born Nov. 18, 1906, New York, N.Y., U.S. died April 12, 1997, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. biochemist. He taught at Harvard University from 1934-77. His outstanding contributions were on the importance of vitamin A, the mechanisms of the photochemical reactions in the rod cells that enable night vision, and the identification of the colour-sensitive pigments in the cone cells (see photoreception; retina). He shared the Nobel Prize in 1967 with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Arthur Granit. He was a prominent opponent of the Vietnam War