Sprats are very small European sea fish which can be eaten. a small fish that is cooked and eaten whole. or brisling Species (Sprattus sprattus) of edible fish in the herring family. Sprats are silver marine fishes that form enormous schools in western European waters. Less than 6 in. (15 cm) long, they are especially valuable for canning as sardines. They are eaten fresh, tinned in oil, pickled, or smoked. The term also refers to a small or young herring or similar fish (e.g., anchovy)