eugène

İngilizce - İngilizce

eugène teriminin İngilizce İngilizce sözlükte anlamı

Atget Jean Eugène Auguste Beauharnais Eugène de Berthelot Pierre Eugène Marcellin Boudin Eugène Cavaignac Louis Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Eugène Victor Dolmetsch Eugène Arnold Duparc Marie Eugène Henri Eugène Grindel François Eugène prince de Savoie Carignan Eugène Alexandre Péréthon Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Haussmann Georges Eugène Ionesco Eugène Messiaen Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Robert Houdin Jean Eugène Jean Eugène Robert Rostand Edmond Eugène Scribe Augustin Eugène Simon Claude Eugène Henri Sorel Georges Eugène Viollet le Duc Eugène Emmanuel

İlgili Terimler

Eugene

A male given name

Eoghan (Owen) is frequently Eugene, and our own O'Curry, though he plucked up courage to prefix the O' to his name in later life, never discarded the Eugene, which, however, is far from being a monstrosity like most of our West-Britonized names.

Eugene

A town in Oregon

Eugene

given name, male

Eugene

town in Oregon

Eugene

City (pop., 2000: 137,893), western Oregon, U.S. Located on the Willamette River, it was settled by Eugene Skinner in 1846. Named Eugene City in 1853, it grew as an agricultural and lumber centre with the arrival of the railroad in 1870. It is the site of the University of Oregon (founded 1872) and Northwest Christian College (1895). It is a tourist centre for the MacKenzie River recreational area and Willamette National Forest. Aldrin Edwin Eugene Jr. Debs Eugene Victor Edgerton Harold Eugene Eugene of Savoy Louis Eugene Walcott Genovese Eugene Dominick Eugene Alden Hackman Eugene Curran Kelly Roger Eugene Maris McCarthy Eugene Joseph O'Neill Eugene Gladstone Opie Eugene Lindsay Ormandy Eugene Harold Eugene Roach Eugene Wesley Roddenberry Eugene Saraceni Smith William Eugene Nathan Eugene Toomer Eugene Luther Vidal Wigner Eugene Paul Wilson Lanford Eugene

Eugene

{i} male first name; family name; city in Oregon (USA)

eugene

a city in eastern Oregon on the Willamette River; site of a university Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

eugene

a city in eastern Oregon on the Willamette River; site of a university

eugene

Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

Eugene D Genovese

born May 19, 1930, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. historian. He earned a doctorate at Columbia University and taught at Rutgers, Columbia, Cambridge, and elsewhere. He is known for his writings on the American Civil War and slavery, especially Roll, Jordan, Roll (1974) and The Slaveholders' Dilemma (1992). He advanced his argument in A Consuming Fire: The Fall of the Confederacy in the Mind of the White Christian South (1998)

Eugene Debs

born Nov. 5, 1855, Terre Haute, Ind., U.S. died Oct. 20, 1926, Elmhurst, Ill. U.S. labour organizer. Debs left home at age 14 to work in the railroad shops. As a locomotive fireman, he became an early advocate of industrial unionism, and he became president of the American Railway Union in 1893. His involvement in the Pullman Strike led to a six-month prison term in 1895. In 1898 he helped found the U.S. Socialist Party; he would run as its presidential candidate five times (1900-20). In 1905 he helped found the Industrial Workers of the World. Debs was charged with sedition in 1918 after denouncing the 1917 Espionage Act; he conducted his last presidential campaign from prison, winning 915,000 votes before being released by presidential order in 1921

Eugene Delacroix

(1798-1863) French Romantic painter and lithographer, creator of "The Bark of Dante" and "Women of Algiers

Eugene Dominick Genovese

born May 19, 1930, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. historian. He earned a doctorate at Columbia University and taught at Rutgers, Columbia, Cambridge, and elsewhere. He is known for his writings on the American Civil War and slavery, especially Roll, Jordan, Roll (1974) and The Slaveholders' Dilemma (1992). He advanced his argument in A Consuming Fire: The Fall of the Confederacy in the Mind of the White Christian South (1998)

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill

born Oct. 16, 1888, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 27, 1953, Boston, Mass. U.S. playwright. The son of a touring actor, he spent an itinerant youth as a seaman, heavy drinker, and derelict, then began writing plays while recovering from tuberculosis (1912). His one-act Bound East for Cardiff (1916) was produced by the experimental Provincetown Players, which also staged his other early plays (1916-20). Beyond the Horizon was produced on Broadway in 1920, earning him his first Pulitzer Prize. Enormously prolific, he often wrote about tortured family relationships and the conflict between idealism and materialism. Soon recognized as a major dramatist, he became widely translated and produced. His many plays of the 1920s include The Emperor Jones (1921), The Hairy Ape (1922), Anna Christie (1922; Pulitzer Prize), Desire Under the Elms (1925), The Great God Brown (1926), and Strange Interlude (1928; Pulitzer Prize). Among his later plays are Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), Ah! Wilderness (1933; his only comedy), The Iceman Cometh (1946), and the autobiographical Long Day's Journey into Night (produced 1956; Pulitzer Prize), considered his masterpiece. O'Neill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, the first U.S. playwright so honoured

Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin

{i} Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), French post-impressionist painter known for use of color

Eugene J McCarthy

born March 29, 1916, Watkins, Minn., U.S. U.S. politician. He taught at the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minn., before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1949-59) and later the Senate (1959-71). A liberal Democrat, he became an outspoken critic of the Vietnam War. In 1968 he ran for the Democratic Party presidential nomination. His initial successes convinced Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson not to seek reelection. After losing the nomination to Hubert H. Humphrey, McCarthy decided not to run for reelection to the Senate. He made another unsuccessful attempt at the Democratic nomination in 1972 and ran unsuccessfully for president as an independent in 1976

Eugene Joseph McCarthy

born March 29, 1916, Watkins, Minn., U.S. U.S. politician. He taught at the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minn., before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1949-59) and later the Senate (1959-71). A liberal Democrat, he became an outspoken critic of the Vietnam War. In 1968 he ran for the Democratic Party presidential nomination. His initial successes convinced Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson not to seek reelection. After losing the nomination to Hubert H. Humphrey, McCarthy decided not to run for reelection to the Senate. He made another unsuccessful attempt at the Democratic nomination in 1972 and ran unsuccessfully for president as an independent in 1976

Eugene Lindsay Opie

born July 5, 1873, Staunton, Va., U.S. died March 12, 1971, Bryn Mawr, Pa. U.S. pathologist. He received his M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Early in his career, he correctly deduced that degenerative changes in the islets of Langerhans caused diabetes mellitus and theorized that blockage of the junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts caused acute pancreatitis. He later showed that tuberculosis (TB) was spread by contact, including from one family member to another. His work led to use of X-ray films to detect asymptomatic TB, the sputum test to predict the chance of its spread, and injection of heat-killed tubercle bacilli to prevent infection

Eugene O'Neill

a US writer of plays, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. His plays include The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night (1888-1953). born Oct. 16, 1888, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 27, 1953, Boston, Mass. U.S. playwright. The son of a touring actor, he spent an itinerant youth as a seaman, heavy drinker, and derelict, then began writing plays while recovering from tuberculosis (1912). His one-act Bound East for Cardiff (1916) was produced by the experimental Provincetown Players, which also staged his other early plays (1916-20). Beyond the Horizon was produced on Broadway in 1920, earning him his first Pulitzer Prize. Enormously prolific, he often wrote about tortured family relationships and the conflict between idealism and materialism. Soon recognized as a major dramatist, he became widely translated and produced. His many plays of the 1920s include The Emperor Jones (1921), The Hairy Ape (1922), Anna Christie (1922; Pulitzer Prize), Desire Under the Elms (1925), The Great God Brown (1926), and Strange Interlude (1928; Pulitzer Prize). Among his later plays are Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), Ah! Wilderness (1933; his only comedy), The Iceman Cometh (1946), and the autobiographical Long Day's Journey into Night (produced 1956; Pulitzer Prize), considered his masterpiece. O'Neill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, the first U.S. playwright so honoured

Eugene O'neill

(1888-1953) American playwright and winner of the Nobel and Pulitzer prize

Eugene Ormandy

In 1921 he went to New York City, where he played in and conducted a theatre orchestra; he gained national prominence as conductor of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (1931-36). He shared conductorship of the Philadelphia Orchestra with Leopold Stokowski for two years before becoming sole conductor in 1938, and he led the orchestra until he was made laureate in 1980. Ormandy shaped the orchestra's sound by developing the lush, velvety string colour that became its trademark, and the orchestra made scores of recordings under him

Eugene Ormandy

orig. Jenö Ormandy Blau born Nov. 18, 1899, Budapest, Austria-Hungary died March 12, 1985, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. Hungarian-born U.S. conductor. A violin prodigy, he became professor of violin at the Budapest Royal Academy at age

Eugene Paul Wigner

orig. Jenó Pál Wigner born Nov. 17, 1902, Budapest, Hung. died Jan. 1, 1995, Princeton, N.J., U.S. Hungarian-born U.S. physicist. After studies at the University of Berlin, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1930 and joined the faculty of Princeton University. He was instrumental in getting the Manhattan Project started and was present when Enrico Fermi initiated the first chain reaction. He determined that the nuclear force is short-range and does not involve an electric charge, using group theory to investigate atomic structure. His name was given to several formulations, including the Breit-Wigner formula, which describes resonant nuclear reactions. He won a 1963 Nobel Prize (shared with Maria Mayer and Hans Jensen [1907-73], who won for unrelated work) for his insights into quantum mechanics, especially principles governing interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and his formulation of the law of conservation of parity (see conservation law). In addition to his many scientific awards, he received numerous awards for his work for peace

Eugene Victor Debs

born Nov. 5, 1855, Terre Haute, Ind., U.S. died Oct. 20, 1926, Elmhurst, Ill. U.S. labour organizer. Debs left home at age 14 to work in the railroad shops. As a locomotive fireman, he became an early advocate of industrial unionism, and he became president of the American Railway Union in 1893. His involvement in the Pullman Strike led to a six-month prison term in 1895. In 1898 he helped found the U.S. Socialist Party; he would run as its presidential candidate five times (1900-20). In 1905 he helped found the Industrial Workers of the World. Debs was charged with sedition in 1918 after denouncing the 1917 Espionage Act; he conducted his last presidential campaign from prison, winning 915,000 votes before being released by presidential order in 1921

Eugene Wigner

orig. Jenó Pál Wigner born Nov. 17, 1902, Budapest, Hung. died Jan. 1, 1995, Princeton, N.J., U.S. Hungarian-born U.S. physicist. After studies at the University of Berlin, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1930 and joined the faculty of Princeton University. He was instrumental in getting the Manhattan Project started and was present when Enrico Fermi initiated the first chain reaction. He determined that the nuclear force is short-range and does not involve an electric charge, using group theory to investigate atomic structure. His name was given to several formulations, including the Breit-Wigner formula, which describes resonant nuclear reactions. He won a 1963 Nobel Prize (shared with Maria Mayer and Hans Jensen [1907-73], who won for unrelated work) for his insights into quantum mechanics, especially principles governing interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and his formulation of the law of conservation of parity (see conservation law). In addition to his many scientific awards, he received numerous awards for his work for peace

Eugene of Savoy

He fought notably against the Turks in central Europe and the Balkans and against France in the War of the Grand Alliance and the War of the Spanish Succession. With his friend the duke of Marlborough, he won the important victory at the Battle of Blenheim (1704) and ousted the French from Italy. In 1718 he won a great triumph over the Turks, taking the city of Belgrade. He later served as governor in the Austrian Netherlands (1714-24). An outstanding strategist and an inspired leader, he was regarded as one of the greatest soldiers of his generation

Eugene of Savoy

orig. François-Eugène, prince de Savoie-Carignan born Oct. 18, 1663, Paris, France died April 24, 1736, Vienna, Austria French-Austrian general. Born in Paris, he was the son of the count de Soissons, of the house of Savoy-Carignan, and of Olympe Mancini (see Mancini family), niece of Jules Mazarin. Louis XIV severely restrained Eugene's ambitions, prompting him to leave France and enter the service of Emperor Leopold I. He later served Joseph I and Charles VI. He quickly distinguished himself in battle and advanced in rank to imperial field marshal at age

Eugène Arnold Dolmetsch

born Feb. 24, 1858, Le Mans, France died Feb. 28, 1940, Haslemere, Surrey, Eng. French-born British music scholar and performer. He moved to England after studying violin with Henri Vieuxtemps (1820-81). There he began collecting, repairing, and learning to play old instruments. He built copies of old lutes, clavichords, harpsichords, and recorders, ultimately involving his wife and children in the performance and promulgation of early music. His Interpretation of Music of the 17th and 18th Centuries (1915) was highly influential, and he is regarded as the father of the 20th-century early music revival

Eugène Atget

born Feb. 12, 1857, Libourne, near Bordeaux, France died Aug. 4, 1927, Paris French photographer. He began his adult life as an itinerant actor. Around age 30 he settled in Paris and became a photographer. The rest of Atget's life was spent recording everything he could that he considered picturesque or artistic in and around Paris. With an eye for strange and unsettling images, he made several series of photographs of iron grillwork, fountains, statues, and trees. He also photographed shop fronts, store windows, and poor tradespeople. His main clients were museums and historical societies that bought his photographs of historic buildings and monuments. After World War I he received a commission to document the brothels of Paris. Man Ray published four of Atget's photographs in La révolution surréaliste (1926), the only recognition he received in his lifetime. After his death, Ray, Berenice Abbott, and the art dealer Julien Lévy bought his remaining collection, which is now in the Museum of Modern Art

Eugène Boudin

{i} Louis Eugène Boudin (1824-1898), French painter who was one of the first landscape painters in France to paint in the open air

Eugène Boudin

born July 12, 1824, Honfleur, Fr. died Aug. 8, 1898, Deauville French landscape painter. Encouraged at an early age by Jean-François Millet, Boudin became a strong advocate of painting directly from nature. In 1874 he exhibited with the Impressionists, but, unlike those painters, he was not an innovator, and from 1863 to 1897 he exhibited regularly in the official Salon. His favourite subjects were beach scenes and seascapes, which show remarkable sensitivity to effects of atmosphere; on the backs of his paintings he recorded the weather, light, and time of day. His works link the careful naturalism of the mid 19th century and the brilliant colours and fluid brushwork of Impressionism

Eugène Delacroix

born April 26, 1798, Charenton-Saint-Maurice, France died Aug. 13, 1863, Paris French painter. As a young man he was strongly influenced by the Romanticism of the painter Théodore Géricault and the Polish-born composer and pianist Frédéric Chopin. In 1822 he exhibited the painting Dante and Virgil in Hell, a landmark in the development of French 19th-century Romanticism. In his subsequent choice of subjects, Delacroix often showed an affinity with Lord Byron and other Romantic poets of his time. His work was characterized by an uninhibited expression of energy and movement, a fascination with violence, destruction, and the more tragic aspects of life, and a sensuous use of colour. After his success at the Paris Salon, he was commissioned to decorate government buildings; he became one of the most distinguished monumental mural painters in the history of French art. He explored the new medium of lithography and in 1827 executed 17 lithographs for an edition of Faust. In 1830 he painted Liberty Leading the People to commemorate the July Revolution that brought Louis-Philippe to the French throne. His use of colour influenced the development of Impressionism

Eugène Ionesco

orig. Eugen Ionescu born Nov. 26, 1909, Slatina, Rom. died March 28, 1994, Paris, France Romanian-born French playwright. He studied in Bucharest and Paris, where he lived from 1945. His first one-act "antiplay," The Bald Soprano (1950), inspired a revolution in dramatic techniques and helped inaugurate the Theatre of the Absurd. He followed it with other one-act plays in which illogical events create an atmosphere both comic and grotesque, including The Lesson (1951), The Chairs (1952), and The New Tenant (1955). His most popular full-length play, Rhinoceros (1959), concerns a provincial French town in which all the citizens are metamorphosing into rhinoceroses. Other plays include Exit the King (1962) and A Stroll in the Air (1963). He was elected to the Académie Française in 1970

Eugène Scribe

born Dec. 24, 1791, Paris, France died Feb. 20, 1861, Paris French playwright and librettist. He wrote some 350 dramas, most of which proved extremely successful, and he became the most popular opera librettist of his time. His librettos include Gioacchino Rossini's Count Ory (1828), Vincenzo Bellini's The Sleepwalker (1831), Gaetano Donizetti's The Elixir of Love (1832), Giacomo Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots (1836), and Giuseppe Verdi's The Sicilian Vespers (1855)

Eugène de Beauharnais

born Sept. 3, 1781, Paris, France died Feb. 21, 1824, Munich, Bavaria French administrator and general. Son of Joséphine and Alexandre, viscount de Beauharnais, he became a useful military aide to his stepfather, Napoleon. In 1804 he received the title of prince and was appointed archchancellor of state. He was named Napoleon's viceroy in Italy (1805), where he reorganized public finances, built roads, and introduced the French legal system. As commander of the Italian army, he fought admirably in various conflicts. In 1814 he held out in Italy against the Austrians and the Neapolitans but was forced to conclude an armistice. He retired to the Bavarian court of his wife's family

Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc

born Jan. 27, 1814, Paris, France died Sept. 17, 1879, Lausanne, Switz. French Gothic Revival architect, restorer, and writer. After studying architecture and training as an archaeologist, he was placed in charge of restoring the abbey church at Vézelay (1840). He assisted in restoring the Sainte-Chapelle (1840) and Notre-Dame de Paris (1845) and supervised the restoration of many other medieval buildings, including Amiens Cathedral (1849) and the fortifications of Carcassonne (1852). In his later restorations he often added new elements of his own design, intrusions for which he was criticized in the 20th century. He is most distinguished for his writings, which include the Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle (1854-68) and Entretiens sur l'architecture (1858-72). His theories of rational architectural design linked the revivalism of the Romantic period to 20th-century Functionalism and influenced the architects of the Chicago School

Eugène-Henri- Paul Gauguin

born June 7, 1848, Paris, France died May 8, 1903, Atuona, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia French painter, sculptor, and printmaker. He spent his childhood in Lima (his mother was a Peruvian Creole). From 1872 to 1883 he was a successful stockbroker in Paris. He met Camille Pissarro about 1875, and he exhibited several times with the Impressionists. Disillusioned with bourgeois materialism, in 1886 he moved to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where he became the central figure of a group of artists known as the Pont-Aven school. Gauguin coined the term "Synthetism" to describe his style during this period, referring to the synthesis of his paintings' formal elements with the idea or emotion they conveyed. Late in October 1888 Gauguin traveled to Arles, in the south of France, to stay with Vincent van Gogh. The style of the two men's work from this period has been classified as Post-Impressionist because it shows an individual, personal development of Impressionism's use of colour, brushstroke, and nontraditional subject matter. Increasingly focused on rejecting the materialism of contemporary culture in favour of a more spiritual, unfettered lifestyle, in 1891 he moved to Tahiti. His works became open protests against materialism. He was an influential innovator; Fauvism owed much to his use of colour, and he inspired Pablo Picasso and the development of Cubism

Augustin Eugène Scribe

born Dec. 24, 1791, Paris, France died Feb. 20, 1861, Paris French playwright and librettist. He wrote some 350 dramas, most of which proved extremely successful, and he became the most popular opera librettist of his time. His librettos include Gioacchino Rossini's Count Ory (1828), Vincenzo Bellini's The Sleepwalker (1831), Gaetano Donizetti's The Elixir of Love (1832), Giacomo Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots (1836), and Giuseppe Verdi's The Sicilian Vespers (1855)

Claude -Eugène-Henri Simon

born Oct. 10, 1913, Tananarive, Madag. French writer. Captured while fighting in World War II, he escaped to join the French Resistance. He completed his first novel during the war. His works, mixing narration and stream of consciousness in densely constructed prose, are representative of the nouveau roman ("new novel"), or French antinovel, that emerged in the 1950s. Perhaps most important is the cycle comprising The Grass (1958), The Flanders Road (1960), The Palace (1962), and Histoire (1967), with its recurring characters and events. His other novels include The Wind (1957), Triptych (1973), and The Acacia (1989). He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1985

Edmond -Eugène Rostand

born April 1, 1868, Marseille, France died Dec. 2, 1918, Paris French playwright. He wrote poetry, essays, and plays for puppet theatre before his first stage play, The Red Glove, was performed in 1888. His most popular work is the heroic comedy Cyrano de Bergerac (1898), the story of an ugly, long-nosed soldier who despairs of winning the woman he loves and helps a friend woo her instead. A final, belated example of French Romantic drama, it was enormously successful internationally. He also wrote The Eaglet (1900) for Sarah Bernhardt

Edwin Eugene Jr. Aldrin

known as Buzz Aldrin born Jan. 20, 1930, Montclair, N.J., U.S. U.S. astronaut. He graduated from West Point and flew 66 combat missions in the Korean War. In 1963 he received a Ph.D. from MIT and was chosen as an astronaut. In 1966 he joined James A. Lovell, Jr. (b. 1928) on the four-day Gemini 12 flight. Aldrin's 5 1 2 -hour walk in space proved that humans can function effectively in the vacuum and weightlessness of space. In July 1969, on the Apollo 11 mission, he became the second human to walk on the Moon

Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix

{i} Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863), French Romantic painter and lithographer, creator of "The Bark of Dante" and "Women of Algiers

Ferdinand- Eugène -Victor Delacroix

born April 26, 1798, Charenton-Saint-Maurice, France died Aug. 13, 1863, Paris French painter. As a young man he was strongly influenced by the Romanticism of the painter Théodore Géricault and the Polish-born composer and pianist Frédéric Chopin. In 1822 he exhibited the painting Dante and Virgil in Hell, a landmark in the development of French 19th-century Romanticism. In his subsequent choice of subjects, Delacroix often showed an affinity with Lord Byron and other Romantic poets of his time. His work was characterized by an uninhibited expression of energy and movement, a fascination with violence, destruction, and the more tragic aspects of life, and a sensuous use of colour. After his success at the Paris Salon, he was commissioned to decorate government buildings; he became one of the most distinguished monumental mural painters in the history of French art. He explored the new medium of lithography and in 1827 executed 17 lithographs for an edition of Faust. In 1830 he painted Liberty Leading the People to commemorate the July Revolution that brought Louis-Philippe to the French throne. His use of colour influenced the development of Impressionism

Georges -Eugène Sorel

born Nov. 2, 1847, Cherbourg, France died Aug. 30, 1922, Boulogne-sur-Seine French author and revolutionary. Trained as a civil engineer, he was 40 before he became interested in social issues. He discovered Marxism in 1893 but was disgusted by what he saw as the left's exploitation of the Alfred Dreyfus affair. By 1902 he was an enthusiastic supporter of revolutionary syndicalism. Sorel's thought is characterized by a moralistic hatred of social decadence and resignation. He held that human nature was not innately good; he therefore concluded that a satisfactory society was not likely to evolve but would have to be brought about by revolutionary action. After 1909 Sorel became disenchanted with syndicalism, and with some hesitation he joined the monarchist movement, which sought to reestablish a traditional morality. After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Sorel declared himself for the Bolsheviks, who he thought might be capable of precipitating the moral regeneration of mankind. His most important work, Reflections on Violence (1908), develops his notion of violence as the revolutionary denial of the existing social order. Sorel's ideas were appropriated (and perverted) by Benito Mussolini, who used them in support of fascism

Georges-Eugène Haussmann

later Baron Haussmann born March 27, 1809, Paris, Fr. died Jan. 11, 1891, Paris French administrator and city planner. He entered the French civil service in 1831 and became prefect of the Seine department (1853-70). He inaugurated a wide-reaching program of municipal improvements in Paris, including a new water supply and sewage system, the creation of wide avenues through Paris's mass of small streets, the landscape gardening of the Bois de Boulogne, and the construction of the Paris Opéra and Les Halles market. Though the aesthetic merits of his creations are open to dispute, there is no doubt that as a town planner he exerted great influence on cities throughout the world

Harold Eugene Edgerton

born April 6, 1903, Fremont, Neb., U.S. died Jan. 4, 1990, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. electrical engineer and photographer. He was a graduate student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology when in 1926 he developed a flash tube that could produce high-intensity bursts of light in as little as 1/1,000,000 of a second; it is the flash device still used in photography today. Since it can also emit repeated bursts of light at regular brief intervals, it is an ideal stroboscope. With the new flash Edgerton was able to photograph such things as drops of milk falling into a saucer and bullets traveling at speeds of 15,000 mph (24,000 kph); the resulting images have been appreciated for their artistic beauty and their value to industry and science

James Eugene Carrey

{i} Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian-born American film actor

Jean- Eugène -Auguste Atget

born Feb. 12, 1857, Libourne, near Bordeaux, France died Aug. 4, 1927, Paris French photographer. He began his adult life as an itinerant actor. Around age 30 he settled in Paris and became a photographer. The rest of Atget's life was spent recording everything he could that he considered picturesque or artistic in and around Paris. With an eye for strange and unsettling images, he made several series of photographs of iron grillwork, fountains, statues, and trees. He also photographed shop fronts, store windows, and poor tradespeople. His main clients were museums and historical societies that bought his photographs of historic buildings and monuments. After World War I he received a commission to document the brothels of Paris. Man Ray published four of Atget's photographs in La révolution surréaliste (1926), the only recognition he received in his lifetime. After his death, Ray, Berenice Abbott, and the art dealer Julien Lévy bought his remaining collection, which is now in the Museum of Modern Art

Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin

orig. Jean-Eugène Robert born Dec. 6, 1805, Blois, France died June 13, 1871, St. Gervais, near Blois French magician, considered the father of modern conjuring. Trained as a watchmaker, he became a magician at the Palais-Royal (1845-55), performing on a bare stage in evening dress rather than the usual wizardlike costume. He used familiar objects to create his illusions, then gave a plausible explanation of the technical procedures involved. Robert-Houdin was the first magician to use electricity, and he exposed magicians who relied on supernatural explanations for their feats. In 1856 he was sent to Algeria by the French government to counter the influence of the dervishes, who were encouraging rebellion against French forces, by duplicating their feats

Lanford Eugene Wilson

born April 13, 1937, Lebanon, Mo., U.S. U.S. playwright. He began writing plays in 1962 and became cofounder and director of the Circle Repertory Company (1969-95), a regional theatre in New York City. His plays, which are known for their experimental staging, simultaneous dialogue, and deferred character exposition, include Lemon Sky (1970), the long-running hit The Hot l Baltimore (1973), The Mound Builders (1975), Talley's Folly (1979, Pulitzer Prize), Burn This (1987), and By the Sea (1996)

Louis Eugène Boudin

{i} (1824-1898) French painter who was one of the first landscape painters in France to paint in the open air

Louis-Eugène Cavaignac

born Oct. 15, 1802, Paris, France died Oct. 28, 1857, Sarthe French general. He served with distinction in the French conquest of Algeria in the 1840s. In the Revolutions of 1848 he was appointed minister of war. In June he suppressed a workers' revolt, becoming known as "the butcher of June" (see June Days). That month he was named chief executive of France. In December he lost the presidential election to Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III) but remained a leader of the opposition

Marie-Eugène- Henri Duparc

born Jan. 21, 1848, Paris, France died Feb. 12, 1933, Mont-de-Marsan French song composer. He studied music with César Franck while also studying law. His composing career lasted about 16 years; he stopped composing at age 36 for psychological reasons. Highly self-critical, he destroyed an incomplete opera and other works and acknowledged only 13 completed songs, including "L'Invitation au voyage," "Phidylé," "Testament," and "Extase," as his lifetime oeuvre. Almost all the songs, universally admired, were originally for voice and piano; he later orchestrated eight of them

Olivier -Eugène-Prosper-Charles Messiaen

Olivier Messiaen

Pierre-Eugène- Marcellin Berthelot

born Oct. 27, 1827, Paris, France died March 18, 1907, Paris French chemist. The first professor of organic chemistry at the Collège de France (from 1865), he later also held high government offices, including that of foreign minister (1895-96). He did research in alcohols and carboxylic acids, the synthesis of hydrocarbons, and reaction rates, studied the mechanism of explosion, discovered many coal-tar derivatives, and wrote on the history of early chemistry. He was a pioneer in the use of chemical analysis as a tool of archaeology. His work helped break down the traditional division between organic and inorganic compounds. He opposed the then-current idea that a "vital force" is responsible for synthesis and was one of the first to prove that all chemical phenomena depend on physical forces that can be measured

W Eugene Smith

born Dec. 20, 1918, Wichita, Kan., U.S. died Oct. 15, 1978, Tucson, Ariz. U.S. photojournalist. He worked as a photographer for local papers then went to New York City and worked for several magazines. In 1943-44, as a war correspondent for Life magazine, he covered many of the important battles of the Pacific theatre. He produced a number of photoessays for Life, such as Spanish Village (1951), a study of villagers' daily struggle to draw life from exhausted soil. His most famous picture, The Walk to Paradise Garden (1947), showing his own children entering a forest clearing, concluded the landmark photographic exhibition The Family of Man

William Eugene Smith

born Dec. 20, 1918, Wichita, Kan., U.S. died Oct. 15, 1978, Tucson, Ariz. U.S. photojournalist. He worked as a photographer for local papers then went to New York City and worked for several magazines. In 1943-44, as a war correspondent for Life magazine, he covered many of the important battles of the Pacific theatre. He produced a number of photoessays for Life, such as Spanish Village (1951), a study of villagers' daily struggle to draw life from exhausted soil. His most famous picture, The Walk to Paradise Garden (1947), showing his own children entering a forest clearing, concluded the landmark photographic exhibition The Family of Man

prince de Savoie-Carignan François-Eugène

He fought notably against the Turks in central Europe and the Balkans and against France in the War of the Grand Alliance and the War of the Spanish Succession. With his friend the duke of Marlborough, he won the important victory at the Battle of Blenheim (1704) and ousted the French from Italy. In 1718 he won a great triumph over the Turks, taking the city of Belgrade. He later served as governor in the Austrian Netherlands (1714-24). An outstanding strategist and an inspired leader, he was regarded as one of the greatest soldiers of his generation

prince de Savoie-Carignan François-Eugène

orig. François-Eugène, prince de Savoie-Carignan born Oct. 18, 1663, Paris, France died April 24, 1736, Vienna, Austria French-Austrian general. Born in Paris, he was the son of the count de Soissons, of the house of Savoy-Carignan, and of Olympe Mancini (see Mancini family), niece of Jules Mazarin. Louis XIV severely restrained Eugene's ambitions, prompting him to leave France and enter the service of Emperor Leopold I. He later served Joseph I and Charles VI. He quickly distinguished himself in battle and advanced in rank to imperial field marshal at age

Heceleme

Eu·gene

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yucin

Telaffuz

/yo͞oˈʤēn/ /juːˈʤiːn/

Etimoloji

[ yü-'jEn, 'yü-", F ] (biographical name.) From Ancient Greek εὐγένιος (eugenios, “well born”)