müspetçilik

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Definition von müspetçilik im Türkisch Englisch wörterbuch

positivism

A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values, i.e. the law is posited by lawmakers (humans)

A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics

the view that only analytic and synthetic propositions are meaningful

{i} positiveness, definiteness; philosophical viewpoint that concentrates on definite fact and avoids speculation (founded by Auguste Comte)

Belief that natural science, based on observation, comprises the whole of human knowledge Positivists like Auguste Comte, then, reject as meaningless the claims of theology and metaphysics The most influential twentieth-century version is logical positivism Recommended Reading: Auguste Comte, The Positive Philosophy (AMS, 1987) {at Amazon com}; A J Ayer, Logical Positivism (Free Press, 1966) {at Amazon com}; and Jonathan H Turner, Classical Sociological Theory: A Positivist's Perspective (Burnham, 1993) {at Amazon com} Also see OCP, BGHT, ColE, ISM, OCDL, noesis, and MacE

a quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation

The philosophy that we should admit as knowledge only that about which we can be absolutely certain, that is, what is immediately graspable or empirical

A doctrine taught by Auguste Comte (1798-1857) It holds that man's knowledge of all subjects passes through three stages (theological, metaphysical and positive) Contemporary positivism seeks to apply the experimental methods of the natural sciences (q v ) to the study of the problems of human action (q v ) The maxim of positivists is that science is measurement HA 4,17-18,26,31,56; TH 240-50, 285; UF 36-39, 48-49, 54, 63, 116, 118-20, 122-23

Positivism is a philosophy which accepts only things that can be seen or proved. + positivist positivists posi·tiv·ist By far the most popular idea is the positivist one that we should keep only the facts. a type of philosophy based only on facts which can be scientifically proved, rather than on ideas. Any philosophical system that confines itself to the data of experience, excludes a priori or metaphysical speculations, and emphasizes the achievements of science. Positivism is closely connected with empiricism, pragmatism, and logical positivism. More narrowly, the term designates the philosophy of Auguste Comte, who held that human thought had passed inevitably through a theological stage into a metaphysical stage and was passing into a positive, or scientific, stage. Believing that the religious impulse would survive the decay of revealed religion, he projected a worship of mankind, with churches, calendar, and hierarchy

Practical spirit, sense of reality, concreteness

In criminology, 'positivism' has two meanings (1) Specifically, it refers to the evolutionary assumptions and scientific methods of the 'positivist school' of criminology (2) More generally, it is used to characterize all approaches to criminology that are primarily concerned with questions of etiology, and which believe that social phenomena can and should be explained in the manner of the natural sciences And the origins of the term? Talk to Comte

A philosophical approach to research, adopting 'scientific' and rigerous methods The approach is influenced by the researcher's ontological and epistemological positions, in other words, their views on reality and the independence of the researcher in relation to knowledge

Generally, the view that philosophy and science are one, exhaust genuine knowledge, and provide the only available key to rational social action Varieties of positivism flourished on the Continent during the nineteenth century, some stressing political activity The Vienna Circle (1920's) consisted of physicists, philosophers, and logicians, and propounded a logical positivism, or logical empiricism (which see) Carnap, among others, came from this group

Such relations are denominated laws, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison

the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)

a philosophical school which models itself on empirical science and shows no grasp of what dialectical philosophers mean by negation or the negative Positivism rejects trying to understand things in relation to the dialectics of world history, and instead tries to know things bit by bit

It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space

Philosophical movement of the second half of the XIX century, that refused every form of metaphysics and put scientific data as the only foundation of knowledge. "Logic positivism", "neopositivism"

Theory that international law is the voluntary creation of sovereign states

A widespread trend in bourgeois philosophy and sociology, founded by Comte (1798-1857), a French philosopher and sociologist The positivists deny the possibility of knowing inner regularities and relations and deny the significance of philosophy as a method of knowing and changing the objective world They reduce philosophy to a summary of the data provided by the various branches of science and to a superficial description of the results of direct observation -- i e , to "positive" facts Positivism considers itself to be "above" both materialism and idealism but it is actually nothing more than a variety of subjective idealism Positivism claims to be neutral and above philosophical outlooks, interested in processes but not willing to go beyond the boundaries of the status quo In effect they confirm the maintenance of existing social structures

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