Linear trough of subsidence of the Earth's crust, in which vast amounts of sediment accumulate. The filling of a geosyncline with thousands or tens of thousands of feet of sediment is accompanied by folding, crumpling, and faulting of the deposits. Intrusion of crystalline igneous rock and regional uplift complete the transformation into a belt of folded mountains. The concept was introduced by James Hall in 1859 and is basic to the theory of mountain building. See also Andean Geosyncline; Appalachian Geosyncline; Cordilleran Geosyncline. Andean Geosyncline Appalachian Geosyncline Cordilleran Geosyncline
Linear trough in the Earth's crust in which rocks were deposited in South America in the Mesozoic Era (248-65 million years ago) and Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). A complex history of volcanism, uplift, block faulting, and erosion led eventually to the present configuration of the Andes Mountains
Great downbuckle in the Earth's crust in the region of the present Appalachian Mountains. It was in the Appalachians that James Hall first worked out the geosynclinal theory of mountain building (see geosyncline)
Linear trough in the Earth's crust in which rocks of Late Precambrian to Mesozoic Age (roughly 600-65 million years ago) were deposited along the western coast of North America. The principal mountain-building phases of the geosyncline took place during Mesozoic time, but many earlier events have also been recorded. Deformation of the Cordilleran Geosyncline and the formation of the Cordilleran fold belt appear to have been related to the development of oceanic trenches along the western margins of the North American continent