roman empire

İngilizce - Türkçe

roman empire teriminin İngilizce Türkçe sözlükte anlamı: roma imparatorluğu
Holy Roman Empire: Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu
the Roman Empire: Roma İmparatorluğu

İngilizce - İngilizce

roman empire teriminin İngilizce İngilizce sözlükte anlamı: An empire that used to exist between 85 BCE and 476 CE; it encompassed territories stretching from Britain and Germany to North Africa and the Persian Gulf; An empire that succeeded the Roman Republic during the time of Augustus, who ruled from 27; At its greatest extent it encompassed territories stretching from Britain and Germany to North Africa and the Persian Gulf. After 395 it was split into the Byzantine Empire and the Western Roman Empire, which rapidly sank into anarchy under the onslaught of barbarian invaders from the north and east. The last emperor of the West, Romulus Augustulus (born c. 461), was deposed by Goths in 476, the traditional date for the end of the empire. the countries of Europe, north Africa, and western Asia that were ruled by the ancient Romans from around 44 BC until AD 395, when the empire was divided into two parts. The Western Roman Empire continued until 476, and the Eastern Roman Empire continued until the 15th century. Holy Roman Empire, the; early empire which ruled over countries around the Mediterranean Sea; an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome
Holy Roman Empire: A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 CE until 1806
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: a series of six historical books written by Edward Gibbon, which tell the story of the Roman Empire from the 1st century AD to the 15th century. It is one of the greatest historical works ever written in English (1776-88)
Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantine Empire, successor to the Roman Empire after the separation of the eastern and western sections of the empire in 395 AD (lasted till 1453 AD)
Holy Roman Empire: A loosely federated European political entity that began with the papal coronation of the German king Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and lasted until Francis II's renunciation of the title at the instigation of Napoleon in 1806. The empire was troubled by papal-secular squabbles over authority and after the 13th century by the rising ambitions of nationalistic states. By 1273 the empire consisted primarily of the Hapsburg domains in Austria and Spain. a group of European states which included parts of France, Germany, Austria, and Italy, and which were ruled by an emperor. It was established by Charlemagne in 800, and continued until 1806. For most of the period from the 13th century to the 19th century, its ruling family were the Hapsburgs. German Heiliges Römisches Reich Realm of varying extent in medieval and modern western and central Europe. Traditionally believed to have been established by Charlemagne, who was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III in 800, the empire lasted until the renunciation of the imperial title by Francis II in 1806. The reign of the German Otto I (the Great), who greatly enlarged the empire and revived the imperial title after Carolingian decline, is sometimes regarded as the beginning of the empire. The name Holy Roman Empire (not adopted until the reign of Frederick I Barbarossa) reflected Charlemagne's claim that his empire was the successor of the Roman Empire and that this temporal power was augmented by his status as God's principal vicar in the temporal realm (parallel to the pope's in the spiritual realm). The empire's core consisted of Germany, Austria, Bohemia, and Moravia. Switzerland, the Netherlands, and northern Italy sometimes formed part of it; France, Poland, Hungary, and Denmark were initially included, and Britain and Spain were nominal components. From the mid-11th century the emperors engaged in a great struggle with the papacy for dominance, and, particularly under the powerful Hohenstaufen dynasty (1138-1254), they fought with the popes over control of Italy. Rudolf I became the first Habsburg emperor in 1273, and from 1438 the Habsburg dynasty held the throne permanently. Until 1356 the emperor was chosen by the German princes; thereafter he was formally elected by the electors. Outside their personal hereditary domains, emperors shared power with the imperial diet. During the Reformation the German princes largely defected to the Protestant camp, opposing the Catholic emperor, and, after 1562, emperors were no longer crowned by the pope. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Peace of Westphalia recognized the individual sovereignty of the empire's states; the empire thereafter became a loose federation of states and the title of emperor principally honorific. In the 18th century, issues of imperial succession resulted in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. The greatly weakened empire was brought to an end by the victories of Napoleon. See also Guelphs and Ghibellines; Investiture Controversy; Concordat of Worms
Roman Republic and Empire: Ancient state that once ruled the Western world. It centred on the city of Rome from the founding of the republic (509 BC) through the establishment of the empire (27 BC) to the final eclipse of the empire in the west (5th century AD). The republic's government consisted of two consuls, the Senate, and magistrates, originally all patricians, and two popular plebeian assemblies: the military centuriate assembly and the civilian tribal assembly. A written code, the Law of the Twelve Tables (451 BC), became the basis of Roman private law. By the end of the 3rd century BC, Roman territory included all of Italy; by the late republican period it encompassed most of western Europe, northern Africa, and the Near East, organized into provinces. After a period of civil war, Julius Caesar took power as dictator. Following his assassination (44 BC), conflict among the triumvirs Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian ultimately resulted in Octavian's victory (31) and his accession as Emperor Augustus (r. 27 BC-AD 14). The imperial government, a principate, combined aspects of the republic and a monarchy. In AD 395 the empire split into eastern and western halves, with the west under severe pressure from the barbarians. Rome was sacked in 410 by the Visigoths, and the western empire fell to German invaders in 476; the east continued as the Byzantine Empire until 1453. See table
The Roman Empire: Rome
holy roman empire: the lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe
western roman empire: the western part after the Roman Empire was divided in 395; it lasted only until 476