jean-paul sartre

French - English

Definition of jean-paul sartre in French English dictionary

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jean-paul sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80), French existential writer and philosopher, author of the novel Nausea (refused to accept the 1964 Nobel Prize in literature)

Jean-Paul Sartre

jean paul sartre

English - English

Definition of jean-paul sartre in English English dictionary

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Jean-Paul Sartre

{i} (1905-1980) French existential writer and philosopher, author of the novel "Nausea" (refused to accept the 1964 Nobel Prize in literature)

Jean-Paul Sartre

a French philosopher who also wrote novels, plays, and short stories. He was a leading influence in the development of existentialism, and is one of the best-known philosophers of the 20th century. His novels include the trilogy (=a series of three books) Les chemins de la liberté (translated as Roads to Freedom). He is also famous for his long relationship with the feminist writer Simone de Beauvoir, and for his left wing political views and his support for student protests in France in 1968 (1905-80). born June 21, 1905, Paris, France died April 15, 1980, Paris French philosopher, novelist, and playwright, the foremost exponent of existentialism. He studied at the Sorbonne, where he met Simone de Beauvoir, who became his lifelong companion and intellectual collaborator. His first novel, Nausea (1938), narrates the feeling of revulsion that a young man experiences when confronted with the contingency of existence. Sartre used the phenomenological method of Edmund Husserl (see phenomenology) with great skill in three successive publications: Imagination: A Psychological Critique (1936), Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions (1939), and The Psychology of Imagination (1940). In Being and Nothingness (1943), he places human consciousness, or nothingness (néant), in opposition to being, or thingness (être); consciousness is nonmatter and thus escapes all determinism. In his postwar treatise Existentialism and Humanism (1946) he depicts this radical freedom as carrying with it a responsibility for the welfare of others. In the 1940s and '50s he wrote many critically acclaimed plays including The Flies (1943), No Exit (1946), and The Condemned of Altona (1959) the study Jean Genet (1952), and numerous articles for Les Temps Modernes, the monthly review that he and de Beauvoir founded and edited. A central figure of the French left after the war, he was an outspoken admirer of the Soviet Union though not a member of the French Communist Party until the crushing of the Hungarian uprising by Soviet tanks in 1956, which he condemned. His Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) faults Marxism for failing to adapt itself to the concrete circumstances of particular societies and for not respecting individual freedom. His final works include an autobiography, The Words (1963), and Flaubert (4 vol., 1971-72), a lengthy study of the author. He declined the 1964 Nobel Prize for Literature

English - French

Definition of jean-paul sartre in English French dictionary

Related Terms

jean-paul sartre

{n} Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), écrivain et philosophe français, auteur de la Nausée (qui refusa le Prix Nobel de Littérature en 1964)