born March 16, 1822, Bordeaux, France died May 25, 1899, Melun French animal painter. She was trained by her father, an art teacher, and began exhibiting regularly at the Paris Salon in 1841. Her unsentimental paintings of lions, tigers, horses, and other animals became very popular; The Horse Fair (1853) gained her an international reputation. A colourful personality, she dressed as a man to study horses at the actual Horse Fair in Paris, receiving formal permission from the police to do so. In 1865 she became the first woman to receive the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
{i} (1871-1919) born in Poland, German Jewish Marxist politician and revolutionary who was a socialist philosopher and cofounder of Spartacus party (assassinated in Berlin)
a German socialist leader, born in Poland. In 1892 she helped to start the Polish Socialist Party, and later the Spartacus League, a political group which became the German Communist Party. She was killed by soldiers during a protest organized by the Spartacus League (1871-1919). born March 5, 1871, Zamo, Pol., Russian Empire died Jan. 15, 1919, Berlin, Ger. Polish-born German political radical, intellectual, and author. As a Jew in Russian-controlled Poland, she was drawn early into underground political activism. In 1889 she fled to Zürich, Switz., where she obtained her doctorate. Having become involved in the international socialist movement, in 1892 she cofounded what would become the Polish Communist Party. The Russian Revolution of 1905 convinced her that the world revolution would originate in Russia. She advocated the mass strike as the proletariat's most important tool. Imprisoned in Warsaw for agitation, she then moved to Berlin to teach and write (1907-14). Early in World War I she cofounded the Spartacus League (see Spartacists), and in 1918 she oversaw its transformation into the German Communist Party; she was murdered during the Spartacus Revolt less than a month later. She believed in a democratic path to socialism after a world revolution to overthrow capitalism and opposed what she recognized as Vladimir Ilich Lenin's emerging dictatorship
on buses was not legal (1913- ) a black woman in the US who became famous in 1955 because she refused to give her seat on a bus to a white man. This action was illegal in the US state of Alabama and she was arrested by the police. As a result, Martin Luther King persuaded people not to use these buses, and in 1956 the US Supreme Court said that segregation (=keeping black people separate from white people). orig. Rosa McCauley born Feb. 4, 1913, Tuskegee, Ala., U.S. U.S. African American civil-rights activist. She worked as a seamstress in Montgomery, Ala., where she was active in the NAACP (1943-56). In 1955 she was arrested after refusing to give her seat on a public bus to a white man. The resultant boycott of the city's bus system, organized by Martin Luther King, Jr., and others, brought the civil rights movement to new prominence. In 1957 Parks moved to Detroit, where she was a staff assistant (1965-88) to U.S. Rep. John Conyers. She was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1999
{i} Rosa Louise Parks (1913-2005) black American woman who refused to give her bus seat to a white passenger in Alabama (sparked the end of segregation in buses and the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement)
Slang. Used in Workers' Compensation cases to mean covert surveillance video used to catch Workers' Compensation applicants and show that they are in fact not injured. Also spelled subrosa
born June 20, 1615, Arenella, Sicily, Spanish Habsburg died March 15, 1673, Rome, Papal States Italian painter and etcher. He studied in Naples, where he came under the influence of José de Ribera, but most of his career was spent in Rome, with an interlude in Florence under the patronage of a Medici cardinal. His landscapes, marine paintings, and battle scenes are known for their picturesquely wild, romantic qualities. A flamboyant personality, he was also an accomplished poet, satirist, actor, and musician
City (pop., 2000: 147,595), western California, U.S. Santa Rosa lies at the foot of the Sonoma Mountains, northwest of San Francisco. Founded in 1833 and incorporated in 1868, it developed as a processing and shipping centre for the agricultural produce of the Sonoma valley. The economy relies on retail services catering to an increasing residential population. The city was the site of the home and gardens of plant breeder Luther Burbank. Nearby is the Jack London Memorial
Translated from Latin, this means "under the rose" and is a term frequently used for surveillance but can also mean any type of undercover or discrete investigation We provide sub rosa/surveillance services both to private parties and to commercial firms