david

English - Turkish

Definition of david in English Turkish dictionary

Davud peygamber. Hz. Davud

davut

davud

serhat

Related Terms

star of david

(Bilgisayar) süleyman'ın mührü

Saint David's Day

(Din) Aziz Davud günü

messiah son of david

david of messiah oğlu

tower of david

david kule

English - English

Definition of david in English English dictionary

A male given name

Well, don't think I'll settle for so little, Mr. Talbot. Or should I call you David? I think you look like a David, you know, righteous and clean living and all of that.

A patronymic surname common in Wales

The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of Saul

David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.

A Welsh patronymic surname from which are derived the surnames Davis, Davies, Davidson and Davison

Patron saint of Wales. His shrine at St. David's in southwest Wales was an important place of pilgrimage during the Middle Ages. a statue of a young man made by the artist Michelangelo, which can be seen in Florence, in Italy. Many people think it is one of the best examples of the human form in art. known as David the Builder born 1073 died 1125 King of Georgia (1089-1125). Sometimes known as David III, he became coruler with his father, Giorgi II, in 1089. David defeated the Turks in the Battle of Didgori (1122) and captured Tbilisi. Under his leadership Georgia became the strongest state in Caucasia. born March 5, 1324, Dunfermline, Fife, Scot. died Feb. 22, 1372, Scotland King of the Scots from 1329. In keeping with an Anglo-Scottish peace treaty, he was married at age four to the sister of Edward III of England. His reign was marked by conflict with England and a decline in the prestige of the monarchy. He went into exile in France in 1334 after Edward III supported a rival for the throne, and he fought against Edward for the French king Philip VI. David returned to Scotland in 1341 and carried out raids against the English, who captured him in 1346. He was released in 1357 on the promise of ransom, and his offer to trade the Scottish throne for forgiveness of the ransom money was repudiated in Scotland. born 1082 died May 24, 1153, Carlisle, Cumberland, Eng. King of the Scots (1124-53). The youngest of six sons of Malcolm III Canmore, he became king of Scotland on the death of his brother Alexander I. He created a rudimentary central administration, issued the first Scottish royal coinage, and admitted into Scotland an influential Norman aristocracy. David also reorganized Scottish Christianity to conform with European and English usages and founded many religious communities. He had obtained lands in central England through his marriage to the daughter of an English earl in 1113, and he won title to Northumberland from the future Henry II in 1149. born Bethlehem, Judah died 962 BC, Jerusalem Second of the Israelite kings (r. 1000- 962 BC). David was an aide at the court of Saul until the monarch's jealousy forced him into outlawry. He became king of Israel on Saul's death. He captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and made it his capital, defeated the Philistines, and gained control of many bordering kingdoms. He faced several revolts, including one by his third son, Absalom. He unified all Israel into one kingdom and made Jerusalem both the religious and political centre. He made the name Yahweh the supreme name for the god of Israel, who was worshiped in Jerusalem, and ruled that all other names for God were mere titles or attributes of Yahweh. Though the kingdom split under David's son and successor Solomon, religious unity endured, and the house of David symbolized the bond between God and Israel. The word messiah comes from hameshiach, the title of kings of the line of David. Abernathy Ralph David Attenborough Sir David Frederick Baltimore David Belasco David Ben Gurion David David Gruen Bergey David Hendricks Bohr Niels Henrik David Bowie David David Robert Jones Brewer David Josiah David Warren Brubeck Byrne David Camp David Camp David Accords Casement Sir Roger David Chambers David Whittaker Coolidge William David David Crockett Cronenberg David David ap Llywelyn David II David the Builder David I David of Tao David Gerard David Jacques Louis David Star of Magen David Davis David Dubinsky David Duncan David Douglas Eisenhower Dwight David Eldridge David Roy Fairchild David Grandison Farragut David Glasgow Friedrich Caspar David Frost Sir David Paradine Garrick David Benjamin David Goodman Griffith David Wark Gross Samuel David Hilbert David Hill David Octavius and Robert Adamson Hockney David Hubel David Hunter Hume David David Jones Jordan David Starr Josephson Brian David Kaunda Kenneth David David Daniel Kaminski Kern Jerome David Key David McKendree Laing Ronald David Lawrence David Herbert David John Moore Cornwell Lean Sir David Letterman David Livingstone David Lloyd George of Dwyfor David Lloyd George Earl Lynch David David Harrison Macon Mamet David Alan Maysles Albert and David McGwire Mark David Merrick David David Margulois Ogilvy David Mackenzie Oistrakh David Fyodorovich Peckinpah David Samuel Porter David Porter David Dixon Ricardo David Riccio David Richardson Sir Ralph David Riesman David Rittenhouse David Rockefeller David Ross Sir William David Rusk David Dean Salinger Jerome David Sarnoff David Scharnhorst Gerhard Johann David von Scofield David Paul Selznick David Oliver Siqueiros David Alfaro Smith David Roland Souter David Hackett Susskind David Howard Teniers David Thoreau Henry David Trimble William David Walker David Weisgall Hugo David Yorck von Wartenburg Johann David Ludwig Count Zinder Norton David

{i} male first name; family name; Hebrew shepherd who killed Goliath by a stone and who became second king of Israel (Old Testament); king of North Wales; name of two kings of Scotland; town in Panama

Hebrew for "beloved"

French neoclassical painter who actively supported the French Revolution (1748-1825)

(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites; as a young shepherd he fought Goliath (a giant Philistine warrior) and killed him by hitting him in the head with a stone flung from a sling; he united Israel with Jerusalem as its capital; many of the Psalms are attributed to David (circa 1000-962 BC) French neoclassical painter who actively supported the French Revolution (1748-1825) patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

King of Yisrael-first in his lineage

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

The second and great king of Israel who reigned about 1000 BCE and became king on the death of King Saul He was of the tribe of Judah and, of note, killed the Philistine champion Goliath and wrote many of the Psalms (songs) in the Bible Saint David: the patron saint of Wales Legend has it that this British saint belonged to a noble family He is said to have founded twelve monasteries and finally settled at Mynyw or Menevia, now St Davids He died round about 601 AD and his festival day is 1 March

The son of Jesse, anointed by Samuel to become king in place of Saul; he killed Goliath; his sons Amnon, Absalom, Adonijah, and Solomon fought to follow him on the throne; he is associated with the biblical psalms and is credited with politically and militarily uniting the ancient Israelite confederation into a centralized kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital; he created the largest empire Israel ever knew; David is said to have planned for the Temple which his son and successor Solomon built See Chapter 8, Chapter 8

Islam views King David as a prophet

Related Terms

David Alan Mamet

born Nov. 30, 1947, Chicago, Ill., U.S. U.S. playwright, director, and screenwriter. In 1973 he founded the St. Nicholas Theatre Co. in Chicago. He won wide notice with Sexual Perversity in Chicago (1974) and followed it with plays such as American Buffalo (1977) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1983, Pulitzer Prize). He became known for rapid-fire dialogue studded with obscenities and for his preoccupation with power relationships and corporate corruption. Mamet used the rhythms and rhetoric of everyday speech to delineate character, describe intricate relationships, and drive dramatic development. His later plays include Speed-the-Plow (1987), Oleanna (1992), and The Cryptogram (1994); his screenplays include The Verdict (1980) and The Untouchables (1986). He also wrote and directed films such as House of Games (1987) and State and Main (2000)

David Alfaro Siqueiros

born Dec. 29, 1896, Chihuahua, Mex. died Jan. 6, 1974, Cuernavaca Mexican painter. A Marxist activist from his youth, he fought in the Mexican Revolution alongside Venustiano Carranza, who rewarded him by sponsoring his studies in Europe. Back in Mexico (1922), he began his lifework of decorating public buildings with murals and organizing unions of artists and workers. With Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco, he cofounded the renowned school of Mexican mural painting. His activism interrupted his career several times when he was imprisoned, chose self-imposed exile, and fought in the Spanish Civil War. His murals are marked by great dynamism, monumental size and vigour, and a limited colour range subordinated to dramatic effects of light and shadow. His easel paintings (e.g., Echo of a Scream, 1937) helped establish his international reputation. In 1968 he became the first president of the Mexican Academy of Arts

David Bailey

a British photographer, famous for his photos of fashionable people in the 1960s (1938- )

David Baltimore

born March 7, 1938, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. virologist. He received his doctorate from the Rockefeller Institute. He and Howard Temin (1934-94), working independently, discovered an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA, the reverse of the usual process. This enzyme, reverse transcriptase, has become an invaluable tool in recombinant DNA technology. The research of Baltimore, Temin, and Renato Dulbecco helped illuminate the role of viruses in cancer; the three men shared a Nobel Prize in 1975. In 1990 Baltimore became president of Rockefeller University; in 1997 he became president of the California Institute of Technology

David Beckham

{i} (born 1975 as David Robert Joseph Beckham), English soccer player and former star of the famous team Manchester United (he is married to Spice Girls star Victoria Adams)

David Belasco

born July 25, 1853, San Francisco, Calif., U.S. died May 14, 1931, New York, N.Y. U.S. theatrical producer and playwright. He acted with traveling companies before becoming a theatre manager, first in San Francisco and later in New York City (from 1880). An independent producer from 1890, he built his own theatre in 1906; there he introduced changes in stage lighting, used realistic scenery, and demanded high production standards. He successfully fought against the monopolistic Theatrical Syndicate. He wrote or collaborated on numerous plays, including Madame Butterfly (1900) and The Girl of the Golden West (1905), which were made into operas by the Italian composer Giacomo Puccini

David Ben-Gurion

{i} (1886-1973) Israeli statesman, first prime minister of the modern state of Israel

David Ben-Gurion

an Israeli politician who is considered responsible for establishing the independent Jewish nation of Israel. He was also Israel's first Prime Minister (1886-1973). orig. David Gruen born Oct. 16, 1886, Posk, Pol., Russian Empire died Dec. 1, 1973, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel First prime minister of Israel (1948-53, 1955-63). Introduced to Zionism by his father, Ben-Gurion immigrated to Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire, in 1906, hoping to fulfill the Zionist aspiration of building a Jewish state in historic Israel. Expelled by the Ottomans at the outbreak of World War I (1914-18), he traveled to New York, where he married. Following the issuance of the Balfour Declaration, he joined the British army's Jewish Legion and returned to the Middle East. In the 1920s and '30s he led several political organizations, including the Jewish Agency, world Zionism's highest directing body. As Britain became more sympathetic to the interests of the Palestinian Arabs, thereafter restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine, he called on the Jewish community to rise against Britain. However, he again called for Jews to support the Allies during World War II (1939-45), while continuing the clandestine immigration of Jews to Palestine. On the establishment of the State of Israel (1948), he became prime minister and minister of defense. He succeeded in fusing the underground Jewish militias that had fought the British into a national army, which he used successfully to defend against Arab attacks. Unpopular with Britain and the U.S., he found an ally in France then embroiled in its own war in the Arab world which helped arm Israel in the period leading to the Suez Crisis (1956). He retired from the premiership in 1963 and from the Knesset (parliament) in 1970. See also Arab-Israeli wars

David Bohnett

founder and General Manager of the Geocities company (Internet site made from virtual cities)

David Bowie

influenced many later musicians (1947- ) an English singer, songwriter, and actor who was extremely successful in the 1970s. His records, such as The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972). orig. David Robert Jones born Jan. 8, 1947, London, Eng. British rock singer. In the mid-1960s Bowie sang in a number of bands in his native London. He changed his name in 1966 to avoid confusion with the lead singer of the Monkees. His first hit recording, "Space Oddity" (1969), and albums such as The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars (1972) ushered in the glam rock trend, marked by theatricality and androgyny. His style varied widely, from the disco romanticism of Young Americans (1975) to the avant-garde austerities of Low (1977) to the mainstream pop of Let's Dance (1983). Bowie also acted in stage plays and in films such as The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976). He continued to record and perform into the 21st century

David Bowie

(born 1947, David Robert Hayward-Jones) British singer and actor

David Byrne

born May 14, 1952, Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scot. Scottish-born U.S. singer and songwriter. At the Rhode Island School of Design in the mid-1970s, he cofounded the rock group Talking Heads as singer and guitarist. Identified with the new wave movement (see punk), the band's debut album Talking Heads '77 (1977) was followed by releases that reflected Byrne's interest in experimental pop and African rhythms, including Speaking in Tongues (1983), Stop Making Sense (soundtrack for film of the same name; 1984), and solo albums such as Rei Momo (1989). An ethnomusicologist and producer, Byrne also wrote the score for choreographer Twyla Tharp's The Catherine Wheel (1980) and directed the film True Stories (1986)

David Campese

(1962-), an Australian rugby union player who has scored more tries in international games than any other player

David Cassidy

(born 1950) U.S.actor and musician (known for his role in the 1970s television series "The Partridge Family")

David Copperfield

{i} (born 1956 as David Seth Kotkin) U.S. magician famous for his acts of grand illusion; novel written by Charles Dickens (published in 1850)

David Copperfield

David Copperfield. a novel by Charles Dickens which describes the life of its main character, David Copperfield, from the time when he was a poor orphan (=a child whose parents have both died) . It is one of Dickens's most popular books, and is partly based on his own life. Many people know its characters, including Mr Micawber and Uriah Heep (1849-50)

David Crockett

{i} (1786-1836) known as "Davy" Crockett, U.S. frontiersman and statesman who is also folklore hero (was killed in the "Alamo"); city in Texas (USA)

David Cronenberg

born May 15, 1943, Toronto, Ont., Can. Canadian film director, screenwriter, and actor. He began making horror films in the 1970s and acquired a cult following with films such as Scanners (1981) and Videodrome (1982). He found a wider horror-film audience with The Dead Zone (1983), The Fly (1986), and Dead Ringers (1988). Later films included Naked Lunch (1991), Crash (1996), and eXistenZ (1999)

David Cronenberg

{i} (born 1943 as David Paul Cronenberg) Canadian horror and science fiction movie director

David Crosby

(born 1941) U.S. singer and songwriter, member of the folk rock group "Crosby Stills and Nash

David Daniel Kominsky

{i} birth name of Danny Kaye (1913-1987), U.S. entertainer and movie actor

David Davis

born March 9, 1815, Cecil county, Md., U.S. died June 26, 1886, Bloomington, Ill. U.S. jurist. He earned a law degree from Yale in 1835 and established a law practice in Bloomington the following year. He was elected to the Illinois legislature in 1844. As a state circuit-court judge (1848-62) he became a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, and he worked assiduously for Lincoln's election as president in 1860. In 1862 Lincoln appointed him to the Supreme Court of the United States (1862-77). He resigned his seat on the court to accept election to the U.S. Senate (1877-83)

David Dean Rusk

born Feb. 9, 1909, Cherokee county, Ga., U.S. died Dec. 20, 1994, Athens, Ga. U.S. public official and educator. He earned a master's degree as a Rhodes scholar at St. John's College, Oxford, and then taught at Mills College (1934-40). He served in World War II on Gen. Joseph Stilwell's staff. He later held positions in the state and war departments, helping prosecute the Korean War as an assistant secretary of state (1950). After serving as president of the Rockefeller Foundation (1952-60), he became U.S. secretary of state under John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson (1961-69). A consistent defender of U.S. participation in the Vietnam War, he became a target of antiwar protests. He also opposed diplomatic recognition of communist China. After retiring from public life, he taught at the University of Georgia until 1984

David Dixon Porter

born June 8, 1813, Chester, Pa., U.S. died Feb. 13, 1891, Washington, D.C. U.S. naval officer. He served under his father, David Porter, in the West Indies and in the Mexican navy before joining the U.S. Navy in 1829. Promoted to commander in the American Civil War, he served under his foster brother, David Farragut, to help win the Battle of New Orleans. In 1863 he succeeded in running his fleet past the Confederate fort at Vicksburg to meet Ulysses S. Grant's troops and complete the effort to open the Mississippi River to Union forces. After the war he served as superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy (1865-69) and was promoted to admiral (1870)

David Douglas Duncan

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David Dubinsky

born Feb. 22, 1892, Brest-Litovsk, Russian Empire died Sept. 17, 1982, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. labour leader. The son of a baker in Russian Poland, he was sent to Siberia in 1908 for his union activities. In 1911 he escaped and immigrated to the U.S., where he renewed his union work. In 1932 he became president of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), a post he held until 1966. As president, he transformed the ILGWU from a small, fractious regional organization into a model international union. He also played a significant role in the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (see AFL-CIO) in 1955

David Fairchild

born April 7, 1869, Lansing, Mich., U.S. died Aug. 6, 1954, Coconut Grove, Fla. U.S. botanist and agricultural explorer. He studied at Kansas State University of Agriculture. From 1904 to 1928, as head of the section of plant pathology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, he supervised the introduction of many useful plants into the U.S., including alfalfa, dates, mangoes, horseradish, and bamboos

David Fyodorovich Oistrakh

born Sept. 30, 1908, Odessa, Ukraine, Russian Empire died Oct. 24, 1974, Amsterdam, Neth. Russian violinist. After his debut in 1928, he entered and won a number of prestigious competitions. He performed for Soviet troops at the front during World War II and made debuts in the West in the 1950s. Dmitry Shostakovich dedicated both his violin concertos to him. Oistrakh taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1934; one of his most distinguished students was his son Igor (b. 1931), who himself joined the conservatory's faculty in 1958

David G Farragut

born July 5, 1801, near Knoxville, Tenn., U.S. died Aug. 14, 1870, Portsmouth, N.H. U.S. naval officer. He served in the War of 1812 and received his first command in 1824. During the American Civil War he commanded the Union blockade of the western Gulf of Mexico; in the Battle of New Orleans he captured the port through which the Confederacy received much of its war supplies. In 1863 he helped secure victory at the Battle of Vicksburg, bringing the Mississippi River under Union control. In 1864 he led a successful attack in the Battle of Mobile Bay, sending his ships across a blockade of mines ("torpedoes") with the order, "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" He became a full admiral in 1866

David Garrick

born Feb. 19, 1717, Hereford, Herefordshire, Eng. died Jan. 20, 1779, London British actor, producer, and playwright. Tutored in his boyhood by Samuel Johnson, he settled in London as a wine merchant before winning fame with his acting debut as Richard III in 1741. In diverse roles in plays such as King Lear, Hamlet, and Ben Jonson's The Alchemist, he was acclaimed for his naturalistic style and came to be regarded as one of England's greatest actors. As part owner and manager of the Drury Lane Theatre (1747-76) he made it London's most prosperous theatre, reformed theatrical stage practices, and replaced many Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare with his own versions. He wrote over 20 plays

David Glasgow Farragut

born July 5, 1801, near Knoxville, Tenn., U.S. died Aug. 14, 1870, Portsmouth, N.H. U.S. naval officer. He served in the War of 1812 and received his first command in 1824. During the American Civil War he commanded the Union blockade of the western Gulf of Mexico; in the Battle of New Orleans he captured the port through which the Confederacy received much of its war supplies. In 1863 he helped secure victory at the Battle of Vicksburg, bringing the Mississippi River under Union control. In 1864 he led a successful attack in the Battle of Mobile Bay, sending his ships across a blockade of mines ("torpedoes") with the order, "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" He became a full admiral in 1866

David Grandison Fairchild

born April 7, 1869, Lansing, Mich., U.S. died Aug. 6, 1954, Coconut Grove, Fla. U.S. botanist and agricultural explorer. He studied at Kansas State University of Agriculture. From 1904 to 1928, as head of the section of plant pathology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, he supervised the introduction of many useful plants into the U.S., including alfalfa, dates, mangoes, horseradish, and bamboos

David H Souter

born Sept. 17, 1939, Melrose, Mass., U.S. U.S. jurist. He graduated from Harvard Law School and soon joined the New Hampshire attorney general's office. He was promoted to state attorney general in 1976, to the state's Superior Court in 1978, and to its Supreme Court in 1983. In 1990 he was appointed by Pres. George Bush to the First U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and later that year to the U.S. Supreme Court. Considered a conservative at the outset of his appointment, he gradually emerged as a moderate liberal, particularly on issues of civil rights

David Hackett Souter

born Sept. 17, 1939, Melrose, Mass., U.S. U.S. jurist. He graduated from Harvard Law School and soon joined the New Hampshire attorney general's office. He was promoted to state attorney general in 1976, to the state's Superior Court in 1978, and to its Supreme Court in 1983. In 1990 he was appointed by Pres. George Bush to the First U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and later that year to the U.S. Supreme Court. Considered a conservative at the outset of his appointment, he gradually emerged as a moderate liberal, particularly on issues of civil rights

David Hasselhoff

(born 1954) U.S. television actor, star of the series "Baywatch

David Hendricks Bergey

born Dec. 27, 1860, Skippack, Pa., U.S. died Sept. 5, 1937, Philadelphia, Pa. U.S. bacteriologist. He taught school before attending the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a doctorate in public health. He subsequently became director of biological research for the National Drug Company in Philadelphia. He is best remembered as the primary author of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, a reference for classification of bacteria, and he researched such varied topics as tuberculosis, food preservatives, phagocytosis (engulfment of particles by cells), and allergic reactions

David Herbert Lawrence

born Sept. 11, 1885, Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, Eng. died March 2, 1930, Vence, France English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist. The son of a Midlands coal miner and an educated mother, he began to write in 1905 and earned a teaching certificate in 1908. Ford Madox Ford published much of Lawrence's early work in the English Review and helped place his first novel, The White Peacock (1911). Lawrence often drew his themes from his own life and relationships. Sons and Lovers (1913) is a clearly autobiographical novel about working-class family life. In 1914 he married a German woman, Frieda Weekley. The object of hostility and suspicion during World War I because of his pacifism and her origins, the couple lived in various countries after 1919, never returning to England. The Rainbow (1915) and its sequel, Women in Love (1920), trace the sickness of modern civilization to the effects of industrialization upon the human psyche. Kangaroo (1923) describes the persecution he experienced during the war. The Plumed Serpent (1926) was inspired by his fascination with Aztec culture. Lawrence's writing is notable for its intensity and its erotic sensuality; several of his works, including Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), were banned as obscene. He died of the tuberculosis that had plagued him from an early age

David Herbert Lawrence

{i} D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930), English novelist, author of "Lady Chatterly's Lover

David Hilbert

born Jan. 23, 1862, Königsberg, Prussia died Feb. 14, 1943, Göttingen, Ger. German mathematician whose work aimed at establishing the formalistic foundations of mathematics. He finished his Ph.D. at the University of Königsberg (1884) and moved to the University of Göttingen in 1895. In 1900 at the International Mathematical Congress in Paris, he laid out 23 research problems as a challenge to the 20th century. Many have since been solved, in each case to great fanfare. Hilbert's name is prominently attached to an infinite-dimensional space called a Hilbert space (see inner product space), a concept useful in mathematical analysis and quantum mechanics

David Hockney

born July 9, 1937, Bradford, Eng. British painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and stage designer. He studied at the Bradford College of Art and the Royal College of Art in London. In the mid 1960s he taught at the Universities of Iowa, Colorado, and California, and in 1978 he settled permanently in Los Angeles. His portraits, self-portraits, still lifes, and quiet scenes of friends are characterized by economy of technique, preoccupation with light, bright colours, and a frank, mundane realism derived from Pop art and photography. The California swimming pool became one of his favourite themes. A brilliant draftsman and printmaker, he published series of etchings, including illustrations for Six Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm (1969). In the 1970s he achieved prominence as a set designer for the opera and ballet. He later experimented with photography and photocollage, and still later with computer technology and printers

David Howard Susskind

born Dec. 19, 1920, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Feb. 22, 1987, New York City U.S. television producer and host. After being educated at the University of Wisconsin and Harvard University, he worked as a publicist before forming the agency Talent Associates in 1952. He produced numerous television programs, including Circle Theater (1955-63) and Dupont Show of the Month (1957-64), but he became best known as host of the talk shows Open End (1958-67) and The David Susskind Show (1967-86), for which he won many Emmy Awards. Open End began at 11: 00 PM and ran until the program's participants grew too tired to continue. Noted for his provocative discussions of controversial issues such as race relations, organized crime, and the Vietnam War, he also interviewed international leaders, notably Nikita Khrushchev (1960)

David Hubel

born Feb. 27, 1926, Windsor, Ont., Can. Canadian-born U.S. neurobiologist. He studied medicine at McGill University and in 1959 joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School. In 1981 he shared a Nobel Prize with Torsten Wiesel and Roger Sperry for investigations of visual perception, one of their achievements being analysis of the flow of nerve impulses from the retina to the brain's sensory and motor centres

David Hume

{i} (1711-1776) Scottish historian and philosopher

David Hume

a Scottish writer on philosophy and history. His most famous works are A Treatise of Human Nature and History of England. He believed in empiricism, the idea that human knowledge comes only from what we see and feel, and his ideas had great influence on European philosophy (1711-76). born May 7, 1711, Edinburgh, Scot. died Aug. 25, 1776, Edinburgh Scottish philosopher, historian, and economist. He conceived of philosophy as the inductive, experimental science of human nature. His first major work, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), explains the origin of ideas, including the ideas of space, time, and causality, in sense experience; presents an elaborate account of the affective, or emotional, aspects of the mind and assigns a subordinate role to reason in this order ("Reason is, and ought only to be, the slave of the passions"); and describes moral goodness in terms of "feelings" of approval or disapproval that a person has when he considers human behaviour in the light of the agreeable or disagreeable consequences either to himself or to others. The Treatise was poorly received, and late in life Hume repudiated it as juvenile. He revised Book I of the Treatise as An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1758); a revision of Book III was published as An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). His Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), containing a refutation of the argument from design and a critique of the notion of miracles, was withheld from publication during his lifetime at the urging of friends. From his account of the origin of ideas Hume concluded that we have no knowledge of a "self" as the enduring subject of experience; nor do we have knowledge of any "necessary connection" between causally related events. Immanuel Kant, who developed his critical philosophy in direct reaction to Hume, said that Hume had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers." In Britain, Hume's moral theory influenced Jeremy Bentham to adopt utilitarianism. With John Locke and George Berkeley, Hume is regarded as one of the great philosophers of empiricism

David Hunter Hubel

born Feb. 27, 1926, Windsor, Ont., Can. Canadian-born U.S. neurobiologist. He studied medicine at McGill University and in 1959 joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School. In 1981 he shared a Nobel Prize with Torsten Wiesel and Roger Sperry for investigations of visual perception, one of their achievements being analysis of the flow of nerve impulses from the retina to the brain's sensory and motor centres

David I

King of Scotland (1124-1153) who transformed Scotland into a feudalistic society

David IV

{i} David the Builder (1073-1125), king of Georgia from 1089 to 1125 who overpowered the Turks in 1122 in the Battle of Didgori and captured Tbilisi

David J Brewer

born June 20, 1837, Smyrna, Ottoman Empire died March 28, 1910, Washington, D.C., U.S. U.S. jurist. Born to U.S. missionaries, he grew up in Connecticut and practiced law in Kansas from 1858. He served in local judgeships (1861-70), on the state supreme court (1870-84), and on the federal circuit court. Appointed by Pres. Benjamin Harrison to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1889, he generally joined conservatives in resisting the trend toward increased federal power and responsibility. In 1895-97 he led the panel that settled the boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana

David Josiah Brewer

born June 20, 1837, Smyrna, Ottoman Empire died March 28, 1910, Washington, D.C., U.S. U.S. jurist. Born to U.S. missionaries, he grew up in Connecticut and practiced law in Kansas from 1858. He served in local judgeships (1861-70), on the state supreme court (1870-84), and on the federal circuit court. Appointed by Pres. Benjamin Harrison to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1889, he generally joined conservatives in resisting the trend toward increased federal power and responsibility. In 1895-97 he led the panel that settled the boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana

David Koresh

the leader of a small religious group called the Branch Davidians, who lived together in Waco, Texas, in the US. In 1993 the FBI came to arrest him for illegally having guns, and Koresh and 86 members of his group were killed (1959-93)

David Koresh

(1959-1993) leader of the cult known as the Branch Davidians who died along with his followers in a confrontation with U.S. government officials

David Letterman

born April 12, 1947, Indianapolis, Ind., U.S. U.S. television talk-show host. He began his career as a stand-up comedian and was a guest host of Johnny Carson's Tonight Show from 1979. He hosted NBC's post-midnight Late Night with David Letterman (1982-93), winning six Emmy Awards and great popularity with his ironic, abrasive, flippant style of interviewing, which critics viewed as a parody of talk shows. Since 1993 he hosted The Late Show with David Letterman on CBS

David Levi

(born 1938) Israeli politician who served in various offices in the Israeli parliament (including Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Absorption, Minster of Construction and Housing)

David Livingstone

(1813-1873) Scottish missionary and explorer

David Livingstone

born March 19, 1813, Lanarkshire, Scot. died May 1, 1873, Chitambo, Barotseland Scottish missionary and explorer in Africa. Of working-class origins, Livingstone studied theology and medicine in Glasgow before being ordained (1840) and deciding to work in Africa to open up the interior for colonization, extend the Gospel, and abolish the slave trade. By 1842 he had already penetrated farther north of the Cape Colony frontier than any other white man. He was the first European to reach Lake Ngami (1849) and the first to reach Luanda from the interior (1854). He encountered and named Victoria Falls (1855), journeyed across the continent to eastern Mozambique (1856, 1862), explored the Lake Malawi region (1861-63), came across Lakes Mweru and Bangweulu (1867), and penetrated to points farther east of Lake Tanganyika than any previous expedition had managed (1871). His attempt to find the source of the Nile (1867-71) failed. When he was found by Henry Morton Stanley in 1871, his health was failing; he refused to leave, and in 1873 he was found dead by African aides. Livingstone produced a complex body of knowledge geographic, technical, medical, and social that took decades to mine. In his lifetime he stirred the imagination of English-speaking peoples everywhere and was celebrated as one of the great figures of British civilization

David Lloyd George

a Liberal politician who was British Prime Minister from 1916 to 1922. He was against increasing the British Empire and in favour of political change. He introduced pensions and National Insurance (1863-1945)

David Lloyd George

{i} Lloyd George (1863-1945), British statesman, prime minister (1916-1922)

David Lloyd George Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor

born Jan. 17, 1863, Manchester, Eng. died March 26, 1945, Ty-newydd, near Llanystumdwy, Caernarvonshire, Wales British prime minister (1916-22). He entered Parliament in 1890 as a Liberal and retained his seat for 55 years. He served as president of the Board of Trade (1905-08), then as chancellor of the Exchequer (1908-15). Rejection of his controversial "People's Budget" (to raise taxes for social programs) in 1909 by the House of Lords led to a constitutional crisis and passage of the Parliament Act of 1911. He devised the National Insurance Act of 1911, which laid the foundation of the British welfare state. As minister of munitions (1915-16), he used unorthodox methods to ensure that war supplies were forthcoming during World War I. He replaced H.H. Asquith as prime minister in 1916, with Conservative support in his coalition government. His small war cabinet ensured speedy decisions. Distrustful of the competence of the British high command, he was constantly at odds with Gen. Douglas Haig. In the 1918 elections his decision to continue a coalition government further split the Liberal Party. He was one of the three great statesmen responsible for the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference. He began the negotiations that culminated in the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921. He resigned in 1922 and headed an ailing Liberal Party (1926-31)

David Lynch

and Wild at Heart (1990). He also made the cult television programme Twin Peaks (1946-), a US film director famous for making unusual and violent films such as Blue Velvet (1986). His other films include The Elephant Man (1980). born Jan. 20, 1946, Missoula, Mont., U.S. U.S. director. Trained as an artist, he studied in Europe and began experimenting with film in the late 1960s. In 1977 he made his first feature, Eraserhead, a grotesque and nightmarish film that became a cult favourite. He directed the critically acclaimed The Elephant Man (1980), the science-fiction Dune (1984), and the bizarre mystery Blue Velvet (1986). He was noted for his disturbing and dark view of life. His later films include Wild at Heart (1990, Golden Palm), Lost Highway (1997), The Straight Story (1999), and Mulholland Drive (2001). He also created the offbeat television series Twin Peaks (1990-91)

David Lynch

(born 1946) U.S. film director

David M Key

born Jan. 27, 1824, Greene county, Tenn., U.S. died Feb. 3, 1900, Chattanooga, Tenn. U.S. politician. Admitted to the bar in 1850, he practiced law in Chattanooga and became active in Democratic Party politics. He opposed secession by the South but served in the Confederate army during the American Civil War, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war he worked to heal sectional grievances and restore the Union. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate (1875), succeeding former president Andrew Johnson, but two years later was defeated in a bid to retain the seat. When the disputed 1876 presidential election was turned over to a special Electoral Commission, the Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes, secured the support of Southern Democrats by promising, among other things, to appoint a Southerner to his cabinet. Key was thus appointed postmaster general in 1877. From 1880 to 1894 Key was a U.S. district judge in Tennessee

David M Ogilvy

born , June 23, 1911, West Horsley, Surrey, Eng. died July 21, 1999, near Bonnes, France British advertising executive. After an Oxford education, he worked as an apprentice chef and stove salesman before taking a job in an advertising agency. He spent a year in the U.S. learning American advertising techniques. In 1948, with Anderson Hewitt, he formed Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather, which became one of the world's largest advertising firms. He is noted for reminding his colleagues that "the consumer is not a moron," and his ads for brands such as Schweppes and Rolls-Royce were admired for their creativity

David Mackenzie Ogilvy

born , June 23, 1911, West Horsley, Surrey, Eng. died July 21, 1999, near Bonnes, France British advertising executive. After an Oxford education, he worked as an apprentice chef and stove salesman before taking a job in an advertising agency. He spent a year in the U.S. learning American advertising techniques. In 1948, with Anderson Hewitt, he formed Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather, which became one of the world's largest advertising firms. He is noted for reminding his colleagues that "the consumer is not a moron," and his ads for brands such as Schweppes and Rolls-Royce were admired for their creativity

David Mamet

born Nov. 30, 1947, Chicago, Ill., U.S. U.S. playwright, director, and screenwriter. In 1973 he founded the St. Nicholas Theatre Co. in Chicago. He won wide notice with Sexual Perversity in Chicago (1974) and followed it with plays such as American Buffalo (1977) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1983, Pulitzer Prize). He became known for rapid-fire dialogue studded with obscenities and for his preoccupation with power relationships and corporate corruption. Mamet used the rhythms and rhetoric of everyday speech to delineate character, describe intricate relationships, and drive dramatic development. His later plays include Speed-the-Plow (1987), Oleanna (1992), and The Cryptogram (1994); his screenplays include The Verdict (1980) and The Untouchables (1986). He also wrote and directed films such as House of Games (1987) and State and Main (2000)

David Mamet

{i} (born 1947) U.S. playwright and movie director

David McKendree Key

born Jan. 27, 1824, Greene county, Tenn., U.S. died Feb. 3, 1900, Chattanooga, Tenn. U.S. politician. Admitted to the bar in 1850, he practiced law in Chattanooga and became active in Democratic Party politics. He opposed secession by the South but served in the Confederate army during the American Civil War, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war he worked to heal sectional grievances and restore the Union. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate (1875), succeeding former president Andrew Johnson, but two years later was defeated in a bid to retain the seat. When the disputed 1876 presidential election was turned over to a special Electoral Commission, the Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes, secured the support of Southern Democrats by promising, among other things, to appoint a Southerner to his cabinet. Key was thus appointed postmaster general in 1877. From 1880 to 1894 Key was a U.S. district judge in Tennessee

David Merrick

orig. David Margulois born Nov. 27, 1912, St. Louis, Mo., U.S. died April 25, 2000, London, Eng. U.S. theatrical producer. He practiced law until 1949, when he became a producer in New York City. His first independent production, Clutterbuck (1949), was followed over the next 40 years by more than 85 other Broadway shows, including Look Back in Anger (1957), The Entertainer (1958), Gypsy (1959), Oliver! (1963), Hello, Dolly! (1964), and 42nd Street (1980). Many of his productions were critical and commercial successes, and he was known for his skillful use of publicity

David O Selznick

born May 10, 1902, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. died June 22, 1965, Hollywood, Calif. U.S. film producer. He trained with his father, a movie executive, before moving to Hollywood in 1926. Working for MGM, RKO, and other studios, he produced films such as Dinner at Eight (1933), King Kong (1933), David Copperfield (1935), and A Tale of Two Cities (1935). He formed his own company, Selznick International, in 1936 and produced hits such as A Star Is Born (1937). He was essential to the enormous success of Gone with the Wind (1939), overseeing its entire production with detailed memos about every aspect of the movie. He brought Alfred Hitchcock to the U.S. and produced Rebecca (1940) and Spellbound (1945). He also produced Duel in the Sun (1946), The Third Man (1949), and A Farewell to Arms (1957), which starred his second wife, Jennifer Jones

David O. Selznick

a US film producer, famous for Gone With the Wind (1939), which he also helped to write and direct. He also produced Rebecca (1940), Spellbound (1945) and was co-producer of The Third Man (1949) (1902-65)

David Octavius and Robert Adamson Hill

born 1802, Perth, Scot. died May 17, 1870, Newington born 1821, Berunside, Scot. died Jan. 1848, St. Andrews Scottish photographers. Hill, originally a painter, was a founding member of the Royal Scottish Academy and its secretary for 40 years. In 1843 he enlisted the help of Adamson, a chemist experienced in photography, in photographing the delegates to the founding convention of the Free Church of Scotland. They used the calotype process, by which an image was developed from a paper negative. In these and other portraits they demonstrated a masterly sense of form and composition and a dramatic use of light and shade. Their five-year partnership resulted in some 3,000 photographs, including many views of Edinburgh and small fishing villages. Before Adamson died at age 27, they produced some of the greatest photographic portraits of the 19th century

David Oistrakh

born Sept. 30, 1908, Odessa, Ukraine, Russian Empire died Oct. 24, 1974, Amsterdam, Neth. Russian violinist. After his debut in 1928, he entered and won a number of prestigious competitions. He performed for Soviet troops at the front during World War II and made debuts in the West in the 1950s. Dmitry Shostakovich dedicated both his violin concertos to him. Oistrakh taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1934; one of his most distinguished students was his son Igor (b. 1931), who himself joined the conservatory's faculty in 1958

David Oliver Selznick

born May 10, 1902, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. died June 22, 1965, Hollywood, Calif. U.S. film producer. He trained with his father, a movie executive, before moving to Hollywood in 1926. Working for MGM, RKO, and other studios, he produced films such as Dinner at Eight (1933), King Kong (1933), David Copperfield (1935), and A Tale of Two Cities (1935). He formed his own company, Selznick International, in 1936 and produced hits such as A Star Is Born (1937). He was essential to the enormous success of Gone with the Wind (1939), overseeing its entire production with detailed memos about every aspect of the movie. He brought Alfred Hitchcock to the U.S. and produced Rebecca (1940) and Spellbound (1945). He also produced Duel in the Sun (1946), The Third Man (1949), and A Farewell to Arms (1957), which starred his second wife, Jennifer Jones

David Packard

{i} (1912-1996) United State electrical engineer who was the cofounder of Hewlett-Packard

David Paul Scofield

born Jan. 21, 1922, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, Eng. British actor. After entertaining the troops in World War II, he joined the theatre company at Stratford-upon-Avon (later the Royal Shakespeare Company) in 1946, winning acclaim as Henry V and Hamlet. He had his greatest success in A Man for All Seasons in London (1960) and New York City (1961-62) and reprised the role on film (1966, Academy Award). He continued to excel in stage productions, notably Uncle Vanya (1970) and Amadeus (1979). He appeared in the film versions of King Lear (1971), A Delicate Balance (1973), and Henry V (1989), and he later acted in the films Quiz Show (1994) and The Crucible (1996)

David Porter

born Feb. 1, 1780, Boston, Mass., U.S. died March 3, 1843, Pera, Tur. U.S. naval officer. He joined the navy (1798) and served in the Tripolitan War. In the War of 1812 he commanded the Essex, the first U.S. warship to operate in the Pacific Ocean; he captured several British whaling vessels and took possession of Nuku Hiva, the largest of the Marquesas Islands (1813). He was blockaded by British frigates in Valparaíso, Chile, where he surrendered (1814). He served on the board of naval commissioners (1815-23) and commanded a squadron to suppress piracy in the West Indies (1823-25). For unauthorized action against Spanish authorities in Puerto Rico, he was court-martialed and suspended from duty. He resigned in 1826 and became commander of the Mexican navy (1826-29)

David Potter

Chairman of the English computer company "Psion

David Ricardo

born , April 18/19, 1772, London, Eng. died Sept. 11, 1823, Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire British economist. The son of a Dutch Jew, he followed his father into the London stock exchange, where he made a fortune before turning to the study of political economy, in which he was influenced by the writings of Adam Smith. His writings in support of a metal currency standard were influential. In his major work, The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817), he examined the movement of wages and the determination of value, asserting that the domestic values of commodities were largely determined by the labour required for their production. His Iron Law of Wages stated that attempts to improve the real income of workers were futile and that wages tended to stabilize at subsistence level. Though many of his ideas are obsolete, he was a major figure in the development of classical economics and is credited as the first person to systematize economics

David Ricardo

{i} (1772-1823) English economist of Dutch-Jewish parents

David Riccio

orig. Davide Rizzio born 1533, Pancalieri, near Turin, Piedmont died March 9, 1566, Edinburgh, Scot. secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots. The son of a musician, he accompanied the duke of Savoy's ambassador to Scotland and entered Mary's service as a musician (1561). He became her close adviser and helped arrange her marriage to Lord Darnley (1565). Disliked because of his arrogance, Riccio was an impediment to the Scottish nobles' plan to remove Mary. While at dinner in Mary's palace, he was seized by an armed band of nobles, including Lord Ruthven, and stabbed to death

David Riesman

born Sept. 22, 1909, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. died May 10, 2002, Binghamton, N.Y. U.S. sociologist. Riesman taught at the universities of Buffalo and Chicago before returning to Harvard, his alma mater, to teach (1958-80). He studied primarily the social character of the urban middle class and is noted for The Lonely Crowd (1950), the title of which became a catchphrase for the alienation of the individual in modern urban society

David Rittenhouse

born April 8, 1732, Germantown, Pa. died June 26, 1796, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. astronomer and inventor. He was a clockmaker by trade but also built mathematical instruments and, it is believed, the first telescope in the U.S. In 1769 he observed Venus moving across the face of the Sun and noted that Venus has an atmosphere. Rittenhouse served as treasurer of Pennsylvania (1777-89), first director of the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia (1792-95), and president of the American Philosophical Society (1791-96)

David Rockefeller

born June 12, 1915, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. banker and philanthropist. He was the grandson of John D. Rockefeller and brother of Nelson Rockefeller. After earning a Ph.D. in economics at the University of Chicago (1940) and serving in World War II (1942-45), he joined the staff of the Chase National Bank of New York in 1946. He became senior vice president in 1952 and effected the merger with the Bank of Manhattan Co. that resulted in the Chase Manhattan Bank (1955); he served as the bank's chairman of the board from 1969 to 1981. His speciality was international banking, and he was a familiar figure to ministers and heads of state of various countries around the world

David Roland Smith

born March 9, 1906, Decatur, Ind., U.S. died May 23, 1965, Albany, N.Y. U.S. sculptor. He learned to work with metal while employed at an automobile plant. In 1926 he went to New York City and took various jobs while studying painting at the Art Students League. His sculptures grew out of his abstract paintings, to which he attached so many bits of wood, metal, and found objects that they became virtual bases for sculptural superstructures. He became the first U.S. artist to make welded metal sculpture. In 1940 he moved to Bolton Landing, N.Y., and there made his large yet seemingly weightless metal sculptures until his death in a car crash. His abstract biomorphic and geometric forms are remarkable for their erratic inventiveness, stylistic diversity, and high aesthetic quality. His work greatly influenced Minimalist sculpture in the 1960s

David Roy Eldridge

born Jan. 30, 1911, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. died Feb. 26, 1989, Valley Stream, N.Y. U.S. trumpeter, one of the most vital and creative jazz musicians of the swing era. He was influenced by saxophonists such as Coleman Hawkins and developed a fast, nimble technique matched with harmonic sophistication. He played with Fletcher Henderson (1935-36) and was featured with the big bands of Gene Krupa and Artie Shaw in the 1940s. (A nickname reflecting his stature, "Little Jazz," was also the title of a record he made with Shaw). The dominant voice on his instrument in the swing style, he exerted a strong influence on bebop musicians

David Samuel Peckinpah

born Feb. 21, 1925, Fresno, Calif., U.S. died Dec. 28, 1984, Inglewood, Calif. U.S. film director. He served in the U.S. Marines, studied drama at the University of Southern California, and began working in television in the mid-1950s, writing for and directing programs such as Gunsmoke and The Rifleman. He made his debut as a film director with The Deadly Companions (1961), which was followed by Ride the High Country (1962) and Major Dundee (1965). Among his later films are The Wild Bunch (1969), considered his finest, Straw Dogs (1971), Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973), and Cross of Iron (1977). His films are noted for their magnificent landscapes, embittered characters, and brutal violence

David Sarnoff

born Feb. 27, 1891, Minsk, Russia died Dec. 12, 1971, New York, N.Y., U.S. Russian-born U.S. communications executive. After immigrating with his family to New York in 1900, he left school to work for the Marconi telegraph company. In 1912 he heard the distress signal from the sinking Titanic and remained at his instrument for 72 hours relaying news. In 1921 he became general manager of the newly formed Radio Corp. of America (RCA Corp.). He had proposed the first commercially marketed radio receiver in 1916, and by 1924 it had earned $80 million in sales. He formed the radio network NBC in 1926. Perceiving television's potential, he set up an experimental television station (1928) and demonstrated the new medium at the New York World's Fair (1939). During World War II he was a communications consultant to Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower and was made a brigadier general. President of RCA (1930-47), he served as chairman of the board until 1970

David Sarnoff

(1891-1971) U.S. pioneer of radio broadcasting (founder of RCA and NBC networks)

David Schluss

{i} (born 1943) Israeli born Unites States contemporary artist and sculptor whose paintings and works are displayed in museums and art galleries and in many private and public collections throughout the world, artist chosen as an official artist for the USA Olympic Team for the 2008 Beijing (China Summer Olympic Games) whose painting "We are the Champions" was chosen by the United States Olympic Committee as an official painting

David Smith

born March 9, 1906, Decatur, Ind., U.S. died May 23, 1965, Albany, N.Y. U.S. sculptor. He learned to work with metal while employed at an automobile plant. In 1926 he went to New York City and took various jobs while studying painting at the Art Students League. His sculptures grew out of his abstract paintings, to which he attached so many bits of wood, metal, and found objects that they became virtual bases for sculptural superstructures. He became the first U.S. artist to make welded metal sculpture. In 1940 he moved to Bolton Landing, N.Y., and there made his large yet seemingly weightless metal sculptures until his death in a car crash. His abstract biomorphic and geometric forms are remarkable for their erratic inventiveness, stylistic diversity, and high aesthetic quality. His work greatly influenced Minimalist sculpture in the 1960s

David Starr Jordan

born Jan. 19, 1851, near Gainesville, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 19, 1931, Stanford, Calif. U.S. educator and ichthyologist. He studied at Cornell University and taught at universities in Indiana until 1885, when he became president of Indiana University. In 1891 he became the first president of Stanford University, and served until 1913. His extensive field trips led to his naming 1,085 genera and more than 2,500 species of fishes. He was coauthor (with B.W. Evermann) of The Fishes of North and Middle America (1896-1900) and author of Manual of the Vertebrates of the Northern United States (13 editions, 1876-1929). He devoted his later career mainly to the cause of international peace, acting as chief director of the World Peace Foundation

David Susskind

born Dec. 19, 1920, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Feb. 22, 1987, New York City U.S. television producer and host. After being educated at the University of Wisconsin and Harvard University, he worked as a publicist before forming the agency Talent Associates in 1952. He produced numerous television programs, including Circle Theater (1955-63) and Dupont Show of the Month (1957-64), but he became best known as host of the talk shows Open End (1958-67) and The David Susskind Show (1967-86), for which he won many Emmy Awards. Open End began at 11: 00 PM and ran until the program's participants grew too tired to continue. Noted for his provocative discussions of controversial issues such as race relations, organized crime, and the Vietnam War, he also interviewed international leaders, notably Nikita Khrushchev (1960)

David Teniers

(baptized Dec. 15, 1610, Antwerp, Belg. died April 25, 1690, Brussels) Flemish painter. His father, also named David Teniers (1582-1649), was a painter of primarily religious subjects. The younger Teniers was highly prolific and is best known for his genre scenes of peasant life, many of which were used for tapestry designs in the 18th century. He was brilliant at handling crowd scenes in an open landscape and adept at characterizing his figures with a warm, human, and often humorous touch. As court painter to the archduke Leopold William, he also made many small-scale copies of paintings in the archduke's collection; engraved and published as Theatrum Pictorium (1660), they constitute a valuable source as a pictorial inventory of a great 17th-century collection

David Trimble

{i} (born 1944) leader of Northern Ireland, winner of the 1988 Nobel Peace Prize

David Trimble

and shared the Nobel Prize for peace with John Hume (1944- ) a British politician who is leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, a political party in Northern Ireland which is supported mostly by Protestants and believes strongly that Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK. He had an important part in attempts to bring peace to Northern Ireland. In 1998 he became First Minister in the new Northern Ireland assembly ( parliament ). born Oct. 15, 1944, Belfast, N.Ire. Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) in Northern Ireland and corecipient with John Hume of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1998. He was elected to the British Parliament in 1990 and became leader of the UUP in 1995. He represented the UUP in multiparty peace talks beginning in September 1997. These talks, which included members of Sinn Féin, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), culminated in the Good Friday Agreement of April 1998, which aimed to restore self-government in Northern Ireland. Defying opposition from hard-line unionists, he signed the agreement and successfully campaigned for its acceptance in referenda in Northern Ireland and Ireland. In subsequent elections to the new Northern Ireland Assembly, he was elected first minister. Conflict with the IRA over decommissioning (disarmament) persisted and led to his resignation as first minister in 2001, though he returned to government later that year after decommissioning commenced

David Walker

born Sept. 28, 1785, Wilmington, N.C., U.S. died June 28, 1830, Boston, Mass. U.S. abolitionist. The son of a slave father and a free mother, he was educated and traveled widely before settling in Boston, where he became an abolitionist lecturer and wrote for the antislavery Freedom's Journal. In his pamphlet Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829), he called for armed revolt. He smuggled the pamphlet into the South by hiding copies in clothing that he sold to sailors from his used-clothes store in Boston. Warned to flee for his life to Canada, he refused, and his body was found soon after; many believed he was poisoned. His son, Edwin G. Walker, was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1866

David Wark Griffith

born Jan. 22, 1875, Floydsfork, Ky., U.S. died July 23, 1948, Hollywood, Calif. U.S. film director. After acting in touring stage companies, he sold film scenarios to the Biograph Co., which hired him as a director (1908-13). In over 400 films for Biograph he developed filmmaking as an art form with techniques such as the close-up, the scenic long shot, and crosscutting, and he collaborated with cinematographer Billy Bitzer to create fade-out, fade-in, and soft-focus shots. He nurtured the careers of future stars such as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, Mack Sennett, and Lionel Barrymore. His epic dramas The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916) greatly influenced later filmmakers. After cofounding United Artists Corp. in 1919, he directed Broken Blossoms (1919), Way Down East (1920), and Orphans of the Storm (1921). His last films were Abraham Lincoln (1930) and The Struggle (1931). He is regarded as one of the seminal figures in the history of motion pictures

David Wark Griffith

{i} D. W. Griffith (1875-1948), American film director, co-founder of the United Artists Corporation, director of "Birth of a Nation" (1915)

David Whittaker Chambers

v. orig. Jay Vivian Chambers born April 1, 1901, Philadelphia died July 9, 1961, near Westminster, Md., U.S. U.S. journalist and principal figure in the Alger Hiss case. He joined the Communist Party in 1923 and worked at various times as an editor at New Masses, The Daily Worker, and Time magazine. In testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee in August 1948, he named former State Department official Alger Hiss as a fellow member of a 1930s Communist spy ring. Hiss denied the charges and sued Chambers for slander. In the trials that followed, Chambers produced material he claimed Hiss had given him to pass along to Soviet agents. His autobiography, Witness, was published in 1952

David Wolfson

{i} (1856-1914) Zionist leader, second president of the World Zionist Organization

David and Jonathan

inseparable friends, companions, partners

David and Lucile Packard Foundation

philanthropic foundation which provides grants to various nonprofit organizations

David ap Llywelyn

born 1208 died Feb. 25, 1246, Aber, Gynedd, Wales Welsh prince, ruler of the state of Gwynedd in northern Wales (1240-46). His father, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, had made Gwynedd the centre of Welsh power. David, the rightful heir, fought his half brother for power and imprisoned him in 1239. He was forced to cede part of his territory to Henry III of England (1241) and later went to war against Henry. The first Welsh ruler to declare himself prince of Wales, he fell ill and died while the war was in progress

David of Tao

died 1000 Georgian prince of the Bagratid family of Tao, a region between Georgia and Armenia. A just ruler and a friend of the church, he allied with Basil II to defeat the rebel Bardas Skleros (976-979) and was rewarded with extensive lands that made him the most important ruler in Caucasia. In 987-989 he supported Bardas Phokas against Basil but was defeated and agreed to cede his lands to Basil on his death. Despite this setback, David's heir, Bagrat III (978-1014), was able to become the first ruler of a unified Georgian kingdom

David the Builder

{i} David IV (1073-1125), king of Georgia from 1089 to 1125 who overpowered the Turks in 1122 in the Battle of Didgori and captured Tbilisi

David's lamentation over Jonathan

{i} David mourning the death of his best friend Jonathan who was the son of King Saul

David's shield

{i} shield of King David

Père David's deer

A species of deer known only in captivity, which prefers marshland and is believed to be native to the subtropics of China

Père David's deers

plural form of Père David's deer

Saint David's Day

The feast day of Saint David|Saint David]], patron saint of Wales, celebrated in Wales on March 1

Sir David's long-beaked echidna

A species of long-beaked echidna, scientific name Zaglossus attenboroughi

Star of David

The Star or Shield of David is a generally recognized symbol of Jewish Community and Judaism

Saint David's Day

(Din) Saint David's Day is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March each year

Al and David Maysles

born Nov. 26, 1926, Brookline, Mass., U.S.(born Jan. 10, 1932, Boston, Mass., U.S. died Jan. 3, 1987, New York, N.Y.) U.S. documentary filmmakers. Albert made his first documentary, Psychiatry in Russia, in 1955. In 1962 the brothers began to collaborate on documentaries in the cinéma vérité style, which they called "direct cinema," and gained notoriety for their films Salesman (1969) and Gimme Shelter (1970), both made with Charlotte Zwerin. Their later films include Christo's Valley Curtain (1972), Grey Gardens (1975), and Vladimir Horowitz (1985)

Albert and David Maysles

born Nov. 26, 1926, Brookline, Mass., U.S.(born Jan. 10, 1932, Boston, Mass., U.S. died Jan. 3, 1987, New York, N.Y.) U.S. documentary filmmakers. Albert made his first documentary, Psychiatry in Russia, in 1955. In 1962 the brothers began to collaborate on documentaries in the cinéma vérité style, which they called "direct cinema," and gained notoriety for their films Salesman (1969) and Gimme Shelter (1970), both made with Charlotte Zwerin. Their later films include Christo's Valley Curtain (1972), Grey Gardens (1975), and Vladimir Horowitz (1985)

Brian David Josephson

born Jan. 4, 1940, Cardiff, Wales British physicist. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and began building on earlier work done by Leo Esaki of IBM and Ivar Giaever (b. 1929) of General Electric. For his discovery of what is now called the Josephson effect in superconductivity, he shared a Nobel Prize with Esaki and Giaever in 1973. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1970 and was named a professor at Cambridge in 1974

Camp David

{i} rural retreat in central Maryland (USA) for Unites States presidents which was set up in 1942 by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Camp David

A presidential retreat in the Catoctin Mountains of northern Maryland north-northwest of Washington, D.C. It was established by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 as Shangri-La. Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it Camp David in honor of his grandson. the country home of the US President, where the President goes to relax. People remember it especially for the Camp David Agreement, which established peace between Egypt and Israel and was signed at Camp David in 1979. Rural retreat of U.S. presidents, northern Maryland. The scenic mountainous area (200 acres, or 81 hectares) was established as "Shangri-La" in 1942 by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt and made an official presidential retreat by Harry Truman in 1945. In 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it Camp David for his grandson. It has been the scene of a number of high-level presidential conferences with foreign heads of state. See also Camp David Accords

Camp David Accords

(1978) Two agreements reached between Menachem Begin of Israel and Anwar el-Sdt of Egypt with the help of U.S. President Jimmy Carter at Camp David, Md. , U.S. One agreement created a framework for negotiations to arrive at a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, formally ending some 30 years of being in a state of war. This treaty, normalizing relations, was signed in 1979 and led to the return of the Sinai Peninsula, occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War (1967), to Egypt. The other agreement created a framework for a broader peace in the region that included a plan for Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The latter provisions were not implemented. See also Moshe Dayan

Camp David Accords

peace agreement between Israel and Egypt which was signed in 1979 at Camp David (USA)

Caspar David Friedrich

born Sept. 5, 1774, Greifswald, Pomerania died May 7, 1840, Dresden, Saxony German painter. He studied at the Copenhagen Academy. After 1798 he settled in Dresden and began his career as a topographical draftsman in pencil and sepia wash. His first important oil painting, The Cross in the Mountains (1807-08), achieves an overwhelming sense of isolation. In 1824 he was appointed professor at the Dresden Academy. His vast, mysterious landscapes and seascapes, proclaiming human helplessness against the forces of nature, did much to establish the sublime as a primary focus of Romanticism. Interest in his work revived with the rise of Symbolism at the beginning of the 20th century

City of David

original city of Jerusalem which existed in the time of King David (located outside the walls of the present day Old City), antiquity site near the Western Wall in Jerusalem

City of David

a name for Jerusalem, used in the Bible

Dr David Livingstone

a Scottish missionary (=someone who goes to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity) and explorer of Africa. He was the first European to see the Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. A journalist called Henry Morton Stanley, who did not know Livingstone, went to look for him. When they met he said, "Dr Livingstone, I presume". People sometimes say this as a joke when they meet someone (1813-73)

Dwight David Eisenhower

a US politician in the Republican Party, who was President of the US from 1953 to 1961. Eisenhower was a general in the US army during World War II, and he became the commander of all the Allied forces in Europe, leading the attack on D-day in 1944. People informally called him Ike (1890-1969). born Oct. 14, 1890, Denison, Texas, U.S. died March 28, 1969, Washington, D.C. 34th president of the U.S. (1953-61). He graduated from West Point (1915), then served in the Panama Canal Zone (1922-24) and in the Philippines under Douglas MacArthur (1935-39). In World War II Gen. George Marshall appointed him to the army's war-plans division (1941), then chose him to command U.S. forces in Europe (1942). After planning the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy, he was appointed supreme commander of Allied forces (1943). He planned the Normandy Campaign (1944) and the conduct of the war in Europe until the German surrender (1945). He was promoted to five-star general (1944) and was named army chief of staff in 1945. He served as president of Columbia University from 1948 until being appointed supreme commander of NATO in 1951. Both Democrats and Republicans courted Eisenhower as a presidential candidate; in 1952, as the Republican candidate, he defeated Adlai Stevenson with the largest popular vote to that time. He defeated Stevenson again in 1956 in an even larger landslide. His policy of support for Middle Eastern countries facing communist aggression, enunciated in the Eisenhower Doctrine, was a continuation of the containment policy adopted by the Harry Truman administration (see Truman Doctrine). He sent federal troops to Little Rock, Ark., to enforce integration of a city high school (1957). When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I (1957), he was criticized for failing to develop the U.S. space program; he responded by creating NASA (1958). In his last weeks in office the U.S. broke diplomatic relations with Cuba

Gerard David

born 1460, Oudewater, Neth. died Aug. 13, 1523, Bruges Netherlandish painter. He worked mainly in Bruges, where he entered the painters' guild in 1484 and became dean in 1501. He became the city's leading painter after the death of Hans Memling. Most of his works are altarpieces and other panels featuring traditional religious themes, but his best-known paintings, The Judgment of Cambyses and The Flaying of Sisamnes (1498), deal with the theme of justice; they originally hung in the town hall of Bruges. His works are among the earliest Flemish paintings to feature the Italian Renaissance iconography of putti (male child angels) and garlands

Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst

born Nov. 12, 1755, Bordenau, Hanover died June 28, 1813, Prague, Bohemia Prussian general. He joined the Hanoverian army in 1778 and served with distinction in Belgium against the French in the 1790s. An officer in the Prussian army from 1801, he taught at the war academy and became chief of staff in the war against Napoleon (1806). As head of the army reform commission (from 1807), he developed the modern general staff system and reorganized the Prussian army; with August von Gneisenau he devised the system of rapid military training and use of army reserves. After a forced retirement, he became chief of staff to Gebhard von Blücher (1813) and died of a wound received in the Battle of Lützen

Henry David Thoreau

a US writer and philosopher whose best-known works are Walden, or Life in the Woods, in which he describes his simple life in the countryside, and Civil Disobedience, an essay on refusing to obey unfair laws, which influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King (1817-62). born July 12, 1817, Concord, Mass., U.S. died May 6, 1862, Concord U.S. thinker, essayist, and naturalist. Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before leaving his job to become a poet of nature. Back in Concord, he came under the influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson and began to publish pieces in the Transcendentalist magazine The Dial. In the years 1845-47, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concord's Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork, Walden (1854). His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) was the only other book he published in his lifetime. He reflected on a night he spent in jail protesting the Mexican-American War in the essay "Civil Disobedience" (1849), which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K. Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned, and he became a dedicated abolitionist. His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod display the mind of a keen naturalist. After his death his collected writings were published in 20 volumes, and further writings have continued to appear in print

Henry David Thoreau

(1817-1862) American naturalist and transcendentalist philosopher, author of "Walden" and "Civil Disobedience

Hugo David Weisgall

born Oct. 13, 1912, Eibenschutz, Moravia died March 11, 1997, Manhasset, N.Y., U.S. Czech-born U.S. composer. Born into a musical family that had produced several generations of composers and cantors, he was raised in Baltimore, Md., U.S., from 1920. He studied composition with Roger Sessions and conducting with Fritz Reiner, also earning a doctorate in German literature from Johns Hopkins University. He is considered one of the most important U.S. opera composers for the literary quality of his chosen texts and the individuality and effectiveness of his music; his works include the operas The Tenor (1950), The Stronger (1952), and Six Characters in Search of an Author (1956); his last completed opera, Esther (1993), won wide acclaim

Jacques-Louis David

born Aug. 30, 1748, Paris, France died Dec. 29, 1825, Brussels French painter. At 18 he entered the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. In 1775 he went to Rome and became a proponent of the Neoclassical style, but also studied the work of such 17th-century painters as Nicolas Poussin and Caravaggio. His work came to epitomize the late 18th-century Neoclassical reaction against the ornate Rococo style. Among his subjects were classical, historical, and mythological themes; he was also a great portraitist. He became the unchallenged painter of the French Revolution, and later was appointed official portraitist to Napoleon. He was also a founding member of the new Institut de France, which replaced the Royal Academy, and produced commemorative medals and other revolutionary propaganda. Among his masterpieces is The Death of Marat (1793), an expression of universal tragedy as well as a portrayal of a key event of the French Revolution. His influence on European art was pervasive; his pupils included Antoine-Jean Gros and J.-A.-D. Ingres

Jacques-Louis David

{i} (1748-1825) neoclassical French painter

Jerome David Kern

born Jan. 27, 1885, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 11, 1945, New York City U.S. composer, one of the major U.S. creators of the musical. Kern studied music in his native New York City and in Heidelberg, Ger., and he later gained theatrical experience in London. Returning to New York, he worked as a pianist and salesman for music publishers and wrote new numbers for European operettas. In 1912 he composed The Red Petticoat, the first musical to contain only his own music; its success was surpassed by Very Good Eddie (1915). Subsequent musicals include Oh, Boy! (1917) and Sally (1920). In 1927 his Show Boat, based on Edna Ferber's novel and with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein, became the first American musical with a serious plot drawn from a literary source; it represents a landmark in the history of musical theatre. It was followed by The Cat and the Fiddle (1931), Music in the Air (1932), and Roberta (1933). After 1933 he composed for Hollywood. Kern's classic songs include "The Song Is You," "All the Things You Are," "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes," and "Ol' Man River

Jerome David Salinger

born Jan. 1, 1919, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. writer. He began to publish short stories in periodicals in 1940. After World War II his stories, some based on his army experiences, appeared increasingly in The New Yorker. His entire literary output comprises 13 stories and novellas collected in Nine Stories (1953), Franny and Zooey (1961), and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters, and Seymour: An Introduction (1963) and The Catcher in the Rye (1951), a novel of adolescent anguish that won great critical and popular admiration, especially among college students. He retreated into a mysterious seclusion in New Hampshire and ceased to publish

Jerome David Salinger

{i} J. D. Salinger (born 1919), United States novelist and short story writer, author of "The Catcher in the Rye

Johann David Ludwig Count Yorck von Wartenburg

born Sept. 26, 1759, Potsdam, Prussia died Oct. 4, 1830, Klein-ls, Silesia Prussian army commander. After serving with the Prussian army (1772-79) and Dutch army (1779-87), he rejoined the Prussian army and fought in Poland (1794) and later in the war against France (1806). Promoted to major general, he helped reorganize the army, developing the tactics of the infantry scout and the line of skirmishes. In 1812 he led the Prussian contingent of Napoleon's invading army into Russia. During the French retreat, he concluded an accord with Russia that opened the way for Prussia to join the Allied powers against Napoleon. He was made a count in 1814 and a field marshal in 1821

John Sparrow David Thompson

{i} (1844-1894) Canadian politician, prime minister of Canada from 1892 to 1894

Kenneth David Kaunda

born April 28, 1924, Lubwa, near Chinsali, Northern Rhodesia Political leader and first president (1961-91) of Zambia. Kaunda came to prominence in 1959-60 in the movement to stop Britain from establishing a federation of North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland. As the first president of independent Zambia, he helped avert a civil war in the late 1960s but ended up imposing single-party rule. From the 1970s he led other southern African nations in confronting the white-minority governments of Rhodesia and South Africa. He increased Zambia's dependence on copper exports and on foreign aid, allowing agriculture, education, and social services to languish and poverty and unemployment to increase. Several attempted coups in the early 1980s were crushed; in 1990 he was forced to legalize opposition parties, and in 1991 he was voted out of office

King David

(died c.962 BC) second king of Judah and Israel, reputed author of many of the Psalms; hotel in Jerusalem (Israel)

King David

Goliath by hitting him on the head with a stone thrown from his sling. People sometimes use the names David and Goliath to describe a situation in which a small and less powerful person or group is fighting a much larger and more powerful person or group (died around 962 BC) in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the Kings of Israel. When David was a boy, he killed the giant (=a very tall, strong man)

Magen David Adom

{i} (Hebrew) "Red Shield of David", MDA, "Red Star of David", Israel Ambulance Services, Israel's national organization for providing emergency medical and ambulance and blood bank service as well as disaster management

Mark David McGwire

born Oct. 1, 1963, Pomona, Calif., U.S. U.S. baseball player. McGwire played first base in college, then joined the Oakland Athletics in 1987 and quickly displayed the strength that would become his trademark. His 49 home runs hit during his first season in the majors set a record, and he was named the American League's Rookie of the Year. In 1989 his .343 postseason batting average guided Oakland to the World Series championship. Injuries plagued him in 1993-95. Traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1997, he hit 58 homers. In 1998 he topped Roger Maris's 37-year-old season record of 61 home runs. He and Sammy Sosa thrilled fans with their home-run competition, and McGwire achieved the new record with 70; the record was broken in 2001 by Barry Bonds (73). In 1999 McGwire hit 65 home runs. Following the 2001 season he retired from professional play

Messiah Son of David

nickname for the savior which should appear during the last days of the earth (during Armageddon)

Moshe David Cassuto

{i} (1885-1951, birth name: Umberto Moshe David Cassuto), Bible scholar born in Florence (Italy) who is known for his biblical interpretation

Niels Henrik David Bohr

a Danish scientist who made important discoveries in nuclear physics, especially discoveries about the structure of atoms (1885-1962). born Oct. 7, 1885, Copenhagen, Den. died Nov. 18, 1962, Copenhagen Danish physicist. He studied the structure of the atom with J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford at the universities of Cambridge and Manchester. He was among the first to see the importance of an element's atomic number and postulated that any atom could exist only in a discrete set of states characterized by definite values of energy. He became the first to apply the quantum theory to atomic and molecular structure, and his concept of the atomic nucleus was a key step in understanding such processes as nuclear fission. From 1920 to 1962 he directed the newly created Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. His work on atomic theory won him a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. He was president of the Royal Danish Academy from 1939 until his death. Though he contributed to atomic bomb research in the U.S. during World War II, he later dedicated himself to the cause of arms control. He received the first U.S. Atoms for Peace Award in 1957. Element 107, bohrium, is named in his honour. His son Aage Niels Bohr (b. 1922) shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for Physics with Ben Mottelson (b. 1926) and James Rainwater (1917-86) for their work on atomic nuclei

Niels Henrik David Bohr

{i} (1885-1962) Danish physicist who studied and researched the atomic structure, Nobel prize winner in physics in 1922, father of Aage Niels Bohr

Norton David Zinder

born Nov. 7, 1928, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. biologist. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. He discovered genetic transduction (the transfer of genes from one type of microorganism to another by an agent such as a bacteriophage) in Salmonella bacteria. Using this transduction, later researchers were able to show that bacterial genes affecting certain physiological processes were grouped together in what are now known as operons. His experiments also led to the discovery of the first bacteriophage that contained RNA as its genetic material

Once in Royal David's City

the title and first words of a well-known Christmas carol (=a traditional religious song)

Ralph David Abernathy

born March 11, 1926, Linden, Ala., U.S. died April 17, 1990, Atlanta, Ga. U.S. pastor and civil rights leader. He was educated at Alabama State University and Atlanta University. Ordained a Baptist minister in 1948, he became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Montgomery, Ala., in 1951. He met Martin Luther King, Jr., a few years later when the latter became pastor of another Baptist church in Montgomery. In 1955-56 the two men organized a nonviolent boycott of the city bus system, marking the beginning of the U.S. civil rights movement. In 1957 they founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Abernathy became its president on King's assassination in 1968; in 1977 he resigned to resume work as a pastor in Atlanta. His autobiography, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, appeared in 1989

Ralph David Abernathy

{i} (1926-1990) United States clergyman and civil rights activist who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Red Magen David

Israeli ambulance and paramedic services

Red Shield of David

{i} Magen David Adom, Israel's national organization for providing emergency medical and ambulance and blood bank services as well as disaster management

Robert David Muldoon

{i} Robert Muldoon, Sir Robert Muldoon, Sir Robert David ("Rob") Muldoon (1921-1992), former prime minister of New Zealand (from 1975 to 1984)

Ronald David Laing

born Oct. 7, 1927, Glasgow, Scot. died Aug. 23, 1989, St. Tropez, France Scottish psychiatrist. In his widely read and highly controversial book The Divided Self (1960), his analysis of schizophrenia led him to theorize that insecurity about one's existence prompts a defensive reaction in which the self splits into separate components, generating psychotic symptoms, and he opposed standard schizophrenia treatments such as hospitalization and electroshock. He even opposed the concept of mental illness, viewing it as induced by family relationships and society, and radically reconceived the role of the psychiatrist. He later modified some of his controversial positions

Samuel David Gross

born July 8, 1805, Easton, Pa., U.S. died May 6, 1884, Philadelphia U.S. surgeon, teacher of medicine, and author. He was apprenticed to a local country doctor before receiving formal medical training. His most celebrated work, Elements of Pathological Anatomy (1839), was a pioneering effort that organized knowledge on the subject in English, and his System of Surgery (2 vol., 1859) had a profound effect on surgical thought worldwide. His Manual of Military Surgery (1861) was written at the government's request. Gross also invented many surgical tools. He was memorably portrayed in Thomas Eakins's masterpiece, The Gross Clinic

Shield of David

six-pointed star, Jewish star, figure made from 2 triangles placed one top of each other in opposite directions forming a star

Sir David Attenborough

born May 8, 1926, London, Eng. British television writer. For the BBC, which he joined in 1952, he originated the series Zoo Quest (1954-64). As controller of BBC-2 (1965-68) and director of programs (1968-72), he helped produce The Forsyte Saga, The Ascent of Man, and Civilisation. As an independent producer, he made innovative educational programs such as Life on Earth (1979) and The Living Planet (1984). He was knighted in 1985

Sir David Frederick Attenborough

born May 8, 1926, London, Eng. British television writer. For the BBC, which he joined in 1952, he originated the series Zoo Quest (1954-64). As controller of BBC-2 (1965-68) and director of programs (1968-72), he helped produce The Forsyte Saga, The Ascent of Man, and Civilisation. As an independent producer, he made innovative educational programs such as Life on Earth (1979) and The Living Planet (1984). He was knighted in 1985

Sir David Frost

born April 7, 1939, Tenterden, Kent, Eng. British television producer. He worked in television from 1961 and hosted several programs in the U.S. and Britain, including That Was the Week That Was (1962-63) and The Frost Reports (1966-67). He conducted interviews with world leaders on The David Frost Show (1969-72), winning two Emmy Awards. He was a cofounder of London Weekend Television and in 1983 of Britain's TV-AM

Sir David Lean

a British film director who made many well-known films, such as Brief Encounter (1945), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Dr Zhivago (1965), and A Passage to India (1984) (1908-91). born March 25, 1908, Croydon, Surrey, Eng. died April 16, 1991, London British film director. He worked at Gaumont Studios from 1928, becoming head film editor. He codirected In Which We Serve (1942) with Noë l Coward and was sole director of Coward's Blithe Spirit (1945) and Brief Encounter (1945). He directed film adaptations of Great Expectations (1946) and Oliver Twist (1948). Lean won wide acclaim for The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957, Academy Award) and later for Lawrence of Arabia (1962, Academy Award), Dr. Zhivago (1965), and A Passage to India (1984). His literate, epic productions featured spectacular cinematography and stunning locales

Sir David Paradine Frost

born April 7, 1939, Tenterden, Kent, Eng. British television producer. He worked in television from 1961 and hosted several programs in the U.S. and Britain, including That Was the Week That Was (1962-63) and The Frost Reports (1966-67). He conducted interviews with world leaders on The David Frost Show (1969-72), winning two Emmy Awards. He was a cofounder of London Weekend Television and in 1983 of Britain's TV-AM

Sir Ralph David Richardson

born Dec. 19, 1902, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Eng. died Oct. 10, 1983, London British actor. He began his acting career at age 18 and gained prominence in the 1930s and '40s at the Old Vic in roles such as Peer Gynt, Petruchio, Falstaff, and Volpone, gaining a reputation as one of the greatest actors of his time. He made his screen debut in 1933 and became known for playing urbane, witty characters and later for eccentric old men. His many films included The Fallen Idol (1948), Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Greystoke (1984)

Sir Roger David Casement

born Sept. 1, 1864, Kingstown, County Dublin, Ire. died Aug. 3, 1916, London, Eng. British civil servant and Irish rebel. As British consul in Africa (1895-1904) and Brazil (1906-11), he became famous for his reports revealing white traders' cruel exploitation of native labour in the Congo and in the Putumayo River region of Peru. Ill health forced his retirement to Ireland (1912), where he joined the Irish nationalists and helped form the Irish National Volunteers. After World War I broke out, he sought German support for the Irish independence movement. For his additional intrigue in the Easter Rising, he was convicted of treason and hanged. His execution made him an Irish martyr in the revolt against British rule in Ireland

Sir William David Ross

born April 15, 1877, Thurso, Caithness, Scot. died May 5, 1971, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng. Scottish moral philosopher. He served many years as provost at Oriel College, University of Oxford (1902-47), and later as Oxford's vice chancellor. A critic of utilitarianism, he maintained a form of ethical intuitionism. He held that the terms "good" (which pertains to motives) and "right" (which pertains to acts) are indefinable and irreducible (see naturalistic fallacy) and that certain commonsensical moral principles (e.g., those requiring promise-keeping, truth-telling, and justice) are knowable by mature reflection. His writings include Aristotle (1923), The Right and the Good (1930), Foundations of Ethics (1939), Plato's Theory of Ideas (1951), and Kant's Ethical Theory (1954)

St David

the patron saint of Wales, who lived in the 6th century. St David's Day, 1st March, is celebrated as the Welsh national day

Star of David

Magen David, Jewish symbol of star, six-pointed star, star-shaped symbol made from two triangles facing in opposite directions

Star of David

a star with six points that represents the Jewish religion or Israel (David 10th-century BC king of Judah and Israel). Hebrew Magen David ("Shield of David"). Jewish symbol composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles that form a six-pointed star. It appears on synagogues, tombstones, and the flag of Israel. An ancient sign not much used by Jews before the Middle Ages, it was popularized by Kabbalists for protection against evil spirits. The Jewish community of Prague adopted it as an official symbol and its use became widespread in the 17th century. Though it has neither biblical nor Talmudic authority, it became a nearly universal emblem of Judaism in the 19th century. The Nazis' use of it to identify Jews invested it with the symbolism of martyrdom and heroism

Tower of David

fortress on the wall of the Old City of Jerusalem whose construction is attributed to David

William David Coolidge

born Oct. 23, 1873, Hudson, Mass., U.S. died Feb. 3, 1975, Schenectady, N.Y. U.S. engineer and physical chemist. He taught at MIT (1897, 1901-05) before joining the General Electric Research Laboratory, where in 1908 he perfected a process to render tungsten ductile and therefore more suitable for incandescent lightbulbs. In 1916 he patented a revolutionary X-ray tube capable of producing highly predictable amounts of radiation; it was the prototype of the modern X-ray tube. With Irving Langmuir, he also developed the first successful submarine-detection system

William David Trimble

born Oct. 15, 1944, Belfast, N.Ire. Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) in Northern Ireland and corecipient with John Hume of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1998. He was elected to the British Parliament in 1990 and became leader of the UUP in 1995. He represented the UUP in multiparty peace talks beginning in September 1997. These talks, which included members of Sinn Féin, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), culminated in the Good Friday Agreement of April 1998, which aimed to restore self-government in Northern Ireland. Defying opposition from hard-line unionists, he signed the agreement and successfully campaigned for its acceptance in referenda in Northern Ireland and Ireland. In subsequent elections to the new Northern Ireland Assembly, he was elected first minister. Conflict with the IRA over decommissioning (disarmament) persisted and led to his resignation as first minister in 2001, though he returned to government later that year after decommissioning commenced

camp david

retreat northwest of Washington used by the president of the United States

pere david's deer

large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds

star of david

a six-pointed star formed from two equilateral triangles triangles; an emblem symbolizing Judaism

the Camp David agreements

two agreement frameworks that were signed in 1978 between Israel and Egypt and who form a basis for a peace treaty

the David Levi camp

people from the Likud party that support David Levi

Hyphenation

Da·vid

Turkish pronunciation

deyvîd

Pronunciation

/ˈdāvəd/ /ˈdeɪvɪd/

Etymology

() From the Greek Δαυίδ from the Hebrew דּוד, meaning "beloved".

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