venice

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Province of Veneto, Italy
City and port in the province of Venice
The maritime empire of Venice
a city in northeast Italy that is built on a system of canals (=artificial rivers) and famous for its many beautiful buildings and works of art. In former times, Venice was a powerful independent state and an important trading nation. It is now a popular place for tourists to visit. Italian Venezia City (pop., 2001 prelim.: 266,181), capital of Veneto region, northern Italy. Built on the lagoon of Venice, it encompasses some 118 islands, the whole 90-mi (145-km) perimeter of the lagoon, and two industrial mainland boroughs. Refugees from northern invasions of the mainland founded settlements in the 5th century AD that were built uniquely on islands as protection against raids. Venice was a vassal of the Byzantine Empire until the 10th century. Beginning with control of a trading route to the Levant, it emerged from the Fourth Crusade (1202-04) as ruler of a colonial empire which included Crete, Euboea, Cyclades, the Ionian Islands, and footholds in Morea and Epirus. In 1381 it defeated Genoa after a century-long struggle for commercial supremacy in the Levant and eastern Mediterranean. In the 15th century, with the acquisition of neighbouring regions, the Venetian Republic became an extensive Italian state. It gradually lost its eastern possessions to Ottoman Turks, with whom Venice fought intermittently from the 15th to the 18th century; it gave up its last hold in the Aegean in 1715. The republic dissolved and the territory was ceded to Austria in 1797. Incorporated into Napoleon's kingdom of Italy in 1805, it was restored to Austria in 1815. A revolt against Austria (1848-49) eventually resulted in Venice being ceded to Italy in 1866. It suffered little damage during World War II, but flooding along its many miles of canals caused severe damage in 1966. The waters of the lagoon rise and flood the city on a regular basis, complicating efforts to preserve its architecture, which includes representations of Italian, Arabic, Byzantine, and Renaissance styles. There are some 450 palaces and homes of major historic importance in Venice. Notable among its 400 bridges is the Bridge of Sighs (built 800) and among its churches is St. Mark's Basilica. Most of the city's workers find employment in tourism and related industries, though the city also plays a key market role within the vibrant economic system of the Veneto region. Venice Biennale Venice Gulf of Venice Peace of Venice Treaty of Venezia Tridentina
{i} city and port in northeastern Italy that has canals instead of streets
the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction
venice turpentine
A thick substance used as a component in artists' oil painting to create glossy, translucent glazes, nowadays largely replaced by synthetic substitutes
Venice Biennale
International art exhibition held in the Castello district of Venice every two years and juried by an international committee. It was founded in 1895 as the International Exhibition of Art of the City of Venice to promote "the most noble activities of the modern spirit without distinction of country." The first Biennale, which achieved worldwide prestige, included artists from 16 nations; the committee included Edward Burne-Jones, Gustave Moreau, and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. After World War II it became the leading showplace for the international avant-garde. Usually held in the summer months, it attracts many tourists and visitors
Death in Venice
a novel by Thomas Mann, which was made into a film in 1971, about a successful writer in Venice who falls in love with a beautiful Polish boy and therefore does not want to leave the city, even though there is cholera there. He stays, and finally dies from the disease (1912)
Gulf of Venice
v. Northern section of the Adriatic Sea. It extends eastward for 60 mi (95 km) from the Po River delta, Italy, to the coast of Istria. Marshes, lagoons, and sandspits border the gulf's shores as far as Trieste, Italy. A northwest wind, called the bora, causes rough seas and creates shipping hazards in the gulf
Merchant of Venice
a play by William Shakespeare about a man called Antonio who borrows money from Shylock. When Antonio cannot pay back the money, Shylock demands the right to cut out a 'pound of flesh' from Antonio's body. A famous speech from the play, made by the main female character, Portia, begins with the words, "The quality of mercy is not strained", by which Portia tells Shylock that he cannot be forced to show mercy (=forgiveness) , but that this would be a morally good thing to do
Peace of Venice
v. (1177) Agreement in which Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa acknowledged Alexander III as the true pope. Frederick's decisive defeat by the Lombard League at the Battle of Legnano (1176) had obliged him to abandon his Italian campaign and sign a truce. In the Peace of Venice, Frederick agreed to withdraw support from the antipope and to restore church property he had seized. He received the kiss of peace from the pope in front of St. Mark's
Treaty of Venice
v. (1201) Treaty negotiated between crusaders in the Fourth Crusade and Enrico Dandolo of Venice to provide transport for 85,000 marks. The crusaders' failure to fulfill their monetary obligation was a major factor in the diversion of the crusade to Zara and Constantinople
gulf of venice
an arm of the Adriatic Sea
the Merchant of Venice
famous comedy by Shakespeare
venice
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