A condition or variable that is both a risk factor for disease and associated with an exposure of interest This association between the exposure of interest and the confounder (a true risk factor for disease) may make it falsely appear that the exposure of interest is associated with disease
A characteristic or factor that causes (or prevents) the health outcome of interest, and which is also correlated with the causative factors or characteristics being investigated Confounders, if not controlled for, cause bias in the estimate of the impact of the causative factors or characteristics being investigated {3} Use your browser's "BACK" button to return to the page you were viewing previously