Presidential act refusing to allow an agency to spend funds authorized by Congress
Efforts by presidents to thwart congressional programs that they cannot otherwise defeat by refusing to spend the funds that Congress has appropriated for them Congress placed limits on impoundment in the Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
An executive branch action or inaction that delays or withholds the expenditure or obligation of budget authority provided by law The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 classifies impoundments as either deferrals or rescissions, requires the president to notify Congress about all such actions, and gives Congress authority to approve or reject them The Constitution is unclear on whether a president may refuse to spend appropriated money, but Congress usually expects the President to spend at least enough to achieve the purposes for which the money was provided whether or not he agrees with those purposes
An artificially enclosed body of water; typically with fluctuating water levels and high turbidity
means a closed basin, naturally formed or artificially built, which is dammed or excavated for the retention of water, sediment, or waste
Any action taken by the executive branch that delays or precludes the obligation or expenditure of budget authority appropriated by Congress
general term for any confined water body, usually due to artificial structures but may be natural
A body of water such as a pond, confined by a dam, dike, floodgate or other barrier It is used to collect and store water for future use
Generally, an artificial collection or storage of water, as a reservoir, pit, dugout, sump, etc
A body of water such as a pond, or sludge, confined by a dam, dike, floodgate or other barrier It is used to collect and store water for future use
Any lake, reservoir, pond, or other containment of surface water occupying a bed or depression in the earth's surface and having a discernible shoreline
Manmade lake or reservoir usually characterized by stream inflow and always by a stream outlet Because of nutrient and soil loss from upstream land use practices, impoundments ordinarily have higher nutrient concentrations and faster sedimentation rates than natural lakes Their retention times are relatively short