(1) A strip of coal left in place temporarily for use in hauling or stripping A layer of large rock or other relatively heavy stable material placed at the outside bottom of the spoil pile to help hold the pile in position (a toe wall) Also used higher in the spoils for the same purpose (2) A small mound of earth on the outer edge of a mountain or secondary road
a levee, shelf, ledge or bench along a stream bank that may extend laterally into the channel to partially obstruct the flow, or parallel to the flow to contain the flow within its stream banks Berms may be natural or artificial (American Fisheries Society 1985)
The raised outside edge of a path or road that serves to prevent or retard erosion
(Road Berm) The part of the road property between the back of the kerb line (or edge of the metalled road where no kerb is present) and the boundary of the adjacent properties Generally grass covered in urban areas, and either grass or bush covered in rural areas
A low, narrow layer or mound of sediment deposited on a backshore by storm waves