A volcanic island of Papua New Guinea, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, it was first visited and named by William Dampier in 1700 and was controlled by Germany after 1884 and by Australia from 1920 until 1975, when Papua New Guinea achieved independence. A city of central Connecticut south-southwest of Hartford. Tin and brass industries were established here in the 18th century. Population: 75,491. formerly Neu-Pommern Largest island (population 1999 est.: 435,000) in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. It was visited and named by English explorer William Dampier in 1700. After periods under German, Australian, and Japanese rule, it became part of Papua New Guinea in 1975 when that nation attained independence. It is crescent-shaped and heavily forested, and it has several volcanoes. Its highest peak, Mount Sinewit, at 7,999 ft (2,438 m), erupted violently in 1937. Commercial products include coconuts, cocoa, and palm oil. Its harbours include Blanche Bay, Talasea, and Jacquinot Bay