varna

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öğütlemek
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Alternative spelling of varna
A city in northeastern Bulgaria
any of the four original castes in Hinduism, or the system of such castes
Seaport city (pop., 2001: 314,539), Bulgaria, on the Black Sea coast. Founded as Odessus by Milesian Greeks in the 6th century BC, it later was Thracian, Macedonian, and Roman. In AD 681 it became part of the first Bulgarian empire ( 679-1018) and was named Varna. It came under Ottoman domination in 1391. In 1444 it was the scene of a battle between Turkish and Hungarian armies in which Wadysaw III, king of Poland and Hungary, was killed. Varna was ceded to Bulgaria by the 1878 Treaty of Berlin (see Congress of Berlin). It is an important administrative, economic, cultural, and resort centre. Shipbuilding and manufacturing are important industries. Any of the four traditional social classes of Hindu India. One of the hymns of the Rigveda declares that the Brahman, the Kshatriya, the Vaishya, and the Shudra issued forth at creation from the mouth, arms, thighs, and feet of Prajapati. Traditional lawmakers specified a set of obligations, observed mainly in theory only, to each varna: the Brahman, to study and advise; the Kshatriya, to protect; the Vaishya, to cultivate; and the Shudra, to serve. An unofficial fifth class, the pancama, was created to include certain untouchables and tribal groups falling outside this system. The relationship of the caste system to the class system is complex; individual castes, of which there are dozens, have sought to raise their social rank by identifying with a particular varna, demanding the associated privileges of rank and honour
Color; one of the four divisions of the Hindu society (i e , Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) based on hereditary occupations
H the system of four major castes
The Hindu word for caste (literally meaning "color") Traditionally there are four castes ranked from highest to lowest: the caste of priests and philosophers (brahmin or brahmana), the specialists of relations with ultimate reality; the caste of rulers and warriors (kshatrya), who function to guard and preserve the society; the caste of farmers and merchants (vaishya), who function to maintain the society economically; and manual laborers and artisans (shudra), who function to provide the common labor that makes society work Outside the caste structure are the "outcastes" or "untouchables," who function to carry out ritually impure activities
Class The four classes are Shudra, Vaishya, Kshatriya and Brahmin The four classes signify the four ways a seeker can serve God: by offering his body, wealth, life and knowledge (through the spread of Spirituality)
{i} caste group in Hindu society
(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis)
colour ; one of the four divisions of Hindu society (i e , Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) based on hereditary occupations
literally 'colour', the word for the four social values or class system in Hinduism
One of the four Vedic social-occupational divisions of society, distinguished by quality of work and situation with regard to the modes of nature (gunas) See also: Brahmana, Ksatriya, Vaisya and Sudra

Related Terms

Battle of Varna
v. (November 10, 1444) Turkish victory over the Hungarians that marked the end of the European effort to protect Constantinople. The Hungarians under Janos Hunyadi broke a truce and marched to Varna (in present-day Bulgaria), where they fought the Turks under Sultan Murad II and were defeated; the Hungarian king Ulászló I (also ruler of Poland) was killed in the battle. The victory enabled the Ottoman Empire to gain control of the Greek Peloponnese, conquer Constantinople (1453), and reabsorb Serbia (by 1459)
varna

    Hyphenation

    Var·na

    Pronunciation

    Etymology

    () From Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”), from verbal root √vṛ (“to choose, select”).
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