bireyselcilik

Турецкий язык - Английский Язык

Определение bireyselcilik в Турецкий язык Английский Язык словарь

(Sosyoloji, Toplumbilim) individualism

The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution

The tendency for a person to act without reference to others, particularly in matters of style, fashion or mode of thought

pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose

the social theory that emphasizes the importance of the individual, his or her rights, and independence of action

You use individualism to refer to the behaviour of someone who likes to think and do things in their own way, rather than imitating other people. He is struck by what he calls the individualism of American officers

Individualism is the belief that economics and politics should not be controlled by the state. the strong individualism in their political culture. Political and social philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom. Modern individualism emerged in Britain with the ideas of Adam Smith and Jeremy Bentham, and the concept was described by Alexis de Tocqueville as fundamental to the American temper. Individualism encompasses a value system, a theory of human nature, and a belief in certain political, economic, social, and religious arrangements. According to the individualist, all values are human-centred, the individual is of supreme importance, and all individuals are morally equal. Individualism places great value on self-reliance, on privacy, and on mutual respect. Negatively, it embraces opposition to authority and to all manner of controls over the individual, especially when exercised by the state. As a theory of human nature, individualism holds that the interests of the normal adult are best served by allowing him maximum freedom and responsibility for choosing his objectives and the means for obtaining them. The institutional embodiment of individualism follows from these principles. All individualists believe that government should keep its interference in the lives of individuals at a minimum, confining itself largely to maintaining law and order, preventing individuals from interfering with others, and enforcing agreements (contracts) voluntarily arrived at. Individualism also implies a property system according to which each person or family enjoys the maximum of opportunity to acquire property and to manage and dispose of it as he or they see fit. Although economic individualism and political individualism in the form of democracy advanced together for a while, in the course of the 19th century they eventually proved incompatible, as newly enfranchised voters came to demand governmental intervention in the economic process. Individualistic ideas lost ground in the later 19th and early 20th century with the rise of large-scale social organization and the emergence of political theories opposed to individualism, particularly communism and fascism. They reemerged in the latter half of the 20th century with the defeat of fascism, the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, and the worldwide spread of representative democracy. See also libertarianism

The quality of being individual; individuality; personality

A belief system that places great importance on the ability of people to act as individuals

The degree to which a society values personal goals, autonomy, and privacy over group loyalty, commitment to group norms, involvement in collective activities, social cohesiveness, and intense socialization; ethical decisions based on individualism promote individual self-interest as long as it does not harm others

The belief that individual's rights and well being are more important than the group The belief that the group will ensure its own well being by ensuring the well being of each of its members

a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence

Genus: A view of the individuals position in society Differentia: Society is merely a sum of individuals

The principle, policy, or practice of maintaining individuality, or independence of the individual, in action; the theory or practice of maintaining the independence of individual initiative, action, and interests, as in industrial organization or in government

an approach to ethics, social science and political and social philosophy which emphasizes the importance of human individuals in contrast to the social wholes, such as families, classes or societies, to which they belong In different contexts, individualism is contrasted to holism and collectivism Metaphysical individualism claims that social objects like societies can be reduced to individuals Methodological individualism does not make metaphysical claims, but rather constrains the ways we explain social action

A philosophy of life stressing the priority of individual needs over group needs, a preference for loosely knit social relationships, and a desire to be relatively autonomous of others' influence

{i} theory which emphasizes the rights and independence of the individual; independent thought and action; individuality

the quality of being individual; "so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality"

the tendency to emphasize the personal interests and welfare of the individual over those of the group

The basic moral premise that only individuals can act, benefit and suffer. The opposite of collectivism, which holds that abstract groups or transcendent entities can act, benefit or suffer, necessitating an abstract structure (such as the state) to support these groups or entities

the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs

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