born Jan. 8, 1823, Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales died Nov. 7, 1913, Broadstone, Dorset, Eng. British naturalist. Though trained as a surveyor and architect, he became interested in botany and traveled to the Amazon in 1848 to collect specimens. In 1854-62 he toured the Malay Archipelago, augmenting his collection. His observations of the islands led to his developing a theory of the origin of species through natural selection independently of, and simultaneously with, Charles Darwin, though Darwin developed his own theory in much greater detail, provided far more evidence for it, and was mainly responsible for its acceptance. Unlike Darwin, Wallace insisted that the higher mental capacities of humans could not have arisen by natural selection but that some nonbiological agency must have been responsible. He hypothesized a boundary (Wallace's line) running between the islands of the Malay Archipelago, between the Oriental and Australasian faunal regions, many animals abundant on one side being absent on the other. In the realm of public policy he supported socialism, pacifism, land nationalization, and women's suffrage. His works include Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection (1870), Geographical Distribution of Animals (2 vol., 1876), and Darwinism (1889)
American religious leader who founded (1884) the sect now called Jehovah's Witnesses. Irish writer and nationalist who was a leader of the Irish literary renaissance at the turn of the 20th century. American astronomer who developed a theory of stellar evolution and devised the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. British politician who served as prime minister (1846-1852 and 1865-1866) and advocated parliamentary reform. American entertainer known for her roles in comic operas. A peak, 4,296.8 m (14,088 ft) high, of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California. American basketball player and coach. A center for the Boston Celtics (1956-1969), he led the team to 11 National Basketball Association championships (1957-1965 and 1968-1969). George William Russell Baker Russell Wayne Banks Russell Bentley Eric Russell Browder Earl Russell Hertzsprung Russell diagram Hulse Russell Alan Lowell James Russell Andrew Russell Harold Adrian Russell Russell Cave National Monument Russell family Russell Bertrand Arthur William 3rd Earl Russell Russell Bill William Felton Russell Russell Charles Taze Russell of Kingston Russell John Russell 1st Earl Russell Lillian Russell William Russell Lord Sage Russell
(1867-1935) United States astronomer who developed a theory of stellar evolution (1877-1957) United States entertainer remembered for her roles in comic operas (1861-1922) United States basketball center (born in 1934) English film director (born in 1927) United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)