marsilius of padua

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born 1280, Padua, Kingdom of Italy died 1343, Munich Italian political philosopher. He was consultant to the Ghibellines until condemned as a heretic (1327) after writing Defensor pacis (1320-24) and fleeing to the court of Louis IV of Bavaria. He helped declare Pope John XXII a heretic, install Nicholas V as antipope, and crown Louis emperor (1328). In his secular concept of the state, the power of the church is limited, and political power lies with the people, a theory that influenced the modern idea of the state