numbers"), a monument of music scholarship. He also edited Ludwig van Beethoven's letters

Max Ferdinand Perutz

born May 19, 1914, Vienna, Austria died Feb. 6, 2002, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng. Austrian-British biochemist. With John Cowdery Kendrew he founded the Medical Research Council Unit for Molecular Biology at the University of Cambridge. His discovery that hemoglobin's structure changes when it picks up or releases oxygen led to the full understanding of the molecular mechanism of respiratory oxygen transport by hemoglobin. For his X-ray diffraction analysis of hemoglobin's structure, Perutz and Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Perutz also used crystallography to study the flow of glaciers

Raymond -Claude-Ferdinand Aron

born 1905 died 1983 French sociologist and historian. After receiving his doctorate from the École Normale Supérieure (1930), he taught at the University of Toulouse until 1939. During World War II he joined the Free French and edited their newspaper (1940-44). He later taught at the École Nationale d'Administration, the Sorbonne, and the Collège de France. He was also a columnist for Le Figaro (1947-77) and L'Express (1977-83). Aron upheld a rationalist humanism that was often contrasted with the Marxist existentialism of his great contemporary and former classmate Jean-Paul Sartre. A continuing theme in his writings was the subject of violence and war

Robert Ferdinand Wagner

born June 8, 1877, Nastätten, Hesse-Nassau, Ger. died May 4, 1953, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. politician. He immigrated with his family to New York City in 1885. He became active in Democratic Party politics, serving in the state legislature (1904-19) and as a justice of the state court of appeals (1919-26). In the U.S. Senate (1927-49), he became an ally of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt and introduced New Deal labour and social-reform legislation, including the National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), the National Labor Relations Act (known as the Wagner Act), and the Social Security Act. He cosponsored the Wagner-Steagall Act (1937), which created the U.S. Housing Authority. His son, Robert F. Wagner, Jr. (1910-91), served as mayor of New York (1954-65)

francis ferdinand

archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I; his assassination at Sarajevo triggered the outbreak of World War I (1863-1914)

Расстановка переносов

Fer·di·nand

Турецкое произношение

fırdînän

Произношение

/ˈfərdəˌnan/ /ˈfɜrdɪˌnæn/

Этимология

() Contraction of Spanish Ferdinando, from Germanic farð "journey" or frið "peace" + nand "ready, prepared".