Said of a defined group constrained within a clade without including all descendants of the most common ancestor
A clade of organisms in which either the ancestral species or some descendent species have been removed by systematists to another group, usually because of morphologic distinctiveness
Clad Relating to a group consisting of a single ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendents A paraphyletic group is a grade and is erected on the basis of symplesiomorphy A more artful way to express this concept is "semiphyletic" because some of the branch of the family tree is missing In N T textual criticism, the Neutral and Western text-types are paraphyletic because the Byzantine text-type is thought, at least by Westcott and Hort, to descend from them
Term applied to a group of organisms which includes the most recent common ancestor of all of its members, but not all of the descendants of that most recent common ancestor