A term used to describe programs which would separate government payments to farmers from the current or future quantity of a commodity produced or marketed, and from the quantity of inputs used in production Farmers would make production decisions based on market prices but receive government payments independent of production and marketing decisions
A technique for setting the rates of a utility so that the earnings a company can achieve are not coupled to the level of sales In standard utility ratesetting, at least for non-fuel costs, if sales go down, earnings go down, and if sales go up, earnings go up This is a disincentive to DSM Decoupling allows rates to float up and down with the level of sales, so that earnings are not tied to sales
The concept of separating federal farm payments from the requirement that farmers produce specified program crops and/or divert land from production A chief goal of decoupling is to remove a seemingly inherent contradiction in traditional policy: asking farmers to reduce production, while implicitly encouraging more output by tying their benefits to each unit produced The decoupling concept was first introduced during debate over policy options in the 1985 omnibus farm bill, and was effectively implemented by policy changes made by the FAIR Act of 1996
A method for ``turning off'' the interactions between two sets of spins In NMR, this task can be achieved if one applies a rapid sequence of refocusing pulses to one set of spins The other set of spins can then be controlled and observed as if independent of the first set
the process of isolating one stage of an amplifier from another This is usually done by adding a resistor in series with the power supply to a gain stage and a large value electrolytic capacitor from the supply to ground after the resistor Decoupling prevents oscillations and other noises that may occur due to unwanted feedback through the power supply connections It also provides further filtering of the power supply to reduce ripple, producing a cleaner DC supply for the low-level preamp stages
when acquiring spectra of nuclei other than protons the effects of proton coupling can be removed (to improve the S/N ratio and simplify the spectra) by applying a train of 180° pulses at the proton frequency while acquiring at the frequency of the other nucleus
The separation of utility sales from revenues A link between sales and revenues encourages utilities to promote higher levels of energy use, rather than to conserve energy Under decoupling, a utility's allowable profits increase as certain efficiency goals are met