porcelain

Определение porcelain в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: anything manufactured from this material; a hard, white, translucent ceramic that is made by firing kaolin and other materials; china; {n} china ware, an herb; A hard, fine-grained, sonorous, nonporous, and usually translucent and white ceramic ware that consists essentially of kaolin, quartz, and feldspar and is fired at high temperatures Clay, types of molding compounds, and how we use them; A glassy white, vitrified ceramic with a degree of translucency, extreme hardness and a very fine surface, ideal in color and texture for decorating Porcelain is fired at temperatures above 1350°C Glazed items present a hard, shiny, glass-like surface Unglazed items have a non-shiny finish known as bisque Because of its strength, porcelain wares are made with a thin cross-section The first European porcelain was made by Johann Friedrich Boettger in Dresden in 1708; {i} type of hard white ceramic produced using a special process; hard, translucent clayware usually consisting of 50% kaolin, 25% quartz, and 25% feldspar Kaolin provides plasticity, durability, and consistency and influences the whiteness of the body; quartz provides stability; and feldspar provides vitrification; A hard, translucent clayware body that differs from china only in the manufacturing process In all other aspects, the two are so much alike that the terms are generally used interchangeably; A hardy clay body which is glasseous white and sometimes translucent; a hard, translucent, clayware body that differs very slightly from china in ingredients and manufacturing process In most respects the two are so much alike that the term may be used interchangeably; A type of high fire ceramic tile made of finely ground clays, pressed under pressure to produce an execptionally stong, non porous bisque; The purest form of kaolin clay mixed with feldspar and quartz to be fired at high temperatures to produce ceramic objects of white, hard and translucent appearance; a hard, high-fired, fine-grained clay body which is glassy-white and sometimes translucent; A porcelain is an ornament that is made of porcelain. You can refer to a number of such ornaments as porcelain. a priceless collection of English porcelain. Vitrified pottery with a white, fine-grained body that is usually translucent. It was first made in China during the Tang dynasty (618-907) and in its advanced form during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368). The three main types are true (or hard-paste) porcelain, artificial (or soft-paste) porcelain, and bone china. Attempts by medieval European potters to imitate true porcelain led to the discovery of soft-paste porcelain, which can be cut with a file. The secret of true porcelain was discovered 1707 in Saxony. Standard English bone china was produced 1800 when Josiah Spode II (1754-1827) added calcined bones to the hard-paste porcelain formula. Hard-paste porcelain, though strong, chips more readily than bone china. See also Bow porcelain; Chantilly porcelain; Chelsea porcelain; Meissen porcelain; Nymphenburg porcelain; Saint-Cloud porcelain; Sèvres porcelain; stoneware. Bow porcelain Chantilly porcelain Chelsea porcelain Meissen porcelain Nymphenburg porcelain Saint Cloud porcelain Sèvres porcelain; > The generally accepted definition of porcelain is that of a white, vitrified, translucent ceramic, fired to a temperature of at least 1280oC The body of most Chinese porcelain is made from a mixture of China clay and China stone, and the body and glaze are usually fired together in a single firing, forming an integrated body/glaze layer; ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic; An off-white clay that is very low in impurities, it is fired at high temperatures, between 1330C and 1500C Generally translucent and delicate-looking it is often decorated in pastel shades; A durable, non-absorbent ceramic that is fired at the highest kiln temperatures; A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and America; called also China, or China ware; a special type of clay either white or grey, to which kaolin (a white firing stiff clay) and white China stone (finely decayed granite, washed and prepared as small white blocks) is added When fired at temperatures of 1,280°C and over (up to 1,400°C was achieved by the Chinese), the body vitrifies, ie it becomes completely impermeable Glazes can be applied for the first firing, or the vessel can be decorated with a low-firing glaze and put back into the kiln a second time; A fine grade of clay that is fired at a high temperature It is translucent in texture and is usually non porous in the fired state; Purslain; A clay body which, when fired, becomes very mature and usually translucent Porcelain is normally quite white and fires to a very smooth pleasant surface Porcelain clays lack iron impurities and are ground to very fine particle sizes Plastic porcelain clays tend to be shorter than their stoneware or earthenware counterparts Porcelain casting slips achieve the whitest and most translucent results; Fine ground white clay, molded and fired in an oven for eight hours at 1200 degrees Finished with a glazed, underglazed, or "bisque" finish Bisque is a matte finish without glaze After finishing, the item is "cooked" for six hours at 800 degrees; Introduced in Europe by Marco Polo after his excursions to China, true porcelain is a very high-fired (2300+ F) white ware, which, when thin enough, has a translucent quality At these high temperatures, the body and the glaze mature together, creating a thick bonding layer This gives porcelain great strength and durability Due to many difficulties of working with porcelain, several imitations have been developed These are referred to as china, bone china, and sometimes erroneously as porcelain Although they may not have the same high qualities as true porcelain, they may be perfectly adequate for use and will most likely be less expensive See also china, bone china, earthenware, stoneware; Porcelain is a hard, shiny substance made by heating clay. It is used to make delicate cups, plates, and ornaments. There were lilies everywhere in tall white porcelain vases; A white highly vitrified clay body that is translucent where thin (often fired up to 1350oC, 2462oF) The translucency is a result of silica glass fused into the fired clay To achieve this a high amount of flux is added to a kaolin based clay body The flux to clay ratio is often flux > clay, indeed some of the original Chinese porcelains had as little as 20% clay like minerals The low clay content makes porcelain very difficult to throw and trimming wares is almost unavoidable At the home of porcelain, Jingdezhen (China), all the pots are throw in small thick sections, joined and trimmed Accurate trimming is regarded as more of a skillful art than throwing The plasticity of porcelain can be improved by small additions (2%) of white bentonite; Material created by fusing ceramics at high temperatures so that a hard substance/glass is formed resembling tooth enamel; vitreous (glass-like) pale gray to white clay body consisting of primary clay (kaolin/china clay) and fired up to cone 14 or higher and are non-absorbent and have a high ring Porcelains are extremely dense and when very thin, i e wall thickness, usually demonstrate a degree of translucency; A vitrified, white and translucent ware fired at 1300 C (2372 F ) plus At this temperature, the body and glaze mature together to create a very thick body-glaze layer First made by the Chinese in the 8th century; - a vitrified, fine white clay, quartz, and feldspar mixture that has a hard surface; hard porcelain is fired to about 1450°C (2650°F) while soft porcelain is fired to about 1200°C (2200°F); compare with stoneware and pottery; (German-Porzellan) - True porcelain, known as hard paste, is made of Kaolin (white clay) and Petuntse (pulverized granite) When fired at a temperature of 1,300° - 1,400°C, these ingredients produce a white, more or less translucent, glasslike material
porcelain bus: A toilet bowl
2005: DON'T trade the tour bus for the porcelain bus. You can eat, drink and be merry – not sorry – when overseas. — Escape Magazine travel advice.
porcelain buses: plural form of porcelain bus
porcelain god: A commode; a toilet
She is deeply religious; he worships the porcelain god.
porcelain enamel: A glass coating fired on metal. Also called vitreous enamel
drive the porcelain bus: To vomit, especially while drunk or hung over
pray to the porcelain god: To vomit into a toilet
bow to the porcelain altar: (deyim) Vomit, especially as a result of drinking too much alcohol. (The porcelain altar is a euphemism for a toilet bowl.)
1. He spent the whole night bowing to the porcelain altar. 2. I have the feeling that I will be bowing to the porcelain altar before morning.
Bow porcelain: English soft-paste porcelain made at a factory in Stratford-le-Bow, Essex, 1744-76. From 1750 bone ash was used in its production by Thomas Frye, an Irish engraver, who invented the process. Bow varies in appearance and quality, but at its best has a soft, creamy-white tone with a smooth glaze. Bow tablewares were among the first English porcelain to be ornamented with transfer-printed decorations (see Battersea enamelware). Bow also produced great quantities of figurines (e.g., statesmen, actors, birds, animals) in the Rococo style
Chantilly porcelain: Either of two types of soft-paste porcelain produced from 1725 to 1800 at Chantilly, France. In the first type, made until 1750, an opaque, milk-white tin glaze was applied to a yellowish ground; the designs were simplified Japanese patterns. In the second type ( 1750-1800), a traditional transparent lead glaze was applied over a coloured ground; the designs were influenced by Meissen and Sèvres porcelain. Production consisted primarily of domestic ware (plates, basins, jugs) with painted decoration in a limited palette. The motifs were often small flower bouquets, known as Chantilly sprigs, or scrolls and plaits
Chelsea porcelain: Soft-paste porcelain made in the London borough of Chelsea. The factory, established 1743, produced its greatest wares tableware and bird figures, with designs inspired by Meissen porcelain and marked with a raised anchor on an oval medallion from 1750 to 1752. Later marks used were the red anchor (1752-58) and the gold anchor (1758-70). Production from 1770 to 1784, when the factory was maintained by William Duesbury of Derby, is known as Chelsea-Derbyware. Reproductions and forgeries are numerous
Meissen porcelain: German hard-paste, or true, porcelain produced at the Meissen factory, near Dresden in Saxony (now Germany), from 1710 until the present day. It was the first successfully produced true porcelain in Europe and dominated the style of European porcelain until 1756. The high point of the Meissen factory was reached after 1731 with the modeling of Johann Joachim Kandler. The onion pattern, introduced 1739, was widely copied. Meissen porcelain is marked with crossed blue swords
Nymphenburg porcelain: German hard-paste, or true, porcelain produced in Bavaria from the mid-18th century to the present day. Its fame rests on its figures, particularly those in the Rococo style modeled between 1754 and 1763 by Franz Anton Bustelli (1723-1763). Tableware and vases produced at the factory in Nymphenburg, on the outskirts of Munich, often contain ozier, or basketwork, pattern borders
Saint-Cloud porcelain: Soft-paste porcelain made in Saint-Cloud, France, from the last quarter of the 17th century until 1766. Much of the yellowish or creamy off-white porcelain was influenced by late Ming Chinese white porcelain hence the plum-blossom decoration molded in low relief and figures in the Chinese manner
Sèvres porcelain: French hard-paste, or true, porcelain, as well as soft-paste porcelain, made at the royal (now national) factory of Sèvres from 1756 until the present. After the decline of Meissen porcelain after 1756, Sèvres became the leading porcelain factory in Europe, thanks in large part to the patronage of Louis XV's mistress, Madame de Pompadour, who involved the foremost artists of the day (e.g., François Boucher and Étienne-Maurice Falconet) in the enterprise. Sèvres porcelain is famous for many styles and techniques, including white figures representing cupids, shepherdesses, or nymphs and the embellishment of grounds with minute patterns in gold
satsuma porcelain: type of Japanese porcelain from the Satsuma province

porcelain

Расстановка переносов

porce·lain

Турецкое произношение

pôrsılın

Произношение

/ˈpôrsələn/ /ˈpɔːrsələn/

Этимология

() From French porcelaine 'cowrie, chinaware', from Italian porcellana 'cowrie, chinaware', from porcella, the mussel and cockle shells which painters put their pigments in, literally 'female piglet'.

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porcelain

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