a member of one of the two main groups in the Muslim religion Sunni (Shia). Member of the Shite branch of Islam, which resulted from the first fitnah, or split, within the religion over leadership. Members of the political faction that supported Al, Muhammad's son-in-law, as the Prophet's heir after the murder of the third caliph, Uthmn, the Shites gradually became a religious movement after the murder of Al. Al's followers insisted that a caliph, or imam, be a lineal descendant of Al and his wife, Ftimah. Shite legal tradition is distinct from the four major schools of thought in Sunnite Islam and is generally regarded as the most conservative. Though Shites represent only about 10% of Muslims in the world, they are a majority in Iran and Iraq, and there are sizable populations in Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, East Africa, Pakistan, and northern India. The largest subdivision is the Ithn Ashariyyah, or Twelvers, who recognized 12 historical imams (including Al); other subsects include the Ismliyyah and the Zaydiyyah
{i} member of the Shi'a Islam, member of the Shiite branch of Islam (who belive that Ali, the cousin of Muhammad and his descendants are the true successors of Muhammad)