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Apocrypha

The Apocrypha consists of the material in the Septuagint that does not appear in the Hebrew Bible Anglicans, Methodists, Lutherans, and others use the Apocrypha as a worship resource and as instruction in faith and morals, but do not use it to formulate doctrine The Roman Catholic Church and the eastern churches use it as part of the Old Testament The Apocrypha contains the history of the Maccabean revolt, which is vital to understanding the political backdrop of the New Testament and the origin of the Jewish holiday of Hanukah

Jewish or Christian additions to the Old and New Testaments excluded from the Canon

14 books of the Old Testament included in the Vulgate (except for II Esdras) but omitted in Jewish and Protestant versions of the Bible; eastern Christian churches (except the Coptic church) accept all these books as canonical; the Russian Orthodox church accepts these texts as divinely inspired but does not grant them the same status

a collection of Jewish writings which form part of the Old Testament in some bibles. They do not appear in the Hebrew bible, or many modern bibles. In biblical literature, works outside an accepted canon of scripture. In modern usage the Apocrypha refers to ancient Jewish books that are not part of the Hebrew Bible but are considered canonical in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Among the various books included are Tobit, Judith, Baruch, and the Maccabees as well as Ecclesiasticus and the Wisdom of Solomon. Protestant churches follow Jewish tradition in judging these works apocryphal or noncanonical. The term deuterocanonical is used to refer to works accepted in one canon but not all. Pseudepigrapha are spurious works for which biblical authorship is claimed

From the Greek, meaning "hidden" books, Apocrypha refers to noncanonical or deuterocanonical literature, especially the fourteen books included in the Greek Septuagint and later editions of the Vulgate but not in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible It also applies to a body of Christian works that typically parallel or spuriously "supplement" the New Testament canon

"writings or statements of dubious authenticity "

from the Greek "Apokryphos", meaning obscure Those writings of dubious authenticity belonging to the pre-Christian era Declared to be inspired by the Roman Catholic Council of Trent, in 1546 They remain unacceptable to Bible believing Christians These dozen-plus books can be found throughout Vaticanus and Sinaticus

books of the Bible that are included in the Vulgate and Septuagint versions of the Christian Bible, but not in the Protestant Bible or the Hebrew canon

A Greek adjective in the neuter plural (from apokruphos, "hidden, concealed") denotes strictly (things concealed) Old Testament apocrypha, specifically the 14 books written after the Old Testament canon was closed and which, being the least remote from the canonical books, laid strongest claim to canonicity the body of Jewish literature between the 2nd century B C and the 2nd century A D , not included in the canon of the Hebrew Bible

   a Greek word meaning "hidden," describing pious literature related to the Scriptures but not included in the canon Protestants regard several books of the Catholic Old Testament as apocryphal because they are not found in the Hebrew Bible (Sirach, Wisdom, Baruch, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Tobit, Judith) See canon; deuterocanonical

A section of the Bible not accepted by all Christians

hidden, spurious, the name given to certain ancient books which found a place in the LXX and Latin Vulgate versions of the Old Testament, and were appended to all the great translations made from them in the sixteenth century, but which have no claim to be regarded as in any sense parts of the inspired Word

a group of books, mainly in Greek, written after the last of the Jewish Prophetic books, but before the books of the New Testament The Apocrypha is not included in the Jewish (Hebrew) Canon of Scripture, but is included in the Septuagint, and so was included in the earliest Christian translations of the Scriptures The Apocrypha includes : 1 & 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, the rest of the book of Esther, the Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus (Ben Sirach), Baruch, a Letter of Jeremiah, the rest of the book of Daniel (Bel and the Dragon, Susannah, the Song of the Three Young Men), the Prayer of Manasseh, and 1 & 2 Maccabees

sections of the Bible which had no original Hebrew text extant when they were translated into Latin from the Greek; these were included in their proper place in the Bible in the Latin Vulgate version, but are relegated to a separate volume in a modern Bible

(a'PAHK-r'-fah) A collection of books, including the Books of Mac-cabees, that were not included in the final redaction of the Bible, but which are, nevertheless, important Jewish texts Greek for "hidden "

{i} Old Testament books not included in the Bible

The term means hidden things Of three applications of what it refers to, Jerome's is the one that is the generally accepted modern usage -- books that are outside the Hebrew canon With the exception of one book, the books of the Apocrypha were in the Greek version of the Old Testament made for Greek-speaking Jews in Egypt The books were accepted as Biblical by the early Church and quoted as Scripture by many early Christian writers, for their Bible was the Greek Bible The rabbis who met near Jerusalem after C E 70 accepted thirty-nine books, which came to be known as the Palestinian Canon The rabbis in Alexandria accepted those and, in addition, other books - called today the Apocrypha -- which came to be known as the Alexandrian Canon It was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars and became the Scriptures of early Christian authors Today, Jews and most Protestants accept the Palestinian Canon Catholics follow the Alexandrian Canon

Spurious non-canonical books endorsed as Biblical by the Church of Rome ( SEE: Canon of Scripture, Deuterocanonical )

(adj apocryphal; from Greek for "to hide") It is used in a technical sense to refer to certain Jewish books written in the Hellenistic-Roman period that came to be included in the Old Greek Jewish scriptures (and thus in the Eastern Christian biblical canon) and in the Latin Vulgate Roman Catholic canon, but not in the Jewish or Protestant biblical canons; they are called deutero-canonical books in the Roman Catholic tradition See Introduction, Conclusion

(Gr "hidden or secret") Some of the books of the Bible not accepted by all denominations of Christians as true and divinely inspired Some of them were written much later but attributed to important individuals of the apostolic times, thus bearing a misleading title (pseudepigrapha)

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