the magnitude of the gain from trade, the difference between what an individual would have been willing to pay for a good and what she has to pay
may designate an accumulation of receipts over expenses during a specific period The term is usually avoided because of its ambiguity
If a government has a budget surplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes. Norway's budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year
A stock company's surplus is the amount by which its admitted assets exceed its liabilities and capital stock In both stock and mutual companies, the term surplus to policyholders means the excess of admitted assets over liabilities
A fiscal condition which may occur at the end of a fiscal year, whereby expenditures are less than the actual intake of revenues during the same period The surplus funds become available for appropriation for the following year
Excess also called overage The extent to which assets exceed liabilities Profits remaining after subtracting for operating expenses, taxes, interest and insurance
A condition that occurs when the supply of a good or service exceeds its demand Surpluses occur when the price for a good or service is higher than its equilibrium price
Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government
Votes that a candidate receives in excess of the quota They are distributed to other candidates according to the further preferences indicated on the ballot papers by those voters
Contributed surplus is a balance sheet figure which originates from sources other than earnings, such as the initial sale of stock above par value Earned surplus, or retained earnings, is the amount of accumulated earnings retained in the business after the payment of all expenses and dividends
A term used when the quantity of a good supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the existing price
The excess of assets over liabilities Statutory surplus is an insurers or reinsurers capital as determined under statutory accounting rules Surplus determines an insurers or reinsurers capacity to write business
The amount that remains when an insurer subtracts its liabilities and capital from its assets