existentialism

Английский Язык - Турецкий язык

Определение existentialism в Английский Язык Турецкий язык словарь: varoluşçuluk; i., fels. varoluşçuluk, egzistansiyalizm; (isim) varoluşçuluk; egzistansiyalizm

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение existentialism в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: A twentieth-century philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices, with foundations in the thought of Soren Kierkegaard (1813-55) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) and notably represented in the works of Karl Jaspers (1883-1969), Gabriel Marcel (1887-1973), Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80)
The heyday of existentialism occurred in the mid-twentieth century.; The philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement
Instead of Existentialism, we should speak of Existentialisms.; Philosophical movement harking back to Kierkegaard and flowering most notably in the work of Sartre and Heidegger in the mid twentieth century It maintains, roughly, that the thinking subjects existence precedes its essence, and that our subjective existence, as thinkers, consequently is radically free, cannot be objectively construed, and is consequently incapable of any objective scientific characterization See also: objective, subjective; is the view that we create moral and ethical values through our own choices and actions Nothing is right or wrong until we make a choice; philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice, that influenced many diverse writers in the 19th and 20th centuries Certain themes common to virtually all existentialist writers are concrete individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice; A tradition of twentieth-century philosophy having its roots in the nineteenth century but coming to flower in Europe after World War II; of central concern is the question of how the individual is to find an authentic existence in this world, in which there is no ultimate reason why things happen one way and not another; A philosophical movement stressing individual responsibility for creating one's ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving; The source of knowledge are sensations as they "exist" in our consciousness It denies the metaphysical; Genus: Philosophy Differentia: Holds that there is no intrinsic meaning or purpose, therefore it is up to each individual to determine his own meaning and purpose and take responsibility for his actions Views the world as "absurd" Link: External Article; This belief’s central core is the individual Each person is responsible for his own acts, and must suffer the consequences of them Concerning religion, each individual must make his own commitment; A 20th-century philosophy which holds that humans must live their lives without any absolute values or divine laws Many existentialists believe that since there is no guarantee of human worth or dignity, and no such thing as "human nature," humans have complete freedom to define humanity and a painful ethical responsibility to do so; Existentialism is a philosophy which stresses the importance of human experience, and says that everyone is responsible for the results of their own actions. the belief in philosophy that people are responsible for their own actions and experiences, and that the world has no meaning. Philosophical movement oriented toward two major themes, the analysis of human existence and the centrality of human choice. Existentialism's chief theoretical energies are thus devoted to questions about ontology and decision. It traces its roots to the writings of Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. As a philosophy of human existence, existentialism found its best 20th-century exponent in Karl Jaspers; as a philosophy of human decision, its foremost representative was Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre finds the essence of human existence in freedom in the duty of self-determination and the freedom of choice and therefore spends much time describing the human tendency toward "bad faith," reflected in humanity's perverse attempts to deny its own responsibility and flee from the truth of its inescapable freedom; A modern view of reality that denies the existence of essences Things that exist are what they appear to be only The being and the appearance of a thing are identical There are no essences, only existing things Each thing is what it proclaims itself to be Man is whatever he makes of himself; The philosophy that holds that reality, knowledge, and values are totally individual; (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves; Broadly existentialism is the philosophy of existence or experience More specifically, existentialism is the philosophical cult of nihilism, that is that each man exists as an individual in a purposeless universe, and that he must oppose this hostile environment through the exercise of his free will; {i} 20th-century philosophical movement stressing the subjective aspect of human existence and man's responsibility for it; twentieth-century philosophy that denies any essential human nature; each of us creates our own essence through free action; A philosophic movement primarily associated with the mid-20th century, in part arising from phenomenology (see J P Sarte, M Heidegger, K Jaspers, A Camus, etc ) that insists that human beings have no essential purpose or nature, but simply exist, having the "terrible freedom" of arbitrary decision; A worldview that maintains that all we can really know about life is that one exists, and that one's value and meaning is created by one's own will rather than by any innate human nature or transcendent purpose