henry

English - Turkish

Definition of henry in English Turkish dictionary: henry; {i} Henry [elek.]; {i} özindükleme birimi [elek.]; indükleme kuvveti birimi; özindükleme birimi
henry viii: Henry Vııı

Turkish - Turkish

Definition of henry in Turkish Turkish dictionary
henry bell: Avrupa'da ticari başarı kazanan ilk buharlı gemiyi yapmış, iskoç Mühendis(1812)

English - English

Definition of henry in English English dictionary: A patronymic surname; A male given name, popular in England since Middle Ages; the name of eight kings
Henry now, what a soft swain your Henry is! the proper theme of gentle poesy; a name to fall in love withal; devoted at the font to song and sonnet, and the tender passion; a baptized inamorato; a christened hero. Call him Harry, and see how you ameliorate his condition.; In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol: H; A quantity of marijuana weighing one-eighth of an ounce; popular in England since Middle Ages; name of eight kings; {i} male first name; A promontory of southeast Virginia at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay east of Norfolk. American physicist who performed extensive studies of electromagnetic phenomena. See William Sydney Porter. American Revolutionary leader and orator. A member of the House of Burgesses (1765) and the Continental Congress (1774-1776), he spurred the creation of the Virginia militia with his words "Give me liberty, or give me death" (1775). He also served as governor of Virginia (1776-1790). born Oct. 1, 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, Eng. died Nov. 16, 1272, London King of England (1216-72). He inherited the throne at age nine but did not begin to rule until French-backed rebels were expelled (1234). He alienated the barons by his indifference to tradition and his agreement to supply Innocent IV with funds in exchange for the Sicilian crown. The barons forced him to accept the Provisions of Oxford, but Henry renounced the agreement in 1261. His former favourite, Simon de Montfort, led a rebellion in 1264, defeating and capturing the king. Henry's son Edward (later Edward I) turned the tables a year later, and Henry, weak and senile, allowed Edward to take charge of the government. known as Henry Beauclerc (French: "Good Scholar") born 1069 died Dec. 1, 1135, Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy King of England (1100-35) and ruler of Normandy (1106-35). The youngest son of William I, he became king on the death of William II. His eldest brother, Robert Curthose (Robert II), returned from the First Crusade to claim the English throne in 1101; Henry placated him by giving him Normandy, but Robert ruled it badly, and in 1106 Henry seized Normandy and imprisoned his brother. Henry quarreled with Anselm of Canterbury over the issue of investiture (see Investiture Controversy), but they were reconciled in 1107. He maintained control of Normandy, despite attacks by Robert's son, and named his daughter Matilda his heir. born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Eng. died Jan. 28, 1547, London King of England (1509-47). Son of Henry VII, Henry married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon (the mother of Mary I), soon after his accession in 1509. His first chief minister, Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, exercised nearly complete control over policy in 1515-27. In 1527 Henry pursued a divorce from Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn, but Pope Clement VII denied him an annulment. Wolsey, unable to help Henry, was ousted. The new minister, Thomas Cromwell, in 1532 initiated a revolution when he decided that the English church should separate from Rome, allowing Henry to marry Anne in 1533. A new archbishop, Thomas Cranmer, declared the first marriage annulled. A daughter, Elizabeth I, was born to Anne soon after. Becoming head of the Church of England represented Henry's major achievement, but it had wide-ranging consequences. Henry, once profoundly devoted to the papacy and rewarded with the title Defender of the Faith, was excommunicated, and he was obliged to settle the nature of the newly independent church. In the 1530s his power was greatly enlarged, especially by transferring to the crown the wealth of the monasteries and by new clerical taxes, but his earlier reputation as a man of learning became buried under his enduring fame as a man of blood. Many, including St. Thomas More, were killed because they refused to accept the new order. The king grew tired of Anne, and in 1536 she was executed for adultery. He immediately married Jane Seymour, who bore him a son, Edward VI, but died in childbirth. Three years later, at Cromwell's instigation, he married Anne of Cleves, but he hated her and demanded a quick divorce; he had Cromwell beheaded in 1540. By now Henry was becoming paranoid, as well as enormously fat and unhealthy. In 1540 he married Catherine Howard, but he had her beheaded for adultery in 1542. In 1542 he waged a financially ruinous war against Scotland. In 1543 he married Catherine Parr, who survived him. He was succeeded on his death by his son, Edward. orig. Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond (b. Jan. 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales d. April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, Eng.) King of England (1485-1509) and founder of the Tudor dynasty. As earl of Richmond and a kinsman in the House of Lancaster, he fled to Brittany after the triumph of the Yorkist forces in 1471. He later returned to England, rallied the opponents of Richard III, and defeated him at the Battle of Bosworth Field (1485). He married Elizabeth of York and ended the Wars of the Roses, though Yorkist plots continued. He made peace with France (1492), the Netherlands (1496), and Scotland (1499) and used his children's marriages to build European alliances. His commercial treaties and promotion of trade made England wealthy and powerful. He was succeeded by his son Henry VIII. German Heinrich born 1269/74, Valenciennes, Hainaut died Aug. 24, 1313, Buonconvento, near Siena, Italy Count of Luxembourg (as Henry IV), German king (1308-13), and Holy Roman Emperor (1312-13). The first German king of the House of Luxembourg, he strengthened the position of his family by obtaining the throne of Bohemia for his son. He became ruler of Lombardy (1311) but faced conflicts between Guelphs and Ghibellines. Though crowned emperor at Rome, he was unable to subdue Florence or Naples, and he failed in his attempt to bind Italy firmly to the empire. born Dec. 6, 1421, Windsor, Berkshire, Eng. died May 21/22, 1471, London King of England (1422-61, 1470-71). Son of Henry V, he became king as an infant, and grew up a pious and studious recluse, who suffered episodes of mental instability. England's political affairs were dominated by the rivalries of a series of overpowerful ministers of the houses of Lancaster and York, and Henry's incapacity for government became one of the causes of the Wars of the Roses. In 1461 a Yorkist was proclaimed Edward IV. Henry fled, but he returned in 1464 in an unsuccessful Lancastrian rising and was eventually captured and imprisoned. After a quarrel in the York faction, he was restored to the throne in 1470. Edward fled but soon returned to defeat and kill the earl of Warwick and regain the throne. The death in battle of Prince Edward, Henry's heir, sealed Henry's fate, and he was murdered in the Tower of London soon afterward. German Heinrich born autumn 1165, Nijmegen, Neth. died Sept. 28, 1197, Messina, Italy German king (1169-97) and Holy Roman emperor (1191-97) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty who acquired the kingdom of Sicily by marriage. Crowned king in 1169, Henry took over government of the Holy Roman Empire when his father, Frederick I Barbarossa, embarked on a Crusade to the Holy Land in 1189. Soon after his coronation he faced revolts by Henry the Lion in Germany and Tancred in Sicily, but he succeeded in making peace in 1194. His efforts to make the imperial crown hereditary were unsuccessful, but his son Frederick II would become emperor after the death of Henry's eventual successor, the Welf ruler, Otto IV. born Sept. 16?, 1387, Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales died Aug. 31, 1422, Bois de Vincennes, Fr. King of England (1413-22) of the House of Lancaster. The eldest son of Henry IV, he fought Welsh rebels (1403-08). As king he harshly suppressed a Lollard uprising (1414) and a Yorkist conspiracy (1415). He claimed extensive lands in France and launched an invasion (1415), and his stunning victory at the Battle of Agincourt made England one of the greatest powers in Europe. His continuing victories forced the French to sign the Treaty of Troyes (1420), in which Henry was named heir to the French throne and regent of France. He married Catherine, daughter of the French king, but died of camp fever before he could return home. Henry Louis Aaron Adams Henry Brooks Arnold Henry Harley Ashley William Henry Asquith Herbert Henry 1st earl of Oxford and Asquith Chesney Henry Baker Barnard Henry Beatty Henry Warren Henry Warren Beaty Beecher Henry Ward Beerbohm Sir Henry Maximilian Belter John Henry Bentinck William Henry Cavendish Lord Bessemer Sir Henry Bethune Henry Norman Beveridge of Tuggal William Henry 1st Baron Henry McCarty Blair Henry William Bolingbroke Henry Saint John 1st Viscount Bragg Sir William Henry Campbell Bannerman Sir Henry Henry Campbell Carson of Duncairn Edward Henry Baron Cavendish Henry Churchill Randolph Henry Spencer Lord Clay Henry Clinton Sir Henry Cort Henry Cowell Henry Dixon Craig Edward Henry Gordon Craig Sir James Henry Crumb George Henry Dana Richard Henry Darnley Henry Stewart Lord Dearborn Henry Dow Herbert Henry Dreyfuss Henry Eccles William Henry Ellis Henry Havelock Emerson Peter Henry Evans Frederick Henry Evans George Henry Fielding Henry Flagler Henry Morrison Fonda Henry Jaynes Ford Henry Fowler Henry Watson Frederick Henry Frick Henry Clay Fuseli Henry Garnet Henry Highland Gary Elbert Henry William Henry Gates III Gates Henry Louis Jr. Gehrig Henry Louis George Henry Goren Charles Henry Grattan Henry Henry Benjamin Greenberg Greene Charles Sumner and Henry Mather Greene Henry Graham Haggard Sir Henry Rider Halleck Henry Wager Harriman Edward Henry Harrison William Henry Heinz Henry John Robert Henry Cozad Henry III Henry II Henry Plantagenet Henry of Anjou Henry IV Henry Bolingbroke Henry of Navarra Henry I Henry Beauclerc French: Good Scholar Henry VIII Henry VII Henry Tudor earl of Richmond Henry VI Henry V Henry Cape Henry Joseph Henry O. Henry Patrick Hildebrand Joel Henry John Henry Holliday Hooper Franklin Henry Hudson Henry Huxley Thomas Henry Hyndman Henry Mayers Ireton Henry Irving Sir Henry John Henry Brodribb Jackson William Henry James Henry Kaiser Henry John William Henry Pratt Kissinger Henry Alfred Knox Henry La Guardia Fiorello Henry Landseer Sir Edwin Henry Latrobe Benjamin Henry Lawes Henry and William Le Châtelier Henry Louis Lee Henry Lee Richard Henry Leland Henry Martyn Henry Carter Liddell Hart Sir Basil Henry Lodge Henry Cabot Loesser Frank Henry Longfellow Henry Wadsworth Luce Henry Robinson Maine Sir Henry James Sumner Mancini Henry Manning Henry Edward Maudslay Henry Maupassant Henry René Albert Guy de Mayhew Henry Mencken Henry Louis Miller Henry Valentine Montherlant Henry Marie Joseph Millon de Moore Henry Morgan Lewis Henry Morgan Sir Henry Morgenthau Henry Jr. Murray Sir James Augustus Henry Newman John Henry Northampton Henry Howard earl of O'Hara John Henry Pelham Henry Perot Henry Ross Purcell Henry Raeburn Sir Henry Raglan of Raglan FitzRoy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Richardson Henry Handel Richardson Henry Hobson Robinson Henry Peach Schiff Jacob Henry Schoolcraft Henry Rowe Richard Henry Sellers Seward William Henry Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Sheridan Philip Henry Shreve Henry Miller Sidgwick Henry Sorby Henry Clifton Southampton Henry Wriothesley 3rd earl of Stanley Sir Henry Morton Starling Ernest Henry Stiegel Henry William Stimson Henry Lewis Sturtevant Alfred Henry Sullivan Louis Henry Surrey Henry Howard earl of Talbot William Henry Fox Tanner Henry Ossawa Tawney Richard Henry Thomas George Henry Thoreau Henry David Vane Sir Henry Sir Henry Vane the Younger Vaughan Henry Villard Henry Wallace Henry Agard Welch William Henry Wilson Colin Henry Allenby of Megiddo and of Felixstowe Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby 1st Viscount Bulwer Sir William Henry Lytton Earle Henry the Navigator Holland of Foxley and of Holland Henry Richard Vassall Fox 3rd Baron Lansdowne Henry Charles Keith Petty Fitzmaurice 5th marquess of Palmerston of Palmerston Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount. French Henri orig. duke d'Anjou born Sept. 19, 1551, Fontainebleau, France died Aug. 2, 1589, Saint-Cloud King of France (1574-89). The third son of Henry II and Catherine de Médicis, he commanded the royal army against the Huguenots in the Wars of Religion. He was crowned king after the death of his brother Charles IX. During the continuing civil wars he made concessions to the Huguenots, causing the Roman Catholics to form the Holy League. The Catholics were further alarmed in 1584 when the Protestant Henry of Navarra (later Henry IV) became heir to the throne. Henry III tried to placate the Holy League, but he was forced by a mob to flee Paris. In 1588 he had the Catholic leaders Henry, 3rd duke de Guise, and Cardinal Louis II de Lorraine assassinated. In 1589 Henry was himself assassinated by a fanatical Jacobin friar. German Heinrich born Oct. 28, 1017 died Oct. 5, 1056, Pfalz Bodfeld, near Goslar, Saxony Duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027-41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038-45), German king (1039-56), and emperor (1046-56). He gained sovereignty over Bohemia and Moravia and arranged the election of Pope Clement II, who crowned him emperor. The last emperor to dominate the papacy, Henry appointed three more popes in succeeding years. He championed the church reform advocated by the monasteries of Cluny and Gorze. He was nearly deposed in a revolt (1054-55), and in his later years his influence faltered in northeastern Germany, Hungary, southern Italy, and Lorraine. known as Henry of Anjou or Henry Plantagenet born 1133, Le Mans, Maine died July 6, 1189, near Tours Duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154). The son of Matilda and grandson of Henry I, he gained vast territories in France by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine (1152). He invaded England, and, in settlement of the war, King Stephen named Henry as heir (1153). As king, Henry extended his holdings in northern England and western France, strengthened royal administration, and reformed the court system. His attempt to assert royal authority at the expense of the church (see Constitutions of Clarendon) led to a quarrel with the archbishop of Canterbury, his former close friend St. Thomas Becket, which ended with Becket's murder and Henry's subsequent penance at Canterbury (1174). His reign was plagued by disputes among family members, especially struggles for precedence among his sons, including Richard I (the Lionheart) and John (Lackland). Richard allied with Philip II of France to drive Henry from the throne in 1189. French Henri orig. duc (duke) d'Orléans born March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, Fr. died July 10, 1559, Paris King of France (1547-59). The second son of Francis I, he had strong differences with his father, accentuated by the rivalry between their mistresses and by Henry's support of the constable Anne, duc de Montmorency (1493-1567). Though he continued many of his father's policies, Henry raised the Catholic House of Guise to favour, and he vigorously suppressed Protestantism within his kingdom. He made a number of administrative reforms. In foreign affairs Henry continued his father's warfare against Emperor Charles V until 1559, when he signed the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. The treaty was to be cemented by the marriage of Henry's daughter to Philip II of Spain; during the festivities he was hit in the head by a lance, and he died from the wound. or St. Henry German Heinrich born May 6, 973, Albach?, Bavaria died July 13, 1024, near Göttingen, Saxony; canonized 1146; feast day July 13 Duke of Bavaria (as Henry IV, 995-1005), German king (1002-24), and emperor (1014-24), the last of the Saxon dynasty. He led a series of military campaigns against Poland before making peace in 1018. He asserted German authority in northern Italy and was crowned emperor by Pope Benedict VIII on Feb. 14, 1014. To protect the papacy he fought Greeks and Lombards in Italy (1021). He fostered cooperation between church and state and established the German bishops as secular rulers as well as ecclesiastical princes and established a reputation for religious piety. orig. Henry Bolingbroke born April? 1366, Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, Eng. died March 20, 1413, London King of England (1399-1413), first of three 15th-century monarchs of the house of Lancaster. Son of John of Gaunt, he initially supported Richard II against the duke of Gloucester but turned against him after being banished in 1398. He invaded England in 1399, forcing Richard's surrender and abdication. Having gained the crown by usurpation, he successfully consolidated his power in the face of repeated uprisings of powerful nobles. However, he failed to subdue the Welsh under Owen Glendower, was defeated by the Scots, and was unable to overcome the fiscal and administrative weaknesses that contributed to the eventual downfall of the Lancastrian dynasty. He was succeeded by his son, Henry V. or Henry of Navarra French Henri de Navarre born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarra died May 14, 1610, Paris First Bourbon king of France (1589-1610) and king of Navarra (as Henry III, 1572-89), one of the most popular figures in French history. Henry was brought up as a Protestant and received his military training from the Huguenot leader Gaspard II de Coligny in the Wars of Religion. He married Margaret of Valois in 1572; the marriage provided the opportunity for the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day six days later. Henry was held at the French court from 1572 to 1576, when he escaped to join the forces against Henry III. He fought the War of the Three Henrys and prevailed as unrivaled leader. He became king after Henry III was assassinated in 1589, but was forced to fight the Holy League for nine years to secure his kingdom. In 1593 he converted to Roman Catholicism to remove all pretext for resistance to his rule. He entered Paris amid cheers in 1594, but he had to wage war (1595-98) against Spain, which supported the remaining resistance to him in France. Henry signed the Edict of Nantes in 1598, ending 40 years of civil war. With the aid of his ministers, including the duke de Sully, Henry brought order and new prosperity to France. His earlier marriage was annulled, and in 1600 he married Marie de Médicis. In 1610 he was assassinated by a fanatical Roman Catholic. German Heinrich born Nov. 11, 1050, Goslar?, Saxony died Aug. 7, 1106, Liège, Lorraine Duke of Bavaria (1055-61), German king (1054-1106), and emperor (1084-1105/6). He succeeded to the German throne at age six; his pious and unworldly mother was regent until 1062, and Henry gained control of the government upon reaching his majority in 1065. His reassertion of royal rights provoked rebellion in Saxony (1073-75). He engaged in a long struggle with Pope Gregory VII over the issues of obedience to papal commands and lay investiture (see Investiture Controversy). Gregory excommunicated him and absolved his subjects of their oaths of loyalty. Seeking absolution, Henry was forced to cross the Alps in winter and, according to tradition, stand barefoot in the snow three days before the castle at Canossa, where the pope was staying, before the latter would rescind his order. The German princes deserted Henry (1077) and elected Rudolf I as king. In 1080 Gregory excommunicated Henry again and recognized Rudolf. Henry responded by conquering Rome (1084) and installing the antipope Clement III. In his last years his sons Conrad and Henry led rebellions against his rule; a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second; Unit of inductance; the practical unit of inductance One Henry is equal to the inductance in which the change of one ampere per second results in an induced voltage of one volt Abbreviated H Named for the American physicist Joseph Henry 1878; The black porter on the train en route to Buffalo who, at the request of one of the train's conductors, instructed the chief conductor to wire the Buffalo police to arrest Gilligan and Lowe on arrival in Soldiers' Pay; A practical unit of inductance that will produce a voltage drop of one volt when the current changes at the rate of one ampere per second (abbreviated H); (H) Unit of inductance (weber/amp) Not capitalized unless abbreviated; Unit of measurement for inductance; {i} unit of electrical induction; The unit of inductance; one henry of inductance is present in a circuit when a change in the current of 1 ampere per second induces an emf of 1 volt; a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799); United States physicist who studied electromagnetic phenomena (1791-1878) a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) English chemist who studied the quantities of gas absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures (1775-1836) a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second; In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol; – unit of measurement of inductance, equal to 1 volt-second per ampere; -The meter-kilogram-second unit of inductance, equal to the inductance of a circuit in which an electromotive force of one volt is produced by a current in the circuit which varies at the rate of one ampere per second; (H) A practical unit of inductance that will produce a voltage drop of one volt when the current changes at the rate of one ampere per second; The standard unit of inductance Abbreviated as H A voltage change of one volt per second across a one-henry inductance produces one amp of current Other practical units of inductance include: millihenry (mH) = 10-3 H; and microhenry (mH) = 10-6 H; English chemist who studied the quantities of gas absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures (1775-1836); The electromagnetic unit of inductance 1 Henry occurs when a back emf of 1 volt is produced when current is changing at the rate of 1 amp per second; the electromagnetic unit of inductance or mutual inductance The inductance of a circuit is 1 henry when a current variation of 1 ampere per second induces 1 volt It is the basic unit of inductance In radio, smaller units are used, such the millihenry (mH), which is one-thousandth of a henry (H), and the microhenry (uH), which is one-millionth of a henry; An electrical unit denoting the inductance of a circuit in which a current varying at the rate of one amperer per second produces an electromotive force of one volt; The unit of inductance; Unit of measurement of inductance A coil has one henry of inductance if an EMF of one volt is induced when current through an inductor is changing at rate of one ampere per second; A practical unit of inductance that will produce a voltage drop of one volt when the current changes at a rate of one ampere per second; United States physicist who studied electromagnetic phenomena (1791-1878); (H) A unit of inductance, equal to the inductance of a circuit in which the variation of current at the rate of one ampere per second induces an electromotive force of one volt The term was named after US physicist, J Henry (1797-1878); The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampère a second; A measure of inductance; The standard unit of inductance The inductance of a current is one Henry when a current variation of one ampere (1 A) per second is present at one volt (1 V); The SI unit of inductance One henry is the inductance of a circuit in which a current of 1 ampere induces a flux linkage of 1 weber
Henry -Marie-Joseph-Millon de Montherlant: born April 21, 1896, Paris, France died Sept. 21, 1972, Paris French novelist and dramatist. Born into a noble family, he wrote stylistically concise works that reflect his own egocentric and autocratic personality. His major work of fiction is a cycle of four novels (1936-39) translated as The Girls, which describes the relationship between a libertine novelist and his adoring female victims. In the 1940s he turned to theatre; his best dramatic works include Malatesta (1946), Port-Royal (1954), and La Guerre civile (1965)
Henry A Kissinger: born May 27, 1923, Fürth, Ger. German-born U.S. political scientist and foreign-policy adviser (1969-76). He immigrated with his family to the U.S. in 1938. He taught at Harvard University, where he directed the Defense Studies Program (1959-69). He was appointed assistant for national security affairs by Pres. Richard Nixon in 1968 and served as head of the National Security Council from 1969 to 1975; he was secretary of state from 1973 to 1977. He developed the policy of détente toward the Soviet Union, which led to the Strategic Arms LimitationTalks agreements. He also initiated the first official U.S. contact with communist China. After helping to plan the U.S. bombing of Cambodia in 1969-70, he negotiated the cease-fire agreement that ended the Vietnam War, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1973 with Le Duc Tho (who refused it). In 1973 he helped foment a military coup in Chile that toppled that country's Marxist government. After leaving government service he became an international consultant, lecturer, and writer
Henry A Wallace: born Oct. 7, 1888, Adair county, Iowa, U.S. died Nov. 18, 1965, Danbury, Conn. U.S. politician. An agricultural expert, he succeeded his father as editor of Wallace's Farmer (1924-33). In 1932 he helped Franklin D. Roosevelt win Iowa. As U.S. secretary of agriculture (1933-40), he shaped the administration's farm policy, including the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. He served as vice president during Roosevelt's third term but was replaced in 1944 by Harry S. Truman. He was later secretary of commerce (1945-46). Very liberal in his views, he helped form the Progressive Party in 1948 and was its candidate against Truman in the presidential election, receiving more than one million votes. He wrote several books, including Sixty Million Jobs (1945)
Henry Adams: born Feb. 16, 1838, Boston, Mass., U.S. died March 27, 1918, Washington, D.C. U.S. historian and man of letters. A product of Boston's elite Brahmin class and a descendant of two presidents, he was infused with disgust for American politics of his time. As a young newspaper correspondent and editor, he called for social and political reforms, but he later became disillusioned with a world he characterized as devoid of principle. That loss of faith was reflected in his novel Democracy (1880). His study of U.S. democracy culminated in his nine-volume History of the United States of America (1889-91), which received immediate acclaim. In Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres (1913) he described the medieval worldview as reflected in its architecture. The Education of Henry Adams (1918), his best-known work and one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, traced his confrontations with the uncertainties of the 20th century
Henry Agard Wallace: born Oct. 7, 1888, Adair county, Iowa, U.S. died Nov. 18, 1965, Danbury, Conn. U.S. politician. An agricultural expert, he succeeded his father as editor of Wallace's Farmer (1924-33). In 1932 he helped Franklin D. Roosevelt win Iowa. As U.S. secretary of agriculture (1933-40), he shaped the administration's farm policy, including the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. He served as vice president during Roosevelt's third term but was replaced in 1944 by Harry S. Truman. He was later secretary of commerce (1945-46). Very liberal in his views, he helped form the Progressive Party in 1948 and was its candidate against Truman in the presidential election, receiving more than one million votes. He wrote several books, including Sixty Million Jobs (1945)
Henry Alfred Kissinger: born May 27, 1923, Fürth, Ger. German-born U.S. political scientist and foreign-policy adviser (1969-76). He immigrated with his family to the U.S. in 1938. He taught at Harvard University, where he directed the Defense Studies Program (1959-69). He was appointed assistant for national security affairs by Pres. Richard Nixon in 1968 and served as head of the National Security Council from 1969 to 1975; he was secretary of state from 1973 to 1977. He developed the policy of détente toward the Soviet Union, which led to the Strategic Arms LimitationTalks agreements. He also initiated the first official U.S. contact with communist China. After helping to plan the U.S. bombing of Cambodia in 1969-70, he negotiated the cease-fire agreement that ended the Vietnam War, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1973 with Le Duc Tho (who refused it). In 1973 he helped foment a military coup in Chile that toppled that country's Marxist government. After leaving government service he became an international consultant, lecturer, and writer
Henry Arnold: known as Hap Arnold born June 25, 1886, Gladwyne, Pa., U.S. died Jan. 15, 1950, Sonoma, Calif. U.S. air force officer. He attended West Point and initially served in the infantry. Volunteering as a flyer, he received instruction from Orville Wright. After World War I, with Billy Mitchell he became an eloquent advocate of an expanded air force. He rose through the ranks of the U.S. Army Air Corps to become its commander in 1938, and he commanded the Army Air Forces worldwide during World War II, overseeing a massive buildup and greatly influencing air bombardment strategy. He was named general of the army in 1944 and, after the National Defense Act of 1947 created an independent Air Force, general of the Air Force
Henry Barnard: born Jan. 24, 1811, Hartford, Conn., U.S. died July 5, 1900, Hartford U.S. educator. He studied law and entered the state legislature, where he helped create a state board of education and the first teachers' institute (1839). With Horace Mann, he undertook to reform the country's common schools; he was an innovator in instituting school inspections, textbook reviews, and parent-teacher organizations. As Rhode Island's first commissioner of education (from 1845) he worked to raise teachers' wages, repair buildings, and obtain higher-education appropriations. In 1855 he helped found the American Journal of Education. He was chancellor of the University of Wisconsin (1858-61). In 1867 he became the first U.S. commissioner of education, in which post he established a federal agency to collect national educational data
Henry Beauclerc: known as Henry Beauclerc (French: "Good Scholar") born 1069 died Dec. 1, 1135, Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy King of England (1100-35) and ruler of Normandy (1106-35). The youngest son of William I, he became king on the death of William II. His eldest brother, Robert Curthose (Robert II), returned from the First Crusade to claim the English throne in 1101; Henry placated him by giving him Normandy, but Robert ruled it badly, and in 1106 Henry seized Normandy and imprisoned his brother. Henry quarreled with Anselm of Canterbury over the issue of investiture (see Investiture Controversy), but they were reconciled in 1107. He maintained control of Normandy, despite attacks by Robert's son, and named his daughter Matilda his heir
Henry Beauclerc French: Good Scholar: known as Henry Beauclerc (French: "Good Scholar") born 1069 died Dec. 1, 1135, Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy King of England (1100-35) and ruler of Normandy (1106-35). The youngest son of William I, he became king on the death of William II. His eldest brother, Robert Curthose (Robert II), returned from the First Crusade to claim the English throne in 1101; Henry placated him by giving him Normandy, but Robert ruled it badly, and in 1106 Henry seized Normandy and imprisoned his brother. Henry quarreled with Anselm of Canterbury over the issue of investiture (see Investiture Controversy), but they were reconciled in 1107. He maintained control of Normandy, despite attacks by Robert's son, and named his daughter Matilda his heir
Henry Bergh: {i} (1811-1888) United States social reformer who founded the ASPCA in 1866
Henry Bessemer: {i} (1813-1898) English engineer, developer of the Bessemer process (process of producing steel)
Henry Brooks Adams: born Feb. 16, 1838, Boston, Mass., U.S. died March 27, 1918, Washington, D.C. U.S. historian and man of letters. A product of Boston's elite Brahmin class and a descendant of two presidents, he was infused with disgust for American politics of his time. As a young newspaper correspondent and editor, he called for social and political reforms, but he later became disillusioned with a world he characterized as devoid of principle. That loss of faith was reflected in his novel Democracy (1880). His study of U.S. democracy culminated in his nine-volume History of the United States of America (1889-91), which received immediate acclaim. In Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres (1913) he described the medieval worldview as reflected in its architecture. The Education of Henry Adams (1918), his best-known work and one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, traced his confrontations with the uncertainties of the 20th century
Henry Cabot Lodge: born May 12, 1850, Boston, Mass., U.S. died Nov. 9, 1924, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. politician. He was the recipient of the first Ph.D. in political science awarded by Harvard University. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1887 to 1893 and in the Senate from 1893 to 1924. He supported U.S. entry into World War I but opposed participation in the League of Nations; as chairman of the Senate's foreign relations committee he delayed action on the adoption of the Treaty of Versailles with its covenant establishing the League. He proposed amendments (the Lodge reservations) that would require Senate approval before the U.S. would accept certain League decisions. Pres. Woodrow Wilson refused to accept the amendments, and the Senate rejected the treaty. born July 5, 1902, Nahant, Mass., U.S. died Feb. 27, 1985, Beverly, Mass. U.S. politician and diplomat. The grandson of Sen. Henry C. Lodge, he served in the U.S. Senate (1937-44, 1947-52) and as U.S. representative to the UN (1953-60). In 1960 he was the Republican vice presidential candidate under Richard Nixon. During the 1960s he served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam and as ambassador to West Germany. In 1969 he was the chief U.S. negotiator at the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam. He later served as special envoy to the Vatican
Henry Cavendish: a British scientist who discovered hydrogen and also discovered the chemical composition of water (=the different parts it is made from) (1731-1810). born Oct. 10, 1731, Nice, France died Feb. 24, 1810, London, Eng. English physicist and chemist. A millionaire by inheritance, he lived as a recluse most of his life. He discovered the nature and properties of hydrogen, the specific heat of certain substances, and various properties of electricity. He measured the density and mass of the Earth by the method now known as the Cavendish experiment. He discovered the composition of air, work that led to the discovery that water is a compound rather than an element and to the discovery of nitric acid. He anticipated Ohm's law and independently discovered Coulomb's law of electrostatic attraction. He left his fortune to relatives who later endowed the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge (1871)
Henry Cavendish: {i} (1731-1810) English chemist and physicist who discovered the properties of hydrogen and demonstrated that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen
Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th marquess of Lansdowne: born Jan. 14, 1845, London, Eng. died June 3, 1927, Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ire. Irish nobleman and British diplomat. He inherited his father's title and wealth in 1866 and served in William E. Gladstone's Liberal administration. In 1885, as governor-general of Canada (1883-88), he helped settle the rebellion led by Louis Riel. As viceroy of India (1888-94) under a Conservative government, he reorganized the police, reconstituted legislative councils, closed Indian mints to the free coinage of silver, and extended railway and irrigation works. As secretary of war (1895-1900), he was blamed for British unpreparedness in the South African War. As foreign secretary (1900-06), he concluded the Entente Cordiale
Henry Clay: born April 12, 1777, Hanover county, Va., U.S. died June 29, 1852, Washington, D.C. U.S. politician. He practiced law from 1797 in Virginia and then in Kentucky, where he served in the state legislature (1803-09). He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1811-14, 1815-21, 1823-25); as House speaker (1811-14), he was among those who propelled the U.S. into the War of 1812. He supported a national economic policy of protective tariffs, known as the American System, a national bank, and improvements to internal transportation. His support of the Missouri Compromise earned him the nicknames "The Great Pacificator" and "The Great Compromiser." After his bid for the presidency in 1824 fell short, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams, who made him his secretary of state (1825-29). He served in the U.S. Senate (1806-07, 1810-11, and 1831-42), where he supported the compromise tariff of 1833. He was the National Republican Party candidate for president in 1832 and the Whig Party candidate in 1844. In his last Senate term (1849-52) he argued strongly for passage of the Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay Frick: born , Dec. 19, 1849, West Overton, Pa., U.S. died Dec. 2, 1919, New York, N.Y. U.S. industrialist. He began building and operating coke ovens in 1870 and organized his own company in 1871. From 1889 he served as chairman of Carnegie Steel Co., the world's largest manufacturer of steel and coke. His role in the violent steel strike of 1892 in Homestead, Pa., provoked an anarchist to shoot and stab him, but he survived. He was instrumental in the formation of the U.S. Steel Corp. in 1901. A noted art collector and philanthropist, he bequeathed the Frick Collection to New York City. See also Andrew Carnegie
Henry Clifton Sorby: born May 10, 1826, Woodbourne, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, Eng. died March 9, 1908, Sheffield British amateur scientist. Convinced of the value of the microscope to geology, Sorby began in 1849 to prepare thin sections of rocks, about 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) thick, for microscopic study. He developed a new type of spectrum microscope for analyzing the light of organic pigments (1865). His research on meteors led to studies of iron and steel, and his later studies included the origin of layered rocks, weathering, and marine biology. He published works dealing with the physical geography of geologic periods, rock breakdown and buildup, and the formation of river terraces. Sorby is considered the father of microscopical petrography and metallography
Henry Cort: born 1740, Lancaster, Lancashire, Eng. died 1800, London British inventor and industrialist. In 1783 he obtained a patent for producing iron bars quickly and economically in a rolling mill with grooved rolls. The following year he patented his puddling process for converting pig iron into wrought iron in a reverberatory furnace. His two inventions had a significant effect on Britain's iron-making industry, and iron production quadrupled in the next 20 years
Henry Cowell: born March 11, 1897, Menlo Park, Calif., U.S. died Dec. 10, 1965, Shady, N.Y. U.S. avant-garde composer. He began early to experiment with techniques such as tone clusters and direct manipulation of piano strings. Five tours of Europe as composer-pianist (1923-33) expanded his reputation. He coinvented the Rhythmicon, an instrument for producing several conflicting rhythms simultaneously. Immensely prolific, he wrote nearly 1,000 pieces, including 19 completed symphonies, hundreds of piano works, and many ballets. In 1927 he founded the journal New Music. His book New Musical Resources (1930) presented his compositional ideas. He was one of the most important innovators in the history of American music
Henry David Thoreau: a US writer and philosopher whose best-known works are Walden, or Life in the Woods, in which he describes his simple life in the countryside, and Civil Disobedience, an essay on refusing to obey unfair laws, which influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King (1817-62). born July 12, 1817, Concord, Mass., U.S. died May 6, 1862, Concord U.S. thinker, essayist, and naturalist. Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before leaving his job to become a poet of nature. Back in Concord, he came under the influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson and began to publish pieces in the Transcendentalist magazine The Dial. In the years 1845-47, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concord's Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork, Walden (1854). His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) was the only other book he published in his lifetime. He reflected on a night he spent in jail protesting the Mexican-American War in the essay "Civil Disobedience" (1849), which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K. Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned, and he became a dedicated abolitionist. His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod display the mind of a keen naturalist. After his death his collected writings were published in 20 volumes, and further writings have continued to appear in print
Henry David Thoreau: (1817-1862) American naturalist and transcendentalist philosopher, author of "Walden" and "Civil Disobedience
Henry Dearborn: born Feb. 23, 1751, Hampton, N.H. died June 6, 1829, Roxbury, Mass., U.S. U.S. army officer and secretary of war (1801-09). He fought in the American Revolution and later was appointed marshal for the District of Maine (1789-93). He represented Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives (1793-97), was secretary of war under Pres. Thomas Jefferson, and ordered the establishment of Fort Dearborn at "Chikago" in 1803. In the War of 1812, he commanded several failed attempts to invade Canada and was later recalled by Pres. James Madison
Henry Dixon Cowell: born March 11, 1897, Menlo Park, Calif., U.S. died Dec. 10, 1965, Shady, N.Y. U.S. avant-garde composer. He began early to experiment with techniques such as tone clusters and direct manipulation of piano strings. Five tours of Europe as composer-pianist (1923-33) expanded his reputation. He coinvented the Rhythmicon, an instrument for producing several conflicting rhythms simultaneously. Immensely prolific, he wrote nearly 1,000 pieces, including 19 completed symphonies, hundreds of piano works, and many ballets. In 1927 he founded the journal New Music. His book New Musical Resources (1930) presented his compositional ideas. He was one of the most important innovators in the history of American music
Henry Dreyfuss: born March 2, 1904, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Oct. 5, 1972, South Pasadena, Calif. U.S. industrial designer. He began designing stage sets for the Broadway theatre at age 17, and in 1929 he opened his first industrial design office. Bell Telephone Laboratories hired him to design a series of telephones in the 1930s. Among his other notable designs was the interior of the ocean liner Independence. A pioneer of ergonomic design, he published several books explaining his methods, including Designing for People (1955, 1967)
Henry Edward Manning: known as Cardinal Manning born July 15, 1808, Totteridge, Hertfordshire, Eng. died Jan. 14, 1892, London British Roman Catholic cardinal. The son of a banker and member of Parliament, he was ordained a priest of the Church of England in 1833. A member of the Oxford movement, he became a Catholic in 1851 and was ordained a priest later that year. He rose rapidly in rank, being appointed archbishop of Westminster in 1865 and cardinal in 1875. He favoured the centralization of authority in the church (Ultramontanism) and supported stronger wording on papal infallibility than was eventually adopted by the First Vatican Council. He established many schools and was highly regarded for his concern for social welfare
Henry Fielding: an English writer most famous for his humorous novel Tom Jones (1707-54). born April 22, 1707, Sharpham Park, Somerset, Eng. died Oct. 8, 1754, Lisbon, Port. British novelist and playwright. Fielding attended Eton College but left early and lost his family's support. In his 25 plays, all written early, he was essentially a satirist of political corruption; because of his sharp commentary he was eventually effectively banished from the theatre, whereupon he took up the study of law. In 1748 he was appointed a magistrate, in which role he established a new tradition of justice and suppression of crime in London. He probably wrote Shamela (1741), a burlesque of Samuel Richardson's Pamela that he never claimed. In the entertaining and original Joseph Andrews (1742) he also parodies Richardson's novel. Tom Jones (1749), his most popular work, is noted for its great comic gusto, vast gallery of characters, and contrasted scenes of high-and lowlife. The more sober Amelia (1751) anticipates the Victorian domestic novel. In these works he helped develop the English novel as a planned, realistic narrative genre surveying contemporary society
Henry Fonda: a US film actor known especially for appearing as characters who have strong moral beliefs and a strong sense of honour. His films include The Grapes of Wrath (1940) and Twelve Angry Men (1957). He was the father of Jane Fonda and Peter Fonda, who are also actors (1905-82). born May 16, 1905, Grand Island, Neb., U.S. died Aug. 12, 1982, Los Angeles, Calif. U.S. actor. He achieved success on Broadway in The Farmer Takes a Wife (1934), which led him to Hollywood for the film version (1935). He portrayed thoughtful men of integrity in films such as Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), and The Ox-Bow Incident (1943). He also made comedies such as The Lady Eve (1941) and The Male Animal (1942). He returned to the stage in Mister Roberts (1948, Tony Award; film, 1955). His last film, On Golden Pond (1981, Academy Award), also starred his daughter Jane Fonda. His son, Peter (b. 1939), also achieved fame as a screen actor
Henry Fonda: (1905-1982) USA movie actor
Henry Ford: (1863-1947) USA automobile manufacturer, pioneer in the assembly line technique of mass production
Henry Ford: a US businessman and engineer, who started making cars in 1896 and established the Ford Motor Company. He developed the idea of the assembly line (=system in which each worker is responsible for one small part of the process of making something) , and this made it possible to produce cars in large numbers (1863-1947). born July 30, 1863, Wayne county, Mich., U.S. died April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Mich. U.S. industrialist and pioneer automobile manufacturer. Ford worked his way up from a machinist's apprentice (at age 15) to the post of chief engineer at the Edison Company in Detroit. He built his first experimental car in 1896. In 1903, with several partners, he formed the Ford Motor Company. In 1908 he designed the Model T; demand became so great that Ford developed new mass-production methods, including the first moving assembly line in 1913. He developed the Model A in 1928 to replace the Model T, and in 1932 he introduced the V-8 engine. He observed an eight-hour workday and paid his workers far above the average, holding that well-paid labourers become the consumers that industrialists require, but strenuously opposed labour unions. As the first to make car ownership affordable to large numbers of Americans, he exerted a vast and permanent influence on American life. See also Ford Foundation
Henry Fuseli: orig. Johann Heinrich Füssli born Feb. 7, 1741, Zürich, Switz. died April 16, 1825, London, Eng. Swiss-born British painter and writer on art. The son of a portrait painter, he trained in theology as well as in art and art history. He left his native Zürich for London in 1764. Encouraged by Sir Joshua Reynolds, he went to Italy in 1770 and stayed for eight years; on his return to England, his works exhibited at the Royal Academy, such as his most famous work, The Nightmare (1781), secured his reputation. His subject matter was chiefly literary, and his images portrayed macabre fantasies and the grotesque. He was elected a full academician in 1790 and taught painting at the academy (1799-1805)
Henry George: born Sept. 2, 1839, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. died Oct. 29, 1897, New York, N.Y. U.S. land reformer and economist. He left school before age 14 to work as a clerk and then at sea. In 1858 George went to California, where he worked for newspapers (briefly founding his own) and took part in Democratic party politics. In 1879 he published Progress and Poverty, in which he proposed that the state fully tax all economic rent the income from the use of the bare land, but not from improvements and abolish all other taxes. George believed that the government's annual income from this "single tax" would be so large that there would be a surplus for expansion of public works
Henry Graham Greene: born Oct. 2, 1904, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, Eng. died April 3, 1991, Vevey, Switz. British author. After studying at the University of Oxford, he converted to Roman Catholicism in 1926. Beginning 1930 he worked principally as a freelance journalist for several decades, during which he traveled widely. Stamboul Train (1932; also titled Orient Express; film, 1934) was the first of his "entertainments," thrillers with considerable moral complexity and depth; others included A Gun for Sale (1936; also titled This Gun for Hire; film, 1942), The Confidential Agent (1939; film, 1945), and The Third Man (1949; film, 1949). His finest novels Brighton Rock (1938; film, 1948), The Power and the Glory (1940; film, 1962), The Heart of the Matter (1948; film, 1954), and The End of the Affair (1951; film, 1999) all have distinctly religious themes. Several of his novels set in "third-world" nations on the brink of political upheaval were also adapted as films
Henry Grattan: born July 3, 1746, Dublin, Ire. died June 6, 1820, London, Eng. Irish politician. He entered the Irish Parliament in 1775 and, as a brilliant orator, soon became the leading spokesperson of the Irish nationalist agitation. His movement gained momentum; he forced the British in 1779 to remove restraints on Irish trade and in 1782 to relinquish their right to legislate for Ireland. In 1800 he headed the unsuccessful opposition to the union of England and Ireland. In 1805 he was elected to the English House of Commons, where he fought for Catholic emancipation for his last 15 years
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley: {i} Henry Moseley (1887-1915), British physicist who deduced that the atomic number (number of protons within a nucleus) of an element can be determined from the element's x-ray spectrum
Henry Handel Richardson: orig. Ethel Florence Lindesay Richardson born Jan. 3, 1870, Melbourne, Austl. died March 20, 1946, Fairlight, Sussex, Eng. Australian-born English novelist. In 1888 she left Australia to study music in Germany, and she spent the rest of her life abroad, settling in England in 1904 with her husband, J.G. Robertson. Maurice Guest (1908), her antiromantic first novel, concerns a music student's disastrous love affair. Her masterpiece, The Fortunes of Richard Mahony, 3 vol. (1917-29), combining description of an Australian immigrant's life and work in the goldfields with a powerful character study, is considered the crowning achievement of modern Australian fiction to that time
Henry Harley Arnold: known as Hap Arnold born June 25, 1886, Gladwyne, Pa., U.S. died Jan. 15, 1950, Sonoma, Calif. U.S. air force officer. He attended West Point and initially served in the infantry. Volunteering as a flyer, he received instruction from Orville Wright. After World War I, with Billy Mitchell he became an eloquent advocate of an expanded air force. He rose through the ranks of the U.S. Army Air Corps to become its commander in 1938, and he commanded the Army Air Forces worldwide during World War II, overseeing a massive buildup and greatly influencing air bombardment strategy. He was named general of the army in 1944 and, after the National Defense Act of 1947 created an independent Air Force, general of the Air Force
Henry Havelock Ellis: born Feb. 2, 1859, Croydon, Surrey, Eng. died July 8, 1939, Washbrook, Suffolk British sexuality researcher. A medical doctor, he gave up his practice to devote himself to scientific and literary work. His major work, the seven-volume Studies in the Psychology of Sex (1897-1928), was a comprehensive, groundbreaking encyclopaedia of human sexual biology, behaviour, and attitudes whose topics included homosexuality, masturbation, and the physiology of sexual behaviour. Sale of the first volume led to a trial when the salesman was arrested on obscenity charges; the later volumes had to be published in the U.S. and were legally available only to the medical profession until 1935. Ellis viewed sexual activity as a natural expression of love and sought to dispel the widespread fear and ignorance surrounding it. He was also known as a champion of women's rights
Henry Highland Garnet: born 1815, New Market, Md., U.S. died Feb. 13, 1882, Liberia U.S. clergyman and abolitionist. Born a slave, he escaped in 1824 to New York, where he became a Presbyterian minister. He joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and agitated for emancipation; in a 1843 speech at a national convention of freedmen he called on slaves to revolt and murder their masters. The convention refused to endorse his radicalism, and he gradually turned more toward religion, serving as pastor in a number of Presbyterian pulpits during the next two decades. Late in life he favoured emigration of U.S. blacks to Africa. He was appointed U.S. minister to Liberia in 1881 but died within two months of his arrival in the African nation
Henry Hobson Richardson: born Sept. 29, 1838, Priestley Plantation, La., U.S. died April 27, 1886, Brookline, Mass. U.S. architect. He studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His designs for Boston's Brattle Square (1870-72) and Trinity (1872-77) churches won him a national reputation. He designed houses, libraries, suburban railroad stations, educational buildings, and commercial and civic structures. Instead of the narrow vertical proportions and Gothic features used by his contemporaries, he favoured horizontal lines, simple silhouettes, and large-scale Romanesque or Byzantine-inspired details. The Crane Memorial Library in Quincy, Mass. (1880-82), with its granite base, clerestory windows, tiled gable roof, and cavernous entrance arch, stands among his finest mature works. His Romanesque style had an integrity seldom achieved by his many imitators, and the functionalism of his designs presaged the work of Louis H. Sullivan
Henry Howard earl of Northampton: born Feb. 25, 1540, Shottesham, Norfolk, Eng. died June 15, 1614, London English noble noted for his intrigues in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Younger brother of the 4th duke of Norfolk, he was implicated in efforts to free Mary, Queen of Scots. He successfully sought favour with the Scottish king James VI, who, on his accession as James I of England, made Howard a privy councillor (1603) and earl of Northampton (1604). As a judge at the trials of Walter Raleigh (1603) and Guy Fawkes (1605), he pressed for conviction
Henry Howard earl of Surrey: Most of his poetry was published 10 years later. With Thomas Wyat, he introduced into England the styles and metres of the Italian humanist poets, laying the foundation of a great age in English poetry. He translated two books of Virgil's Aeneid, marking the first use in English of blank verse and was the first to develop the sonnet form used by William Shakespeare
Henry Howard earl of Surrey: born 1517, Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, Eng.? died Jan. 13, 1547, London English poet. Because of his aristocratic birth and connections, Surrey was involved in the jockeying for place that accompanied Henry VIII's policies. After returning to England in 1546 from a campaign abroad, he was accused of treason by his rivals. After his sister admitted he was still a Roman Catholic, he was executed at age
Henry Hudson: an English sailor and explorer who made several attempts to find the Northeast Passage (=along the northern coast of Russia) and the Northwest Passage (=along the northern coast of Canada) . He discovered Hudson Bay in 1610 (1565-1611). born 1565, England died , after June 22, 1611, in or near Hudson Bay? English navigator and explorer. Sailing for the Muscovy Company of London in search of the Northeast Passage to the Far East, he was blocked by ice fields. In 1609 he set out in the Half Moon to find a similar passage for the Dutch East India Company, but, when stopped by storms, he instead sought the Northwest Passage, which he had recently heard about from other explorers, and cruised along the Atlantic coast and up the Hudson River. In 1610 he set out again for America, this time on behalf of the Muscovy Company and the English East India Company, and discovered Hudson Bay. Finding no outlet to the Pacific and in the close confinement of an Arctic winter, Hudson's crew fell to quarreling, and on the homeward voyage they mutinied and set Hudson adrift in a small boat, never to be found. His discoveries formed the basis for Dutch colonization of the Hudson River and for English claims to much of Canada
Henry I: {i} (1068-1135) king of England from 1100 to 1135
Henry III: King of England (1216-1272) who succeeded his father, King John. His reign was marred by baronial opposition led by Simon de Montfort, whose representative parliament, called in 1265, is considered England's first full parliament. King of France (1574-1589) who helped his mother, Catherine de Médicis, plot the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572). His reign was marked by bitter conflict between Catholics and Huguenots
Henry IV: Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1056-1106) who continually struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII. Twice excommunicated, Henry appointed an antipope (1084), had himself again crowned emperor, invaded Italy, and was ultimately dethroned by his rebellious sons. King of England (1399-1413). Son of John of Gaunt and grandson of Edward III, he was banished from England by Richard II, who confiscated his estate. Henry returned, raised an army, and compelled Richard to abdicate. Parliament confirmed Henry's claim to the throne, thus establishing the Lancastrian line. King of France (1589-1610) who founded the Bourbon royal line, successfully waged war against Spain (1595-1598), and gave political rights to French Protestants in the Edict of Nantes (1598)
Henry Ireton: born 1611, Attenborough, Nottinghamshire, Eng. died Nov. 28, 1651, Limerick, County Limerick, Ire. English politician, leader of the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil Wars. Joining the Parliamentary army at the outbreak of war, he was involved in many victories. He was elected to Parliament in 1645 and married Oliver Cromwell's daughter in 1646. In 1647 he proposed a scheme for a constitutional monarchy; after its rejection by Charles I, Ireton provided the ideological foundations for the assault on the monarchy. He helped bring Charles to trial and was one of the signers of his death warrant. As lord deputy of Ireland and commander in chief (1650), he fought against the Roman Catholic rebels and died after the siege of Limerick
Henry J Kaiser: born , May 9, 1882, Sprout Brook, N.Y., U.S. died Aug. 24, 1967, Honolulu, Hawaii U.S. industrialist and founder of more than 100 companies, including Kaiser Aluminum, Kaiser Steel, and Kaiser Cement and Gypsum. He undertook his first public-works projects beginning in 1914, eventually building dams in California, levees on the Mississippi River, and highways in Cuba. Between 1931 and 1945 he organized combinations of construction companies to build the Hoover, Bonneville, and Grand Coulee dams and other large public projects. During World War II he ran seven shipyards, making steel in an integrated steel mill and using assembly-line production to build ships in less than five days. He established the first health maintenance organization, the Kaiser plan, for his shipyard employees; it served more than a million people and became a model for later federal programs. In the postwar era he dealt profitably in aluminum, steel, and automobiles
Henry James: a US writer of novels, who lived for many years in Europe and is famous especially for writing about the effect that Europe had on Americans who travelled there. His many books include Washington Square, The Portrait of a Lady, and the ghost story The Turn of the Screw. (1843-1916). born April 15, 1843, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Feb. 28, 1916, London, Eng. U.S.-British novelist. Born to a distinguished family, the brother of William James, he was privately educated. He traveled frequently to Europe from childhood on; after 1876 he lived primarily in England. His fundamental theme was to be the innocence and exuberance of the New World in conflict with the corruption and wisdom of the Old. Daisy Miller (1879) won him international renown; it was followed by The Europeans (1879), Washington Square (1880), and The Portrait of a Lady (1881). In The Bostonians (1886) and The Princess Casamassima (1886), his subjects were social reformers and revolutionaries. In The Spoils of Poynton (1897), What Maisie Knew (1897), and The Turn of the Screw (1898), he made use of complex moral and psychological ambiguity. The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903), and The Golden Bowl (1904) were his great final novels. His intense concern with the novel as an art form is reflected in the essay "The Art of Fiction" (1884), his prefaces to the volumes of his collected works, and his many literary essays. Perhaps his chief technical innovation was his strong focus on the individual consciousness of his central characters, which reflected his sense of the decline of public and collective values in his time
Henry James: {i} (1843-1916) USA novelist who lived in London (England), author of "The Ambassadors" and "The Turn of the Screw" and many more
Henry Jaynes Fonda: born May 16, 1905, Grand Island, Neb., U.S. died Aug. 12, 1982, Los Angeles, Calif. U.S. actor. He achieved success on Broadway in The Farmer Takes a Wife (1934), which led him to Hollywood for the film version (1935). He portrayed thoughtful men of integrity in films such as Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), and The Ox-Bow Incident (1943). He also made comedies such as The Lady Eve (1941) and The Male Animal (1942). He returned to the stage in Mister Roberts (1948, Tony Award; film, 1955). His last film, On Golden Pond (1981, Academy Award), also starred his daughter Jane Fonda. His son, Peter (b. 1939), also achieved fame as a screen actor
Henry John Heinz: born Oct. 11, 1844, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. died May 14, 1919, Pittsburgh U.S. entrepreneur, founder of a major manufacturer of processed foods. He joined his father's brick-manufacturing business in Pittsburgh and simultaneously built up a produce business, delivering produce grown on his own land to local grocers. In 1876, with a brother and a cousin, he formed the F. & J. Heinz Co., a maker of pickles, ketchup, baked beans, and other prepared foods. It was reorganized in 1888 as the H.J. Heinz Co. and incorporated in 1905. Heinz served as its president until his death
Henry John Kaiser: born , May 9, 1882, Sprout Brook, N.Y., U.S. died Aug. 24, 1967, Honolulu, Hawaii U.S. industrialist and founder of more than 100 companies, including Kaiser Aluminum, Kaiser Steel, and Kaiser Cement and Gypsum. He undertook his first public-works projects beginning in 1914, eventually building dams in California, levees on the Mississippi River, and highways in Cuba. Between 1931 and 1945 he organized combinations of construction companies to build the Hoover, Bonneville, and Grand Coulee dams and other large public projects. During World War II he ran seven shipyards, making steel in an integrated steel mill and using assembly-line production to build ships in less than five days. He established the first health maintenance organization, the Kaiser plan, for his shipyard employees; it served more than a million people and became a model for later federal programs. In the postwar era he dealt profitably in aluminum, steel, and automobiles
Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston: known as Lord Palmerston born Oct. 20, 1784, Broadlands, Hampshire, Eng. died Oct. 18, 1865, Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire English politician and prime minister (1855-58, 1859-65). He entered Parliament in 1807 as a Tory and served as secretary at war (1809-28). Associated with the Whig Party from 1830, he served many years as foreign secretary (1830-34, 1835-41, 1846-51) and supported British interests and liberal causes abroad. He played a key role in establishing the independence of Belgium (1830-31) and Greece (1832) and secured Turkey's integrity against France (1840). Appointed prime minister in 1855, he brought an end to the Crimean War, approved the creation of the independent Kingdom of Italy, and supported a policy of neutrality in the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Pam," he was a symbol of British nationalism and one of Britain's most popular leaders
Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston of Palmerston: known as Lord Palmerston born Oct. 20, 1784, Broadlands, Hampshire, Eng. died Oct. 18, 1865, Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire English politician and prime minister (1855-58, 1859-65). He entered Parliament in 1807 as a Tory and served as secretary at war (1809-28). Associated with the Whig Party from 1830, he served many years as foreign secretary (1830-34, 1835-41, 1846-51) and supported British interests and liberal causes abroad. He played a key role in establishing the independence of Belgium (1830-31) and Greece (1832) and secured Turkey's integrity against France (1840). Appointed prime minister in 1855, he brought an end to the Crimean War, approved the creation of the independent Kingdom of Italy, and supported a policy of neutrality in the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Pam," he was a symbol of British nationalism and one of Britain's most popular leaders
Henry Jr. Morgenthau: born May 11, 1891, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Feb. 6, 1967, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. U.S. public official. He was editor of American Agriculturist (1922-33) and a close friend of Franklin D. Roosevelt. As secretary of the treasury in Roosevelt's cabinet (1934-45), he was responsible for financing the programs of the New Deal and the enormous military expenditures of World War II. Over $370 billion was spent during the period, three times more money than was spent by the 50 previous secretaries of the treasury. He resigned after Roosevelt's death and retired to his farm
Henry Kissinger: a US politician and university teacher, who was born in Germany and who was the US Secretary of State from 1973 to 1977. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 for helping to achieve the agreement that ended the Vietnam War (1923- )
Henry Kissinger: {i} Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger (born in 1923), German-born USA politician, United States Secretary of State during the presidency of Nixon, co-winner of the Nobel prize for peace in 1973
Henry Knox: born July 25, 1750, Boston, Mass. died Oct. 25, 1806, Thomaston, Maine, U.S. American Revolutionary officer. Active in the colonial militia, he joined the Continental Army and was sent by George Washington to transport British artillery captured in the Battle of Ticonderoga. In mid-winter, he oversaw the transport of 120,000 lbs (55,000 kg) of artillery by oxen and horses over snow and ice 300 mi (480 km) to Boston. Promoted to general, he commanded the artillery in the battles of Monmouth and Yorktown, and in 1783 he succeeded Washington as commander of the army. He was secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789 and served as the first U.S. secretary of war from 1789 to 1795
Henry L Stimson: born Sept. 21, 1867, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Oct. 20, 1950, Huntington, N.Y. U.S. statesman. A lawyer, he served as U.S. secretary of war (1911-13), governor of the Philippines (1927-29), and U.S. secretary of state (1929-33). After the Japanese occupation of Manchuria (1931), he sent to Japan a diplomatic note, the contents of which became known as the Stimson Doctrine, refusing to recognize territorial changes and reaffirming U.S. treaty rights. As secretary of war (1940-45), he oversaw the expansion and training of U.S. forces in World War II. He was the chief adviser on atomic policy to Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman and recommended use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Henry Laurence Gantt: {i} (1861-1919) U.S. mechanical engineer who developed the Gantt chart in 1910
Henry Lee: born Jan. 29, 1756, Prince William county, Va. died March 25, 1818, Cumberland Island, Ga., U.S. American army officer and politician. In the American Revolution he rose to cavalry commander (earning the nickname "Light-Horse Harry") and led victories at Paulus Hook, N.J., and in the South. As governor of Virginia (1791-94), he commanded the army that suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion (1794). In the U.S. House of Representatives (1799-1801), he wrote the resolution eulogizing George Washington as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." After 1800 Lee failed in several land and financial speculations and was twice imprisoned for debt. He was the father of Robert E. Lee
Henry Lewis Stimson: born Sept. 21, 1867, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Oct. 20, 1950, Huntington, N.Y. U.S. statesman. A lawyer, he served as U.S. secretary of war (1911-13), governor of the Philippines (1927-29), and U.S. secretary of state (1929-33). After the Japanese occupation of Manchuria (1931), he sent to Japan a diplomatic note, the contents of which became known as the Stimson Doctrine, refusing to recognize territorial changes and reaffirming U.S. treaty rights. As secretary of war (1940-45), he oversaw the expansion and training of U.S. forces in World War II. He was the chief adviser on atomic policy to Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman and recommended use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Henry Louis Gates: born Sept. 16, 1950, Keyser, W.Va., U.S. U.S. critic and scholar. Gates attended Yale University and the University of Cambridge. He has chaired Harvard University's department of Afro-American Studies for many years. In such works as Figures in Black (1987) and The Signifying Monkey (1988) he has used the term signifyin' to represent a practice that can link African and African American literary histories; his other books include Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man (1998). He has edited many anthologies, including Reading Black, Reading Feminist (1990) and the Norton Anthology of African American Writers (1997), and has restored and edited many lost works by black writers. He writes frequently to a general public, notably in The New Yorker, and he wrote the television series Wonders of the African World (1999)
Henry Louis Gehrig: born June 19, 1903, New York, N.Y., U.S. died June 2, 1941, New York U.S. baseball player, one of the game's great hitters. Gehrig attended Columbia University before joining the New York Yankees. From 1925 to 1939 the left-handed first baseman played in a record 2,130 consecutive games. He earned the nickname "the Iron Horse" long before this streak was over; Gehrig's record was not broken until 1995 (see Cal Ripken). In 1932 Gehrig became the first player to hit four home runs in a single game, and he batted in 150 or more runs in a season seven times. In 1939 his physical abilities had begun to deteriorate and he took himself out of the lineup; he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which came to be known as Lou Gehrig's disease. He left baseball with a career batting average of .340 and 493 home runs. His 1,990 runs batted in place him third in history, behind Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth. On July 4, 1939, more than 60,000 Yankee fans turned out to recognize Gehrig's achievements and heard him deliver a speech in which he claimed to be the "luckiest man on the face of the earth." Gehrig was the first player to have his number (4) retired by his team
Henry Louis Gehrig: {i} Lou Gehrig (1903-1941), U.S. baseball player who died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, four-time winner of the Most Valuable Player award
Henry Louis Jr. Gates: born Sept. 16, 1950, Keyser, W.Va., U.S. U.S. critic and scholar. Gates attended Yale University and the University of Cambridge. He has chaired Harvard University's department of Afro-American Studies for many years. In such works as Figures in Black (1987) and The Signifying Monkey (1988) he has used the term signifyin' to represent a practice that can link African and African American literary histories; his other books include Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man (1998). He has edited many anthologies, including Reading Black, Reading Feminist (1990) and the Norton Anthology of African American Writers (1997), and has restored and edited many lost works by black writers. He writes frequently to a general public, notably in The New Yorker, and he wrote the television series Wonders of the African World (1999)
Henry Louis Mencken: born Sept. 12, 1880, Baltimore, Md., U.S. died Jan. 29, 1956, Baltimore U.S. controversialist, humorous journalist, and critic. Mencken worked on the staff of the Baltimore Sun for much of his life. With George Jean Nathan (1882-1958), he coedited The Smart Set (1914-23) and cofounded and edited (1924-33) the American Mercury, both important literary magazines. Probably the most influential U.S. literary critic in the 1920s, he often used criticism to jeer at the nation's social and cultural weaknesses. Prejudices (1919-27) collects many of his reviews and essays. In The American Language (1919; supplements 1945, 1948) he brought together American expressions and idioms; by the time of his death he was perhaps the leading authority on the language of the U.S
Henry Luce: (1898-1967) American journalist and publisher, founder of the magazines "Time" "Life" "Fortune" and "Sports Illustrated
Henry M Flagler: born , Jan. 2, 1830, Hopewell, N.Y., U.S. died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Fla. U.S. financier. He initially worked as a grain merchant. His friendship with John D. Rockefeller led to their establishing a firm that in 1870 became the Standard Oil Co. Flagler served as a director of Standard Oil of New Jersey until 1911. He was hugely influential in the development of Florida as a vacation centre, involving himself in such enterprises as extending the Florida East Coast Railway, dredging Miami's harbour, and the construction of a chain of luxury hotels
Henry M Hyndman: born March 7, 1842, London, Eng. died Nov. 22, 1921, London British Marxist political leader. Educated at the University of Cambridge, he worked as a journalist before founding the socialist Democratic Federation, and in England for All (1881), the first English socialist book in almost 50 years, he expounded the ideas of Karl Marx. He steered many British socialists toward Marxism, but Friedrich Engels, who disliked Hyndman, encouraged many to break away and form the Socialist League. During World War I Hyndman took a patriotic and pro-French line, causing his ouster from the Socialist Party, whereupon he formed the National Socialist Party (1916), later renamed the Social Democratic Federation
Henry Mancini: (1924-1994) American musician and composer of film and television soundtracks, winner of the 1963 Grammy Award for Best Record for his album "Moon River
Henry Mancini: orig. Enrico Nicola Mancini born April 16, 1924, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. died June 14, 1994, Beverly Hills, Calif. U.S. composer. While serving in the army air force during World War II, he met Glenn Miller, and after the war he joined Miller's band as an arranger and pianist. He first gained wide attention with his jazz-inflected music for the television series Peter Gunn (1958), but he is perhaps best known for his humorous scores for Blake Edwards's Pink Panther movies. He worked extensively with Edwards throughout his career. He wrote scores for more than 80 films and won four Academy Awards for two songs "Moon River" and "Days of Wine and Roses" and for the film scores for Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) and Victor/Victoria (1982). He also won 20 Grammy Awards and 2 Emmys
Henry Martyn Leland: born Feb. 16, 1843, Danville, Vt., U.S. died March 26, 1932, Detroit, Mich. U.S. engineer and manufacturer. Trained as a machinist, he founded Leland & Faulconer Manufacturing Co. in Detroit in 1890 to build engines for automobile makers. In 1904 he merged the company into his newly founded Cadillac Motor Car Co., where he created the successful Model A Cadillac. In 1917 he founded the Lincoln Motor Co., which was purchased by Henry Ford in 1922. He was known for his rigorous standards; his innovations included the V-8 engine and adoption of the electric starter
Henry Maudslay: born Aug. 22, 1771, Woolwich, Kent, Eng. died Feb. 14, 1831, London British engineer and inventor. The son of a workman, he became the inventor of machines fundamentally important to the Industrial Revolution, most outstandingly the metal lathe. He also invented methods for printing calico cloth and for desalting seawater for ships' boilers, as well as a measuring machine that was accurate to 0.0001 in. (0.00025 cm), and he designed and built many stationary and marine engines. Several outstanding engineers, notably James Nasmyth and Joseph Whitworth, learned their profession in Maudslay's shop. See also Joseph Bramah
Henry Mayers Hyndman: born March 7, 1842, London, Eng. died Nov. 22, 1921, London British Marxist political leader. Educated at the University of Cambridge, he worked as a journalist before founding the socialist Democratic Federation, and in England for All (1881), the first English socialist book in almost 50 years, he expounded the ideas of Karl Marx. He steered many British socialists toward Marxism, but Friedrich Engels, who disliked Hyndman, encouraged many to break away and form the Socialist League. During World War I Hyndman took a patriotic and pro-French line, causing his ouster from the Socialist Party, whereupon he formed the National Socialist Party (1916), later renamed the Social Democratic Federation
Henry Mayhew: born 1812, London, Eng. died July 25, 1887, London English journalist and sociologist. He studied law but soon turned to journalism. In 1841 he founded the highly successful Punch. A vivid and voluminous writer, he is best known for London Labour and the London Poor (1851-62), an evocation of the sights and sounds of the working-class districts of London, which influenced Charles Dickens and other writers. He also wrote plays, farces, fairy tales, and novels, some in collaboration with his brother Augustus Septimus Mayhew (1826-75)
Henry Miller: a US writer whose novels include Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn (1891-1980). born Dec. 26, 1891, New York, N.Y., U.S. died June 7, 1980, Pacific Palisades, Calif. U.S. writer and perennial bohemian. Miller wrote about his Brooklyn, N.Y., childhood in Black Spring (1936). Tropic of Cancer (1934), a monologue about his life as an impoverished expatriate in Paris, and Tropic of Capricorn (1939), which draws on his earlier New York phase, were banned as obscene in the U.S. and Britain until the 1960s. The Air-Conditioned Nightmare (1945) is a critical account of a tour of the U.S. He settled on the California coast, where he became the centre of a colony of admirers and wrote his Rosy Crucifixion trilogy, Sexus, Plexus, and Nexus (U.S. ed., 1965)
Henry Miller Shreve: born Oct. 21, 1785, Burlington county, N.J., U.S. died March 6, 1851, St. Louis, Mo. U.S. inventor and explorer. He grew up on the western Pennsylvania frontier and began making trading voyages after his father's death in 1799. In the War of 1812 he was skipper of the Enterprise, the second steamboat on the Mississippi, carrying supplies for Andrew Jackson's army. Though it was the first steamboat to reach Louisville, Ky. (1815), the trip convinced Shreve of the need for a new design for river steamers. His design for the Washington with a flat shallow hull, a steam engine on the main deck, and a second deck established the Mississippi steamboat type. To clear rivers of debris, he later designed the first snag boat. His camp on the Red River in Louisiana grew into a permanent settlement as Shreveport
Henry Moore: (1898-1986) English sculptor and artist
Henry Moore: a British sculptor considered by many people to be the most important British sculptor of the 20th century. He made many large sculptures of people in a partly abstract style, especially of women lying down (1898-1986). born July 30, 1898, Castleford, Eng. died Aug. 31, 1986, Much Hadham English sculptor and graphic artist. The son of a coal miner, he was enabled to study at the Royal College of Art by a rehabilitation grant after being wounded in World War I. His early works were strongly influenced by the Mayan sculpture he saw in a Paris museum. From 1931 on he experimented with abstract art, combining abstract shapes with the human figure and at times leaving the human figure behind altogether. When materials grew scarce during World War II, he concentrated on drawings of Londoners sheltering from bombs in Underground stations. Commissions for a Madonna and Child and a family group turned his style from abstraction to the more humanistic approach that became the basis of his international reputation. He returned to experimentation in the 1950s with angular, pierced standing figures in bronze. Much of his work is monumental, and he is particularly well known for a series of reclining nudes. Among his major commissions were sculptures for UNESCO's Paris headquarters (1957-58), Lincoln Center (1963-65), and the National Gallery of Art (1978)
Henry Morrison Flagler: born , Jan. 2, 1830, Hopewell, N.Y., U.S. died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Fla. U.S. financier. He initially worked as a grain merchant. His friendship with John D. Rockefeller led to their establishing a firm that in 1870 became the Standard Oil Co. Flagler served as a director of Standard Oil of New Jersey until 1911. He was hugely influential in the development of Florida as a vacation centre, involving himself in such enterprises as extending the Florida East Coast Railway, dredging Miami's harbour, and the construction of a chain of luxury hotels
Henry Morton Stanley: a British explorer. In 1871 he was sent by a US newspaper to find David Livingstone in Africa, and is famous for saying "Dr Livingstone, I presume" when he found him. People sometimes say this as a joke when they meet someone (1841-1904)
Henry Moseley: {i} Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (1887-1915), British physicist who deduced that the atomic number (number of protons within a nucleus) of an element can be determined from the element's x-ray spectrum
Henry Norman Bethune: born March 3, 1890, Gravenhurst, Ont., Can. died Nov. 12, 1939, Huang Shikou, Hebei, China Canadian surgeon and political activist. He began his medical career in 1917, serving with Canadian forces in World War I. During the Spanish Civil War he was a surgeon with the loyalist forces, setting up the first mobile blood-transfusion service. After a trip to the Soviet Union in 1935, he joined the Communist Party of Canada. In 1938 he left Canada to serve as a surgeon with the Chinese army in its war with Japan, organizing field hospitals and setting up medical schools. He became a national hero of China
Henry Ossawa Tanner: born June 21, 1859, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. died May 25, 1937, Paris, France U.S. painter. He studied under Thomas Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he was the only black student. He moved to Paris in 1891, and by 1894 his work was being exhibited at the annual Salons, where he was awarded honourable mention in 1896 for Daniel in the Lions' Den and won a medal in 1897 for his Raising of Lazarus. He gained international acclaim and many awards for his landscapes and his treatments of biblical themes. He was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1923, and in 1927 he became the first African American granted full membership in the National Academy of Design
Henry Peach Robinson: born July 9, 1830, Ludlow, Shropshire, Eng. died Feb. 21, 1901, Tunbridge Wells British photographer. Tiring of doing portraits, he turned to "high art" photographs, which imitated the anecdotal genre paintings popular at the time, creating them by pasting together parts of several negatives ("combination printing"). His photograph Fading Away (1858), depicting the peaceful death of a young girl surrounded by her grieving family, skillfully combines five different negatives. He used costumed models to shoot bucolic scenes in his studio. His Pictorial Effect in Photography (1869) was for decades the most influential book in English on photographic practice
Henry Pelham: born 1696 died March 6, 1754, London, Eng. British prime minister (1743-54). He was elected to Parliament in 1717 and, as a supporter of Robert Walpole, became secretary for war (1724) and paymaster of the forces (1730). He succeeded Walpole as prime minister and chancellor of the Exchequer in 1743 and led a stable Whig ministry with parliamentary assistance from his brother, Thomas Pelham-Holles, duke of Newcastle. Pelham resisted attempts to prolong the War of the Austrian Succession and signed the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748). After the war, he introduced financial reforms, including lower military expenditures, a reduced land tax, and a consolidation of the national debt
Henry Purcell: an English composer who wrote the opera Dido and Aeneas (1659-95). born 1659, London, Eng. died Nov. 21, 1695, London British composer. Little is known of his origins, but he was in the Chapel Royal choir from boyhood, and he probably studied with Pelham Humfrey (1647-74) and John Blow (1649-1708). His first known composition was written at age eight. When his voice changed, he assisted in keeping the royal instruments in repair and tuning the Westminster Abbey organ. He became organist there in 1679 and at the Chapel Royal in 1682. He wrote music in a number of genres. His opera Dido and Aeneas (1689) is notable for achieving a high degree of dramatic intensity within a narrow framework. This he followed with the "semi-operas" King Arthur (1691), The Fairy Queen (1692), and The Indian Queen (1695). He also wrote much incidental music, some 250 songs, 12 fantasias for viol consort, and many anthems and services. He is regarded as the greatest English composer after William Byrd and before the 20th century
Henry Purcell: (1659-1695) English composer and organist, composer of the opera "Dido and Aeneas
Henry R Luce: born April 3, 1898, Dengzhou, Shandong province, China died Feb. 28, 1967, Phoenix, Ariz., U.S. U.S. magazine publisher. Luce was born to U.S. missionary parents. He graduated from Yale University in 1920. While at Yale he had met Briton Hadden, with whom he launched Time in 1923. He added the business magazine Fortune in 1929 and Life magazine in 1936. Among other Luce magazines were House & Home, established in 1952, and Sports Illustrated, launched in 1954. His publications, founded as means of educating what Luce considered a poorly informed U.S. public, had many imitators, and Luce became one of the most powerful figures in the history of U.S. journalism. Both he and his wife, Clare Boothe Luce, had a major influence on the Republican Party and on national affairs
Henry Richard Vassall Fox 3rd Baron Holland: born Nov. 21, 1773, Winterslow, Wiltshire, Eng. died Oct. 22, 1840, London British Whig politician. He was the nephew and disciple of Charles James Fox, whose ideas he expounded in the House of Lords. As lord privy seal in George Grenville's "Ministry of All the Talents" coalition (1806-07), he helped secure the abolition of the slave trade in the British colonies. He later served as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster (1830-34, 1835-40)
Henry Richard Vassall Fox 3rd Baron Holland of Foxley and of Holland: born Nov. 21, 1773, Winterslow, Wiltshire, Eng. died Oct. 22, 1840, London British Whig politician. He was the nephew and disciple of Charles James Fox, whose ideas he expounded in the House of Lords. As lord privy seal in George Grenville's "Ministry of All the Talents" coalition (1806-07), he helped secure the abolition of the slave trade in the British colonies. He later served as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster (1830-34, 1835-40)
Henry Robinson Luce: born April 3, 1898, Dengzhou, Shandong province, China died Feb. 28, 1967, Phoenix, Ariz., U.S. U.S. magazine publisher. Luce was born to U.S. missionary parents. He graduated from Yale University in 1920. While at Yale he had met Briton Hadden, with whom he launched Time in 1923. He added the business magazine Fortune in 1929 and Life magazine in 1936. Among other Luce magazines were House & Home, established in 1952, and Sports Illustrated, launched in 1954. His publications, founded as means of educating what Luce considered a poorly informed U.S. public, had many imitators, and Luce became one of the most powerful figures in the history of U.S. journalism. Both he and his wife, Clare Boothe Luce, had a major influence on the Republican Party and on national affairs
Henry Robinson Luce: (1898-1967) American journalist and publisher, founder of the magazines "Time" "Life" "Fortune" and "Sports Illustrated
Henry Ross Perot: {i} Ross Perot (born 1930), Texas businessman and millionaire, independent candidate in the 1992 U.S. presidential elections, founder of the political movement "United We Stand America
Henry Ross Perot: born June 27, 1930, Texarkana, Texas, U.S. U.S. businessman. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy, he served in the navy (1953-57). He worked for IBM from 1957 to 1962, when he formed his own company, Electronic Data Systems; he sold it in 1984 to General Motors for $2.5 billion. In 1992 he became an independent candidate for U.S. president. Appealing to voters dissatisfied with traditional party politics, he won 19% of the popular vote, the best third-party presidential showing since 1912. He ran again in 1996 but received only 8% of the vote. His Reform Party, which he founded in 1995, gradually established its autonomy from him
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft: born March 28, 1793, Albany county, N.Y., U.S. died Dec. 10, 1864, Washington, D.C. U.S. explorer and ethnologist. He served as topographer on an expedition to the Lake Superior region (1820), then married a woman who was part Ojibwa and became an Indian agent. In 1832 he discovered the source of the Mississippi River at Lake Itaska, Minn. A treaty he concluded with the Ojibwa in 1836 ceded much of their land in northern Michigan to the U.S. Schoolcraft's six-volume Indian Tribes of the United States (1851-57) was a pioneering, though flawed, work
Henry Royce: {i} Sir Henry Royce, Frederick Henry Royce (1863-1933), English car manufacturer who was the cofounder of the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing company (together with Charles Stewart Rolls)
Henry Saint John 1st Viscount Bolingbroke: born Sept. 16, 1678, probably Wiltshire, Eng. died Dec. 12, 1751, Battersea, near London British politician. After entering Parliament in 1701, he became a prominent Tory in the reign of Queen Anne, serving as secretary of war (1704-08) and of state (1710-15). He was dismissed from office by George I and, fearing impeachment because of his intrigues with the Jacobites, he fled to France in 1715. He returned to England in 1725 and became the centre of a literary circle that included Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and John Gay. He waged an influential propaganda campaign in opposition to the Whigs and their leader, Robert Walpole, and also wrote several historical and philosophical works, including The Idea of a Patriot King (published secretly by Pope in 1744 and as a corrected version in 1749)
Henry Sidgwick: born May 31, 1838, Skipton, Yorkshire, Eng. died Aug. 29, 1900, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire British philosopher. Educated at Cambridge, he remained there as a fellow (from 1859) and professor (from 1883). His Methods of Ethics (1874) is considered by some the most significant 19th-century ethical work in English. Drawing on the utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill and the categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant, he proposed a system of "universalistic hedonism" that would reconcile the apparent conflict between the pleasure of self and the pleasure of others. His other writings include Principles of Political Economy (1883) and Elements of Politics (1891). He also cofounded the Society for Psychical Research (1882) and helped found Cambridge's first women's college
Henry Stewart Lord Darnley: born Dec. 7, 1545, Temple Newsom, Yorkshire, Eng. died Feb. 9/10, 1567, Edinburgh, Scot. English nobleman, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of James I. Son of Matthew Stewart, earl of Lennox (1516-71), a pretender to the Scottish throne, Henry wed his cousin Mary in 1565 despite the opposition of Elizabeth I and Scottish Protestants. It became evident, even to Mary, that superficial charm was his only positive attribute. After he played a role in the murder of Mary's secretary, David Riccio, he was himself murdered at age 21 at the instigation of James Hepburn, earl of Bothwell (1535-78), whom Mary soon married
Henry Tudor: Henry VII, King. Henry VII, King
Henry V: Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1106-1125) who fought against Flanders, Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland. King of England (1413-1422) who succeeded his father, Henry IV, and suppressed the Lollards, executing their leader, Sir John Oldcastle (1417). He also reopened the Hundred Years' War, defeating the French at Agincourt (1415) and capturing all of Normandy by 1419
Henry VI: King of England (1422-1461 and 1470-1471) who as an infant succeeded his father, Henry V, and for most of his reign exercised little power. He was taken prisoner in the Yorkist victory at Northampton (1460), and Edward IV was proclaimed king (1461). Rescued from captivity, Henry regained the throne (1470) but was recaptured at the Battle of Barnet and murdered in the Tower of London
Henry VII: King of England (1485-1509) and founder of the Tudor line. Head of the house of Lancaster, he led the opposition to Richard III, defeated Richard at Bosworth Field (August 22, 1485), and was proclaimed king. In 1486 Henry married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster
Henry VIII: {i} (1491-1547) 16th century king of England
Henry VIII: King of England (1509-1547) who succeeded his father, Henry VII. His divorce from Catherine of Aragon, his first wife, compelled him to break from the Catholic Church by the Act of Supremacy (1534)
Henry Valentine Miller: born Dec. 26, 1891, New York, N.Y., U.S. died June 7, 1980, Pacific Palisades, Calif. U.S. writer and perennial bohemian. Miller wrote about his Brooklyn, N.Y., childhood in Black Spring (1936). Tropic of Cancer (1934), a monologue about his life as an impoverished expatriate in Paris, and Tropic of Capricorn (1939), which draws on his earlier New York phase, were banned as obscene in the U.S. and Britain until the 1960s. The Air-Conditioned Nightmare (1945) is a critical account of a tour of the U.S. He settled on the California coast, where he became the centre of a colony of admirers and wrote his Rosy Crucifixion trilogy, Sexus, Plexus, and Nexus (U.S. ed., 1965)
Henry Vaughan: v. born April 17, 1622, Llansantffraed, Breconshire, Wales died April 23, 1695, Llansantffraed Anglo-Welsh poet and mystic. Vaughan studied law but from the 1650s practiced medicine. After writing two volumes of secular poems, he read the religious poet George Herbert and gave up "idle verse." He is chiefly remembered for the spiritual vision or imagination evident in his fresh and convincing religious verse and is considered one of the major practitioners of Metaphysical poetry. Works that reveal the depth of his religious convictions include Silex Scintillans (1650, enlarged 1655; "The Glittering Flint") and the prose Mount of Olives (1652). He also translated short moral and religious works and two medical works
Henry Villard: v. orig. Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard born April 10, 1835, Speyer, Bavaria died Nov. 12, 1900, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., U.S. German-born U.S. journalist and financier. In 1853 he immigrated to the U.S., where he first found work with German-language newspapers. During the Civil War he was a correspondent for two New York City newspapers. In 1881 he purchased the Nation magazine and the New York Evening Post. In the 1870s he organized several railroads in Oregon, and from 1881 to 1884 he was president of the Northern Pacific, a transcontinental railroad completed under his management despite large cost overruns; he later served as chairman of the board (1888-93). He bought two Edison companies and created the Edison General Electric Co. in 1889, serving as president until its reorganization in 1892 as the General Electric Co
Henry W Halleck: born Jan. 16, 1815, Westernville, N.Y., U.S. died Jan. 9, 1872, Louisville, Ky. Union officer during the American Civil War. A graduate of West Point, he was commissioned in the engineers and sent on a tour of military facilities in Europe (1844), after which he wrote a textbook on war (1846) that became widely used. In 1861 he became supreme commander of Union forces in the western theatre and hurriedly organized large volunteer armies, though the military successes of the following spring were largely due to subordinate generals such as Ulysses S. Grant and John Pope. In 1862 he was appointed general in chief of Union forces, but subsequent reverses in Virginia and conflict with his subordinates and with the secretary of war Edwin M. Stanton resulted in his replacement by Grant in 1864
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: a popular US poet who wrote long poems about US legends (=old and popular stories of brave people, great events or adventures etc) . His most famous poems are The Song of Hiawatha, The Courtship of Miles Standish, Paul Revere's Ride, and The Wreck of the Hesperus (1807-82). born Feb. 27, 1807, Portland, Mass., U.S. died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. poet. Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin College and traveled in Europe before joining the modern-language faculties of Bowdoin (1829-35) and Harvard (1836-54). His Voices of the Night (1839), containing "The Psalm of Life" and "The Light of the Stars," first won him popularity. Ballads and Other Poems (1841), including "The Wreck of the Hesperus" and "The Village Blacksmith," swept the nation, as did his long poem Evangeline (1847). With Hiawatha (1855), The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858), and Tales of a Wayside Inn (1863), including "Paul Revere's Ride," he became the best-loved American poet of the 19th century. He later translated Dante's Divine Comedy (1867) and published his intended masterpiece, Christus, a trilogy on Christianity (1872). The hallmarks of his verse are gentleness, simplicity, and an idealized vision of the world
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: {i} (1807-1882) United States poet
Henry Wager Halleck: born Jan. 16, 1815, Westernville, N.Y., U.S. died Jan. 9, 1872, Louisville, Ky. Union officer during the American Civil War. A graduate of West Point, he was commissioned in the engineers and sent on a tour of military facilities in Europe (1844), after which he wrote a textbook on war (1846) that became widely used. In 1861 he became supreme commander of Union forces in the western theatre and hurriedly organized large volunteer armies, though the military successes of the following spring were largely due to subordinate generals such as Ulysses S. Grant and John Pope. In 1862 he was appointed general in chief of Union forces, but subsequent reverses in Virginia and conflict with his subordinates and with the secretary of war Edwin M. Stanton resulted in his replacement by Grant in 1864
Henry Ward Beecher: born June 24, 1813, Litchfield, Conn., U.S. died March 8, 1887, Brooklyn, N.Y. U.S. Congregational clergyman. The son of a minister, he was the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Catharine Esther Beecher. After graduating from Amherst College and later studying at Lane Theological Seminary, he served as pastor to congregations in Indiana. In 1847 he was called to Plymouth Church in Brooklyn. A famous orator and one of the most influential preachers of his time, he opposed slavery and supported women's suffrage, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, and scientific biblical criticism. He gained unfavourable publicity in 1874 when he was put on trial for adultery, but he was acquitted and returned to his church
Henry Warren Beatty: orig. Henry Warren Beaty born March 30, 1937, Richmond, Va., U.S. U.S. film actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. He studied acting with famed coach Stella Adler in New York and made his film debut in Splendor in the Grass (1961). He later starred in and produced the influential film Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Often cowriting, directing, or producing his own films, he later starred in Shampoo (1975), Heaven Can Wait (1978), Reds (1981, Academy Award for direction), and Bulworth (1998)
Henry Watson Fowler: a British writer of dictionaries of the English language. He is known especially for his Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1858-1933). born March 10, 1858, Tonbridge, Kent, Eng. died Dec. 26, 1933, Hinton St. George, Somerset English lexicographer and philologist. With his brother, Francis George Fowler (d. 1918), he wrote The King's English (1906) and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English (1911). H.W. Fowler's major work, planned with his brother, was A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926), an alphabetical listing of points of grammar, syntax, style, pronunciation, and punctuation, whose depth, style, and humour have made it a classic
Henry Wells: {i} (1805-1878) United States businessman and expressman who founded the American Express Company in 1850 and organized "Wells, Fargo and Company" in 1852 with William Fargo
Henry William Blair: born Dec. 6, 1834, Campton, N.H., U.S. died March 14, 1920, Washington, D.C. U.S. politician. He practiced law from 1859 and served in the New Hampshire state legislature before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1875-79) and Senate (1879-91). In 1876 he sought to give revenues from the sale of public lands to the nation's schools, and in 1881 he proposed to "vitalize" the schools with a $120-million grant to the states; neither effort succeeded. He also advocated women's rights and racial justice
Henry William Stiegel: orig. Heinrich Wilhelm Stiegel born May 13, 1729, near Cologne died Jan. 10, 1785, Charming Forge, Pa., U.S. German-born U.S. ironmaster and glassmaker. After arriving in Philadelphia in 1750, he quickly became a prosperous ironmaster. In 1762 he bought a huge tract of land in Lancaster County and built the town of Manheim, where he established American Flint Glassworks; there he imported Venetian, German, and English glassworkers to make utilitarian vessels and high-quality blue, purple, green, and clear tableware. He owned three mansions, where his comings and goings were announced by a cannon salute and band music, but his lavish style and adverse economic conditions eventually bankrupted him
Henry Winkler: {i} Henry Franklin Winkler (born 1945), USA actor and director who played "The Fonz" on the television series "Happy Days
Henry Wood Promenade Concerts: the official name of the proms
Henry Wriothesley 3rd earl of Southampton: born Oct. 6, 1573, Cowdray, Sussex, Eng. died Nov. 10, 1624, Bergen op Zoom, Neth. English nobleman, patron of William Shakespeare. Grandson of the 1st earl of Southampton, he became a favourite of Elizabeth I. He was a liberal patron of writers, including Thomas Nashe. Shakespeare dedicated two long poems to him (1593, 1594), and he has often been identified as the noble youth addressed in most of Shakespeare's sonnets. He accompanied the 2nd earl of Essex on expeditions to Cádiz and the Azores (1596, 1597). For supporting the Essex rebellion (1601), he was imprisoned (1601-03); following James I's accession, he regained his place at court. He became a privy councillor in 1619, but he lost favour by opposing the 1st duke of Buckingham. He and his son volunteered to fight for the United Provinces against Spain, but, soon after landing in the Netherlands, they both died of fever
Henry and William Lawes: (baptized Jan. 5, 1596, Dinton, Wiltshire, Eng. died Oct. 21, 1662, London) (baptized May 1, 1602, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng. died Sept. 24, 1645, Chester, Cheshire) English composers. Both brothers served at the court of Charles I. Henry became the leading English songwriter of his time; some 435 of his songs survive. His theatrical music includes that to John Milton's masque Comus (1634). William wrote a large quantity of instrumental music, mostly for string consorts. His music for some 25 dramatic productions, including works by Ben Jonson and William Davenant, made him the principal English theatrical composer before Henry Purcell. He fought with the Royalists during the English Civil Wars and was killed at the siege of Chester
Henry de Montherlant: born April 21, 1896, Paris, France died Sept. 21, 1972, Paris French novelist and dramatist. Born into a noble family, he wrote stylistically concise works that reflect his own egocentric and autocratic personality. His major work of fiction is a cycle of four novels (1936-39) translated as The Girls, which describes the relationship between a libertine novelist and his adoring female victims. In the 1940s he turned to theatre; his best dramatic works include Malatesta (1946), Port-Royal (1954), and La Guerre civile (1965)
Henry the Navigator: Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. Portuguese Henrique o Navegador orig. Henrique, infante (prince) de Portugal, duque (duke) de Viseu, senhor (lord) da Covilha born March 4, 1394, Porto, Port. died Nov. 13, 1460, Vila do Infante, near Sagres Portuguese prince and patron of explorers. He helped his father, John I, capture the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415 and served as governor of Ceuta and later of the Portuguese province of Algarve. He established his own court at Sagres and sponsored voyages of discovery in the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa. As grand master of the Order of Christ, he gained funds for backing voyages aimed at the conversion of pagans. His patronage led to the development of the Portuguese caravel and improved navigational instruments and the advancement of cartography
Henry-Louis Le Châtelier: born Oct. 8, 1850, Paris, France died Sept. 17, 1936, Miribel-les-Échelles French chemist. A professor at the Collège de France and the Sorbonne, he is best known for the principle of Le Châtelier, which makes it possible to predict the effect that a change in conditions (temperature, pressure, or concentration of components) will have on a chemical reaction. The principle, invaluable in the chemical industry in developing the most efficient and profitable chemical processes, may be stated thus: A system at equilibrium, when subjected to a perturbation, responds in a way that tends to minimize its effect. Le Châtelier was also an authority on metallurgy, cements, glasses, fuels, explosives, and heat
henry ford: United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)
henry i: King of England from 1100 to 1135; youngest son of William the Conqueror; conquered Normandy in 1106 (1068-1135)
henry ii: first Plantagenet King of England; instituted judicial and financial reforms; quarreled with archbishop Becket concerning the authority of the crown over the church (1133-1189) king of France from 1547 to 1559; regained Calais from the English; husband of Catherine de Medicis and father of Charles IX (1519-1559)
henry iii: son of King John and king of England from 1216 to 1272; his incompetence aroused baronial opposition led by Simon de Montfort (1207-1272) son of Henry II of France and the last Valois to be king of France (1551-1589)
henry iv: the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)
henry v: son of Henry IV and King of England from 1413 to 1422; reopened the Hundred Years' War and defeated the French at Agincourt (1387-1422)
henry vi: son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461; he was taken prisoner in 1460 and Edward IV was proclaimed king; he was rescued and regained the throne in 1470 but was recaptured and murdered in the Tower of London (1421-1471)
henry vii: first Tudor king of England from 1485 to 1509; head of the house of Lancaster in the War of the Roses; defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field and was proclaimed king; married the daughter of Edward IV and so united the houses of York and Lancaster (1457-1509)
henry viii: son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and the start of the Reformation in England (1491-1547)
henry's law: (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
Herbert Henry 1st earl of Oxford and Asquith Asquith: born Sept. 12, 1852, Morley, Yorkshire, Eng. died Feb. 15, 1928, Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire British politician and prime minister (1908-16). Elected to the House of Commons in 1886, he served as home secretary (1892-95). A leader of the Liberal Party, he became prime minister in 1908. His plan to limit the powers of the House of Lords was enacted by the Parliament Act of 1911. He led Britain in the early years of World War I, but domestic crises combined with British losses in the war led to widespread dissatisfaction. He resigned in 1916 but remained leader of his party until 1926
Herbert Henry Asquith: {i} (1852-1928) British politician, 36th prime minister of Great Britain, Viscount Asquith of Morley
Herbert Henry Asquith: a British Liberal politician and Prime Minister from 1908 to 1916 (1852-1928)
Herbert Henry Dow: {i} Herbert Dow (1866-1930), American chemist and industrialist who established the Dow Chemical Company in 1897
Herbert Henry Dow: born Feb. 26, 1866, Belleville, Ont., Can. died Oct. 15, 1930, Rochester, Minn., U.S. U.S. inventor and manufacturer. After attending college in Cleveland, Dow developed and patented electrolytic methods (the Dow process) for extracting bromine from brines (concentrated water solutions of salts). In 1895 he founded the Dow Chemical Co. to electrolyze brine for chlorine, used in insecticides. He was the first U.S. producer of iodine (which he also extracted from brine). He eventually was granted some 65 patents as his company became one of the world's leading chemical manufacturers
Good King Henry: A species of goosefoot, Chenopodium bonus-henricus, native to Britain and much of Europe, cultivated as a vegetable
Hooray Henry: An offensively loud mouthed upper class man
John Henry: One's signature
good-king-henry: alternative spelling of the plant Good King Henry
Alfred Henry Sturtevant: born Nov. 21, 1891, Jacksonville, Ill., U.S. died April 5, 1970, Pasadena, Calif. U.S. geneticist. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and taught principally at California Institute of Technology (1928-70). In 1912 he developed a technique for mapping the location of specific genes of the chromosomes in Drosophila. He later proved that crossing-over (the exchange of genes between chromosomes) could be prevented in Drosophila. He was one of the first to warn against the hazards of fallout as a consequence of nuclear bomb testing
Benjamin Henry Latrobe: born May 1, 1764, Fulneck, Yorkshire, Eng. died Sept. 3, 1820, New Orleans, La., U.S. British-U.S. architect and civil engineer. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1795. His first important building was the State Penitentiary in Richmond, Va. In 1798, in Philadelphia, he designed the Bank of Pennsylvania, considered the first U.S. monument of the Greek Revival style. Pres. Thomas Jefferson appointed him surveyor of public buildings. Latrobe inherited the task of completing the U.S. Capitol, and later rebuilt it after its destruction by the British. In Baltimore he designed the country's first cathedral (1818). He was active as an engineer, especially in the design of waterworks. He is widely regarded as having established architecture as a profession in the U.S
Cape Henry: Promontory, at the southern entrance to Chesapeake Bay, southeastern Virginia, U.S. Located in Virginia Beach city, it is opposite Cape Charles, to which it is connected by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. It is the site of Cape Henry Memorial, which marks the 1607 landing of the first permanent English settlers in America. The memorial, part of Colonial National Historical Park, includes the Old Lighthouse, the first in the U.S. (1792). The nearby New Lighthouse (1881) has one of the world's most powerful lights, visible offshore for 20 mi (32 km)
Cardinal John Henry Newman: a British theologian (=someone who studies religion and religious beliefs) and writer. He was a priest in the Church of England and became leader of the Oxford Movement. Later he changed his religion and became a Roman Catholic, and he was made a cardinal (=a priest of high rank) in 1879 (1801-90)
Charles Henry Goren: born March 4, 1901, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. died April 3, 1991, Encino, Calif. U.S. contract bridge authority. Goren learned bridge while a law student at McGill University. His innovative system of point-count bidding and his repeated successes in tournaments made him one of the world's most famous and influential players. His several popular books include the widely translated Goren's Bridge Complete (1963)
Charles Sumner and Henry Mather Greene: born Oct. 12, 1868, Brighton, Ohio, U.S. died June 11, 1957, Carmel, Calif. born Jan. 23, 1870, Brighton, Ohio died Oct. 2, 1954, Pasadena, Calif. U.S. architects. The Greene brothers established a partnership in Pasadena, Calif., in 1894. Using a Modernist approach, they pushed the older Stick style further than it had ever gone. In the years 1904-11 they pioneered the influential California bungalow, a single-storied house with a low-pitched roof. Their bungalows feature wide, low volumes, the use of balconies and verandas to achieve a melding of indoor and outdoor space, and frank utilization of wood members (sticks), exquisitely worked and extending gracefully beyond the edges of the spreading gables
Colin Henry Wilson: born June 26, 1931, Leicester, Leicestershire, Eng. British writer. Born into a working-class family, he initially thought of a career in science, then gravitated toward writing. At age 24 he published The Outsider (1957), a study of 20th-century alienation that had phenomenal success. His next book was dismissed as unoriginal or superficial, but Ritual in the Dark (1960) and Adrift in Soho (1961) helped repair his reputation. Many of his more than 70 books deal with the psychology of crime, the occult, human sexuality, and his own existential philosophy. Alien Dawn (1998) discusses the UFO phenomenon
Edmund Henry Allenby: {i} (1861-1936) British field marshal, first governor of Palestine during the British Mandate
Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby 1st Viscount Allenby: born April 23, 1861, Brackenhurst, near Southwell, Nottinghamshire, Eng. died May 14, 1936, London British field marshal. He fought in the South African War and served as inspector general of cavalry (1910-14). In World War I, he commanded with distinction in the Middle East. His victory over the Turks at Gaza (1917) led to the capture of Jerusalem, and his victory at Megiddo, along with his capture of Damascus and Aleppo, ended Ottoman power in Syria. His success was partly due to his innovative use of cavalry and other mobile forces, and he is remembered as the last great British leader of mounted cavalry. As high commissioner for Egypt (1919-25), he steered that country to recognition as a sovereign state (1922)
Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby 1st Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and of Felixstowe: born April 23, 1861, Brackenhurst, near Southwell, Nottinghamshire, Eng. died May 14, 1936, London British field marshal. He fought in the South African War and served as inspector general of cavalry (1910-14). In World War I, he commanded with distinction in the Middle East. His victory over the Turks at Gaza (1917) led to the capture of Jerusalem, and his victory at Megiddo, along with his capture of Damascus and Aleppo, ended Ottoman power in Syria. His success was partly due to his innovative use of cavalry and other mobile forces, and he is remembered as the last great British leader of mounted cavalry. As high commissioner for Egypt (1919-25), he steered that country to recognition as a sovereign state (1922)
Edward Henry Baron Carson: born Feb. 9, 1854, Dublin, Ire. died Oct. 22, 1935, Minster, Kent, Eng. Irish lawyer and politician. In 1892 he was elected to the British House of Commons and was appointed Irish solicitor general. He served as British solicitor general (1900-05), attorney general (1915), first lord of the Admiralty (1916-17), and lord of appeal (1921-29). Known as the "uncrowned king of Ulster," he successfully led Northern Irish resistance to the British government's attempts to introduce Home Rule for all of Ireland
Edward Henry Baron Carson of Duncairn: born Feb. 9, 1854, Dublin, Ire. died Oct. 22, 1935, Minster, Kent, Eng. Irish lawyer and politician. In 1892 he was elected to the British House of Commons and was appointed Irish solicitor general. He served as British solicitor general (1900-05), attorney general (1915), first lord of the Admiralty (1916-17), and lord of appeal (1921-29). Known as the "uncrowned king of Ulster," he successfully led Northern Irish resistance to the British government's attempts to introduce Home Rule for all of Ireland
Edward Henry Gordon Craig: born Jan. 16, 1872, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Eng. died July 29, 1966, Vence, France British actor, stage designer, and drama theorist. The son of Ellen Terry, he acted with Henry Irving's company (1889-97), then turned to designing stage sets, decor, and costumes. He moved to Florence (1906), where he opened the School for the Art of the Theatre (1913). His international journal The Mask (1908-29) made his theatrical ideas widely known. His books On the Art of the Theatre (1911), Towards a New Theatre (1913), and Scene (1923) outlined innovations in stage design based on the use of portable screens and changing patterns of light; his theories influenced the antinaturalist trends of the modern theatre
Edward Henry Harriman: born , Feb. 25, 1848, Hempstead, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 9, 1909, near Turner, N.Y. U.S. financier and railroad magnate. After working as an office boy and then a stockbroker on Wall Street, he began his career in railroad management as an executive with the Illinois Central. In 1898 he organized a syndicate to acquire the bankrupt Union Pacific Railroad Co., which he soon brought into prosperity. Using unpopular business methods, he acquired several other lines, notably the Southern Pacific. His abortive 1901 contest with James J. Hill for control of the Northern Pacific led to one of Wall Street's most serious financial crises. The railway trust Harriman formed with J.P. Morgan was dissolved by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1904. His son W. Averell Harriman joined the company in 1915 (chairman 1932-46) and was active in politics; he was elected governor of New York (1954-58) and served the U.S. government as a representative and diplomat in Europe, the Far East, and the Soviet Union
Elbert Henry Gary: born Oct. 8, 1846, near Wheaton, Ill., U.S. died Aug. 15, 1927, New York, N.Y. U.S. businessman, chief organizer of the U.S. Steel Corp. He began practicing law in 1871, becoming an authority on corporate law, and he served as judge of DuPage County, Ill. (1882-90). In 1898 he became president of Federal Steel Co.; when Federal merged with other companies to become U.S. Steel Corp. in 1901, Gary was elected chairman of the board of directors. As chief executive officer for 26 years, he presided over its growth and development. He promoted profit sharing, higher wages, and better working conditions, but he was a firm opponent of unions. Gary, Ind., named in his honour, was laid out in 1906 by U.S. Steel
Ernest Henry Starling: born April 17, 1866, London, Eng. died May 2, 1927, Kingston Harbour, Jam. British physiologist. His studies of lymph secretion clarified the roles of different pressures in fluid exchanges between vessels and tissues. Starling and William Bayliss showed how nerve impulses control peristalsis and coined the term hormone. Starling also found that water and necessary chemicals filtered out by the kidneys are reabsorbed at the lower end of the nephron. His Principles of Human Physiology (1912), continually revised, was a standard international text
Fiorello Henry La Guardia: {i} (1882-1947) U.S. lawyer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, mayor of New York City (1933-1945)
Fiorello Henry La Guardia: born Dec. 11, 1882, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 20, 1947, New York City U.S. politician, mayor of New York City (1933-45). He practiced law in New York City from 1910 before serving in the U.S. House of Representatives (1917, 1918-21, 1923-33). A progressive Republican, he cosponsored a bill that restricted the courts' power to ban strikes, boycotts, and picketing by organized labour; opposed Prohibition; and supported woman suffrage and child-labour laws. As New York's mayor, he fought Tammany Hall corruption and introduced reform programs for civic improvement through low-cost housing, social-welfare services, and new roads and bridges. A colourful figure with a flair for the dramatic, he enjoyed enormous popularity for his fearlessness and his lack of pretension. In 1945 he declined to run for a fourth term as mayor
Fiorello Henry LaGuardia: {i} Fiorello La Guardia (1882-1947), U.S. lawyer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, mayor of New York City (1933-1945)
FitzRoy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Raglan: born Sept. 30, 1788, Badminton, Gloucestershire, Eng. died June 28, 1855, near Sevastopol, Crimea, Russia English army officer. He served as aide and, later, military secretary to the duke of Wellington. Appointed commander in chief of British forces in the Crimean War (1854), he gave an ambiguous order in the Battle of Balaklava that led to the disastrous charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade under the earl of Cardigan. Raglan became the scapegoat for the campaign's lack of progress and the inadequate supplies to the troops in the winter of 1854-55. His name was applied to the raglan sleeve, probably designed to adapt his coat to the arm he had amputated after the Battle of Waterloo
FitzRoy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Raglan of Raglan: born Sept. 30, 1788, Badminton, Gloucestershire, Eng. died June 28, 1855, near Sevastopol, Crimea, Russia English army officer. He served as aide and, later, military secretary to the duke of Wellington. Appointed commander in chief of British forces in the Crimean War (1854), he gave an ambiguous order in the Battle of Balaklava that led to the disastrous charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade under the earl of Cardigan. Raglan became the scapegoat for the campaign's lack of progress and the inadequate supplies to the troops in the winter of 1854-55. His name was applied to the raglan sleeve, probably designed to adapt his coat to the arm he had amputated after the Battle of Waterloo
Frank Henry Loesser: born June 29, 1910, New York, N.Y., U.S. died July 28, 1969, New York City U.S. composer, librettist, and lyricist. The son of a piano teacher, in 1936 he moved to Hollywood, where he worked with Burton Lane, Jule Styne, Jimmy McHugh, and Hoagy Carmichael. His wartime songs include "Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition" and "What Do You Do in the Infantry?"; postwar hits include "On a Slow Boat to China" and "Baby It's Cold Outside" (Academy Award, 1949). His first Broadway musical was Where's Charley? (1948; film, 1952). In 1950 he produced Guys and Dolls (film, 1955), one of the greatest American musicals. It was followed by The Most Happy Fella (1956) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962, Pulitzer Prize). His work for film includes the score for Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
Franklin Henry Hooper: born Jan. 28, 1862, Worcester, Mass., U.S. died Aug. 14, 1940, near Saranac Lake, N.Y. U.S. editor. He was the brother of Horace Everett Hooper, publisher of Encyclopædia Britannica. He joined the Britannica staff in 1899, and over the next 39 years he was connected with five editions of the Britannica, serving as editor in chief 1932-38
Frederick Henry: Dutch Frederik Hendrik born Jan. 29, 1584, Delft, Holland died March 14, 1647, The Hague Third hereditary stadtholder (1625-47) of the Dutch Republic. He succeeded his half brother, Maurice of Nassau, as prince of Orange and count of Nassau. Like his father, William I, Frederick Henry continued the war of independence against Spain. By establishing hereditary succession to the stadtholdership for the house of Orange, he exercised semimonarchical powers. A successful strategist, he was responsible for the United Provinces' foreign policy, beginning negotiations that led to a favourable treaty with Spain in 1648
Frederick Henry Evans: born June 26, 1853, London, Eng. died June 24, 1943, London British photographer. He first attracted attention as a popular London bookseller and champion of the work of George Bernard Shaw and Aubrey Beardsley. Around 1890 he began to photograph English and French cathedrals, and from 1898 he devoted himself exclusively to photography. His belief that only static views of idealized beauty were worth photographing clashed with the early 20th-century tendency to photograph fleeting images, but his architectural photographs are considered among the world's finest
Frederick Henry Royce: {i} Sir Henry Royce, Henry Royce (1863-1933), English car manufacturer who was the cofounder of the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing company (together with Charles Stewart Rolls)
George Henry Crumb: born , Oct. 24, 1929, Charleston, W.Va., U.S. U.S. composer. Born to musician parents, he studied at the University of Michigan and from 1965 taught at the University of Pennsylvania. His style is known particularly for its unusual and hauntingly evocative timbres. Echoes of Time and the River (1967, Pulitzer Prize) and Ancient Voices of Children (1970) brought him wide fame. His other works include Madrigals, Books I-IV (1965-70), Night of the Four Moons (1969), Black Angels (1970), Makrokosmos I and II (1972, 1973), and Star-Child (1977)
George Henry Evans: born March 25, 1805, Bromyard, Herefordshire, Eng. died Feb. 2, 1856, Granville, N.J., U.S. British-born U.S. newspaper editor and social reformer. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1820. In 1829 he founded the Working Man's Advocate, the first major U.S. labour newspaper, and cofounded the Workingmen's Party. He organized the National Reform Association to lobby Congress for free homesteads in the West, arguing that the availability of free land would draw away excess workers from the East and keep wages high for those who remained (see Homestead Movement). His efforts led to the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862. He also fought for the abolition of slavery and advocated equal rights for women
George Henry Fox: {i} George Fox (1846-1937), United States dermatologist (Fox' sign named after him)
George Henry Thomas: born July 31, 1816, Southampton county, Va., U.S. died March 28, 1870, San Francisco, Calif. U.S. general. He was a graduate of West Point. When the American Civil War broke out, he remained loyal to the Union despite his Southern birth. He commanded an independent force in eastern Kentucky, where he won the first important Union victory in the west in 1862. At the Battle of Chickamauga he organized an unyielding defense, earning promotion to brigadier general and the nickname "the Rock of Chickamauga." In 1864 he defeated the Confederate forces of Gen. John B. Hood (1831-79) in the Battle of Nashville, earning another promotion and the gratitude of Congress
Henri: Marie Henri Beyle Bazin Henri Émile Becquerel Antoine Henri Bergson Henri Louis Cartier Bresson Henri Chambord Henri Dieudonné d'Artois count de Constant de Rebecque Henri Benjamin Dunant Jean Henri Duparc Marie Eugène Henri Estienne Henri II Henri II Étienne Fantin Latour Ignace Henri Jean Théodore Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Giraud Henri Honoré Grégoire Henri Guise Henri I de Lorraine 3rd duke de Guise Henri II de Lorraine 5th duke de Henri Robert Henri de Navarre Jomini Antoine Henri baron de Lartigue Jacques Henri Charles Auguste Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Pétain Henri Philippe Poincaré Jules Henri Prévert Jacques Henri Marie Richard Joseph Henri Maurice Riesener Jean Henri Rohan Henri duke de Louis Henri Jean Farigoule Rouault Georges Henri Rousseau Henri Saint Laurent Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Simon Claude Henri de Rouvroy comte de Simon Claude Eugène Henri Spaak Paul Henri Tocqueville Alexis Charles Henri Maurice Clérel de Toulouse Lautrec Monfa Henri Marie Raymond de Velde Henri van de Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand de Grimaldi Turenne Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne viscount de Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne
Henri: {i} male first name (French)
Jacob Henry Schiff: born , Jan. 10, 1847, Frankfurt am Main died Sept. 25, 1920, New York, N.Y., U.S. German-born U.S. financier and philanthropist. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1865 and in 1875 joined the investment-banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. He succeeded his father-in-law as head of the firm in 1885 and became one of the leading railroad bankers in the U.S. He played a pivotal role in the reorganization of several transcontinental lines, notably the Union Pacific Railroad and the Northern Pacific Railway. During the Russo-Japanese War he sold Japanese bonds in the U.S., for which he was decorated by the emperor of Japan. His extensive philanthropies included large contributions to Barnard College and the Jewish Theological Seminary

Turkish - English

Definition of henry in Turkish English dictionary: Henry
henry ana borusu: through brake pipe
henry sabiti: (Askeri) henryâ€™s constant

henry

Hyphenation

Hen·ry

Turkish pronunciation

henri

Synonyms

eighth

Pronunciation

/ˈhenrē/ /ˈhɛnriː/

Etymology

[ 'hen-rE ] (noun.) circa 1890. Germanic haim (“home”) + ric (“ruler”).

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henry

Definition of henry in English Turkish dictionary

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Definition of henry in Turkish Turkish dictionary

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Definition of henry in English English dictionary

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Definition of henry in Turkish English dictionary

Related Terms

Hyphenation

Turkish pronunciation

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Pronunciation

Etymology

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