ıran

Definition of ıran in English English dictionary
Iran: A country in the Middle East known as Persia until 1935. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran
Iran: a country in southwest Asia, between Iraq and Afghanistan. Population: 66,129,000 (2001). Capital: Tehran. Iran was called Persia until 1935, and is an important oil-producing country. Iran is a democratic county in which Muslim religious leaders have had a lot of political power since the Shah was removed in 1979 and the Ayatollah Khomeini came to power. officially Islamic Republic of Iran formerly Persia Country, Middle East. Islamic Republic of Iran Iran hostage crisis Iran Contra Affair Iran Iraq War
Iran: {i} Islamic Republic of Iran, country in southwest Asia (formerly Persia)
Iran: Country in the Middle East known as Persia until 1935. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran
Iran hostage crisis: (1979-81) Political crisis involving Iran's detention of U.S. diplomats. Anti-American sentiment in Iran fueled in part by close ties between the U.S. and the unpopular leader Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi peaked when Pahlavi fled Iran during the 1979 Iranian revolution. When the monarch entered the U.S. for medical treatment later that year, Islamic militants stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehrn and seized 66 Americans. The hostage-takers, who enjoyed the tacit support of the new Iranian regime of Ruhollah Khomeini, demanded the shah's extradition to Iran, but Pres. Jimmy Carter refused and froze all Iranian assets in the U.S. The Iranians released 13 women and African Americans on Nov. 19-20, 1979, and another hostage was released in July 1980. A rescue attempt in April 1980 failed. Negotiations for the hostages' return began after the shah died in July 1980, but the remaining 52 hostages were kept in captivity until Jan. 20, 1981, when they were released moments after the inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The crisis contributed to Carter's failure to win reelection. See also Iran-Contra Affair
Iran-Contra Affair: U.S. political scandal. In 1985 Robert McFarlane, head of the National Security Council (NSC), authorized sales of weapons to Iran in an attempt to secure the release of U.S. hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian terrorist groups. The deal contravened stated policy regarding both dealings with terrorists and military aid to Iran. At the instigation of Oliver North, a NSC staff member, and with the approval of John M. Poindexter, part of the $48 million paid by Iran for the arms was diverted to the Nicaraguan contras, in direct violation of a 1984 law banning such assistance. A Senate investigation resulted in the conviction of North and Poindexter on charges of obstructing justice and related offenses, though their convictions were later overturned on the ground that testimony given at their trials had been influenced by information they had supplied to Congress under a limited grant of immunity. Pres. Ronald Reagan accepted responsibility for the arms-for-hostages deal but denied any knowledge of the diversion
Iran-Iraq War: a war between Iran and Iraq from 1980 to 1988. (1980-90) Protracted and indecisive conflict prompted by Iraq's invasion of its eastern neighbour. Following the 1979 Iranian revolution, the Iraqi leadership sought to exploit Iran's military and political chaos in order to resolve border disputes, gain control of Iran's oil-rich western (largely Arab) province, and achieve hegemony in the Persian Gulf. Iraq was successful early (1980-82) but began to lose ground and sought to negotiate peace. Iran refused, and the war turned into a bloody stalemate that included the first use of chemical warfare since World War I (1914-18). After additional Iraqi advances, Iran agreed to a cease-fire in 1988. Peace was concluded only when Iraq invaded another neighbour, Kuwait, in 1990. See also Saddm Hussein; Ruhollah Khomeini
Persia: a region in southwestern Iran, in particular Pars/Fars province
Persia: Territories corresponding to either of the two empires ruled by dynasts from Pars/Fars, specially the first of the two
Persia: {i} former name of Iran until 1935
Islamic Republic of Iran: {i} Iran, country in southwest Asia (formerly Persia)
Persia: the name used for Iran from ancient times until the early 20th century. Historical name for a region roughly coterminous with modern Iran. The term was used for centuries, chiefly in the West, and originally described a region of southern Iran formerly known as Persis or Parsa. Parsa was the name of an Indo-European nomadic people who migrated into the area 1000 BC; the use of the name was gradually extended by the ancient Greeks and other Western peoples to apply to the whole Iranian plateau. The people of Iran have always called their country Iran, and in 1935 the government requested that the name Iran be used instead of Persia
Persia: The country of Iran until 1935 was officially called "Persia" in English. However, the local name of the country since the Sassanian period has been "Iran". Since 1935 both terms "Iran" and "Persia" have been used in English, though Iran predominates. The Persian Empire once included most of Western and Central Asia and North Africa
persia: an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC