A phonograph is a record player. a record player. or record player Instrument for reproducing sounds. A phonograph record stores a copy of sound waves as a series of undulations in a wavy groove inscribed on its rotating surface by the recording stylus. When the record is played back, another stylus (needle) responds to the undulations, and its motions are then reconverted into sound. Its invention is generally credited to Thomas Alva Edison (1877). Stereophonic systems, with two separate channels of information in a single groove, became a commercial reality in 1958. All modern phonograph systems had certain components in common: a turntable that rotated the record; a stylus that tracked a groove in the record; a pickup that converted the mechanical movements of the stylus into electrical impulses; an amplifier that intensified these electrical impulses; and a loudspeaker that converted the amplified signals back into sound. Phonographs and records were the chief means of reproducing recorded sound at home until the 1980s, when they were largely replaced by recorded cassettes (see tape recorder) and compact discs
The sound recording and playback device invented by Thomas Edison while he was working on the repeating telegraph in 1877 The first phonograph was constructed from Edison's sketch of the instrument by his assistant, John Kreusi It consisted of a cylinder covered with tinfoil mounted on a hand-cranked screw, and a rigid stylus which made vertical indentations in the groove Note: although the distinction between the gramophone and phonograph (and the recordings played on them) continued for many years, by the time of the demise of the Edison cylinder in 1929, the term phonograph was regularly used to refer to disc-playing machines See also gramophone, graphophone and vertical recording
As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound
Although generally used to refer to all record players, the Phonograph really only refers to the cylinder machine produced by Edison In Europe, phonograph refers to all cylinder machines, and Gramophone refers to all disc machines