Any method or instance of estimating properties of an estimator (such as its variance) by measuring those properties when sampling from an approximating distribution
A software program for initiating the operation of a computer The function of the program is to set up the input and output (I/O) devices and load the OPERATING SYSTEM from a disk, cassette, or built-in READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
1 Referring to a self-generating or self-sustaining process; specifically, the operation of liquid-propellant rocket engines in which, during main-stage operation, the gas generator is fed by the main propellants pumped by the turbopump, and the turbopump in turn is driven by hot gases from the gas generator system
A bootstrap is a small program which is contained in your boot sector This program may "boot" your computer by loading the operating system, or it may simply display the message which you see when you attempt to boot off a non system disk
This is the program that does the job of loading the OS kernel and any associated modules that the kernel may need to start setting up an execution environment A bootloader is usually stored in ROM In the case of the IA-32 there are a number of bootstraps, the first resides in the BIOS and then that reads in another from the MBR of a disk which normally contains another bootstrap Examples of a bootstrap are GRUB, LILO, LOADLIN, MILO, etc
The technique of random resampling from a given sample (usually with replacement, but sometimes without replacement using an extensive replication of the given sample to resample from) and computation of the statistic of interest after each resampling Because the given sample should be shaped approximately like the unknown population, the bootstrap-produced distribution of the statistic of interest (as given by its relative frequency histogram) should be a good estimate of the unknown theoretical distribution of the statistic of interest Many nonparametric estimation and hypothesis testing procedures can be constructed using bootstrapping to estimate the unknown distribution of the statistic of interest
a method for assessing the statistical significance the positions of branches in a phylogenetic tree that is inferred by a pairwise method (e g Neighbor-Joining or UPGMA) A bootstrap starts with a set of sequences in which every possible sequence pair has been aligned For each aligned pair, it samples scores from random positions in the alignment, adding the scores This is repeated until the pseudo-alignment is the same length as the real alignment When all the pairs have been sampled, it converts the scores to distances and computes a tree This whole process is repeated many times and the frequency with which particular tree features are observed is taken as a measure of the probability that the feature is correct See Bootstrap in Detail for more
A short program, often written in assembler, which gains control when the machine is first powered on The bootstrap sets up an environment that will allow the Kernel to continue to boot Symbian OS (e g setting up memory, I/O devices and creating virtual memory space)
The bootstrap program can be used to start the computer, and in doing so, clear the memory, set up devices, and load the operating system from input/output internal or external memory