{i} Turkic language spoken in Turkmenistan and other regions surrounding the Caspian Sea, language of the Turkman people
Member of a Central Asian people belonging to the southwestern branch of the Turkic linguistic group. At the beginning of the 21st century, they numbered more than six million, and most lived in Turkmenistan and adjacent parts of Central Asia. A significant number also live in Iran and parts of Turkey and Afghanistan, and there are pockets of Turkmen in northern Iraq and Syria. Initially a nomadic pastoral people living in tent villages, many took up agriculture while under Soviet rule. Most are Muslim, and they have traditionally divided themselves by economic function. They are patrilineal, and each family or tribal group is headed by a khan
a republic in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of Kazakhstan and north of Iran; an Asian soviet from 1925 to 1991
a country in central Asia between Iran and Uzbekistan, formerly part of the Soviet Union. Population: 4,603,000 (2001). Capital: Ashkhabad. Country, Central Asia