Stands for El Niño-Southern Oscillation ENSO refers to an irregular cycle of warming and cooling of the sea surface temperatures (see definition) of tropical Pacific Ocean The cycle has a length of about 4 years, and is a natural part of the Earth's climate system The oceanic warming and cooling is accompanied by changes in air pressure above the Pacific Ocean (the "Southern Oscillation") These changes in the Pacific Ocean's temperatures and the atmosphere above it affect the global climate system, and therefore can affect the climate in regions that are far away from the Pacific (like Africa)
El Nino Southern Oscillation It is a disruption of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific having important consequences for weather around the globe