dilemma

Oyun teorisinde ve sosyal bilimlerde son derece ünlenen bir işbirliği-rekabet modeli. Adını yeterli delilin bulunamadığı bir vakada iki suç ortağının birbirinden ayrı odalarda sorgulandığı bir polisiye sorgu tekniğinden alır. Sanıklardan her birisine, 'itiraf' etmesi halinde küçük bir ceza alacağı söylenir. Ama sonucu belirleyen şey itiraf edip etmeme değil, sanıkların birlikte mi yoksa tek başlarına mi hareket edecekleridir. Her ikisinin de susması, en iyi sonucu verecektir (karşılıklı işbirliği). Her ikisinin de itiraf etmesi (karşılıklı rekabet), azaltılmış da olsa her ikisinin de ceza alması anlamına gelecektir. Birinin susup diğerinin konuşması ise (tek taraflı rekabet) konuşanın hafif, susanın ağır ceza alması demektir. En iyi seçenek her iki tarafın da susmasıdır ama kişi için en düşük risk, itiraftır. Bir tür toplamı sıfırsız olan bu model işbirliği ve rekabetle ilişkili güdülerin araştırılmasında kullanılır. Ayrıca toplamı sıfırlı oyun

prisoners' dilemma

tutuklu açmazı

security dilemma

(Politika Siyaset) Güvenlik İkilemi

to fall into a dilemma

ikileme düşmek

get into a dilemma

batağa saplanmak

horns of a dilemma

birinin seçilmesi gereken iki güç seçenek

horns of a dilemma

(Argo) iki ucu boklu değnek

modern dilemma

çağdaş ikilem

on the horns of a dilemma

çıkmazda

on the horns of a dilemma

iki arada bir derede

on the horns of a dilemma

açmazda

prisoner's dilemma

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) tutuklunun ikilemi

prisoner's dilemma

tutuklu ikilemi

target dilemma

(Ticaret) hedef çelişkisi

Турецкий язык - Турецкий язык

Определение dilemma в Турецкий язык Турецкий язык словарь: İkilem; ikilem

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение dilemma в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: A type of syllogism of the form "if A is true then B is true; if C is true then D is true; either A or C is true; therefore either B or D is true"; A circumstance in which a choice must be made between two or more alternatives that seem equally undesirable; A difficult circumstance or problem; a situation in which a choice between opposing modes of conduct is necessary; {n} a vexatious alternative, a difficulty; A circumstance in which a choice must be made between two alternatives that seem equally undesirable; any situation requiring a choice between alternatives; any serious problem or quandary, such as making difficult moral decisions; an argument that presents an opponent with a two option forced choice neither of which offers desirable outcomes for the opponent; An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses; A difficult choice between equally undesirable alternatives In a disadvantageous rhetorical position, one is said to be impaled on the horns of a dilemma, but logicians employ Constructive Dilemma as a rule of inference Recommended Reading: Howard Kahane and Nancy Cavender, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric (Wadsworth, 1997) {at Amazon com} and Douglas N Walton, Informal Logic: A Handbook for Critical Argumentation (Cambridge, 1989) {at Amazon com} Also see OCP, SEP on moral dilemmas and the prisoner dilemma, IEP, and noesis; * A forced choice between courses of action (usually two) which are equally unacceptable Sometimes people will call any challenging "moral problem" a dilemma, but this is a misleading use of the term Only a few moral problems are dilemmas in the true meaning of the term Calling moral problems "dilemmas" is confusing because it implies that the only possible responses are the two obvious (and unacceptable) ones, and tends to discourage real problem solving; a choice that has to be made between two equally unsatisfactory situations, or puzzling situation that appears to have no correct answer; A dilemma is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives. He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country on the horns of a dilemma: see horn. a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad (from lemma ); state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options; the Greek word "lemma" translates as "assumption"; a "di-lemma" then is an argument presenting two or more equally conclusive and (in our case) morally justifiable and desirable alternatives, i e the principle of self-determination and that of the sanctity of life are equally desirable, but in a dilemma situation you are seemingly forced to choose one to the exclusion of the other; {i} difficult situation, difficult decision; A forced choice between courses of action (usually two) which are equally unacceptable Sometimes people will call any challenging "moral problem" a dilemma, but this is a misleading use of the term Only a few moral problems are dilemmas in the true meaning of the term Calling moral problems "dilemmas" is confusing because it implies that the only possible responses are the two obvious (and unacceptable) ones, and tends to discourage real problem solving; In popular use a dilemma can be almost any sort of difficult choice, but in logic a dilemma is a choice in which there are only two options, attractive or not One can refute a dilemma, that is, show that is not a real dilemma, by finding a third possibility; exacerbate implementation eradicate ascertain; A state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to pursue; a vexatious alternative or predicament; a difficult choice or position
dilemma tale: or judgment tale Typical African form of short story. Its ending is open to conjecture or is morally ambiguous, allowing the audience to comment or speculate on the correct solution to the problem posed, whether a conflict of loyalty, the need to choose a just response to a difficult situation, or the laying of blame when several parties seem equally guilty. Dilemma tales function both as instruction and entertainment and help establish social norms
be on the horns of a dilemma: To face a choice between two equally undesirable alternatives
false dilemma: A situation in which two alternative points of views are presented as the only options, whereas others are available
horns of a dilemma: Two choices possible in a situation in which neither is wanted. Usually used after "on". - Joe "found himself on the horns of a dilemma; if he went to work, he'd miss seeing Mary; if he stayed out, he'd he too broke to take her anywhere"
prisoner's dilemma: The prisoner's dilemma is a fundamental problem in game theory that demonstrates why two people might not cooperate even if it is in both their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence payoffs and gave it the "prisoner's dilemma" name (Poundstone, 1992)
prisoners' dilemma: In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma (sometimes abbreviated PD) is a type of non-zero-sum game in which two players may each "cooperate" with or "defect" (i.e. betray) the other player
A dilemma: quandary
dilemmas: plural of dilemma
highlight a dilemma: focus on a problem
in a dilemma: in a quandary, within an uncomfortable situation
on the horns of a dilemma: battling with a problem, between a rock and a hard place
prisoner's dilemma: Imaginary situation employed in game theory. One version is as follows. Two prisoners are accused of a crime. If one confesses and the other does not, the one who confesses will be released immediately and the other will spend 20 years in prison. If neither confesses, each will be held only a few months. If both confess, they will each be jailed 15 years. They cannot communicate with one another. Given that neither prisoner knows whether the other has confessed, it is in the self-interest of each to confess himself. Paradoxically, when each prisoner pursues his self-interest, both end up worse off than they would have been had they acted otherwise. See egoism

Турецкий язык - Английский Язык

Определение dilemma в Турецкий язык Английский Язык словарь: difficult situation; difficult decision; dilemma; (Denizbilim) contradiction

dilemma

Расстановка переносов

di·lem·ma

Турецкое произношение

dîlemı

Синонимы

bind, fix, pickle, problem, quandary, box, catch-22, corner, difficulty, double bind, embarrassment, hole, hooker, impasse, jam

Антонимы

miracle, solution, wonder

Произношение

/dəˈlemə/ /dɪˈlɛmə/

Этимология

() First attested 1523, from Late Latin dilemma, from Ancient Greek δίλημμα (dilēmma, “double proposition”), from δι- + λῆμμα (lēmma, “premise, proposition”).