born March 13, 1926/7, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Arg. Civilian president of Argentina (1983-89). He took a degree in law and founded a newspaper before entering politics in 1953. After Argentina lost the Falkland Islands War, the discredited military permitted free elections, and Alfonsín defeated the Peronist candidate. He prosecuted members of the armed forces for human rights violations, but military pressure (including several armed revolts) led him to pardon most convicted officers. His presidency was plagued by high inflation, a huge national debt, labour disputes, and a discontented military. Constitutionally barred from a second term, he was succeeded by Carlos Menem
born April 17, 1901, Tucumán, Arg. died April 29, 1986, Las Vertientes, near Santiago, Chile Argentine economist and statesman. Serving in various positions in Argentine government and academia, he advised developing countries to stimulate domestic manufacturing to reduce their reliance on imports and thus their dependence on the industrialized nations. He also advocated the economic integration of Latin America to achieve economies of scale and land reform to reduce the income inequalities that impeded the growth of the domestic market. As the influential head of the UN's Economic Commission for Latin America, he addressed inequities in the trade relationships between wealthy and poor nations
born March 13, 1926/7, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Arg. Civilian president of Argentina (1983-89). He took a degree in law and founded a newspaper before entering politics in 1953. After Argentina lost the Falkland Islands War, the discredited military permitted free elections, and Alfonsín defeated the Peronist candidate. He prosecuted members of the armed forces for human rights violations, but military pressure (including several armed revolts) led him to pardon most convicted officers. His presidency was plagued by high inflation, a huge national debt, labour disputes, and a discontented military. Constitutionally barred from a second term, he was succeeded by Carlos Menem
born Feb. 22, 1895, Trujillo, Peru died Aug. 2, 1979, Lima Peruvian political theorist and activist. The son of wealthy parents, in 1914 he founded APRA, a left-of-centre reformist party. He ran for president repeatedly but was always thwarted by the military and other conservative forces. He spent much of his life in prison, exile, or hiding, influencing Peruvian politics through his underground activities and writings. See also indigenismo