constant

(Askeri) İBRE İNHİRAFI (İNHİRAF SABİTESİ) ; SABİT İBRE SAPMASI: Bir pusulada okunan değerlere uygulanan ve hakiki veya grid kuzeyi ile aletin gösterdiği manyetik kuzey arasında, saat yelkovanı dönüş istikametindeki açıyı temsil eden, sabit bir düzeltme miktarı

derivative action time constant

turevsel eylem zaman degismezi

disintegration constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) bozunma sabiti,parçalanma sabiti

distributed constant

(Elektrik, Elektronik,Teknik) dağılmış sabit

effective multiplication constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) etkin çoğaltma sabiti

elastic constant

elastik sabit

equilibrium constant

(Tıp) denge sabitesi

equilibrium constant

(Kimya) denge durganı

fine structure constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) ince yapı değişmezi

geometric constant

geometrik sabit

geophysical constant

(Askeri) JEOFİZİK DEĞİŞMEZ (HV.): Yer fiziği biliminde kullanılan fiziksel bir kanun veya kuvvete ait sabit bir değeri ifade eden bir miktar. Örneğin çekim değişmez

gravitational constant

gravitasyonal sabit (g)

have in constant wear

yanından ayırmamak

have in constant wear

sürekli giymek

henryâ€™s constant

(Askeri) henry sabiti

infinite multiplication constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) sonsuz ortam çoğaltma sabiti

instability constant

stabilitesizlik sabiti

instrument constant

(Ticaret) cihaz sabiti

instrument constant

alet sabiti

integral action time constant

tumlenik davranis zaman sabiti

lames constant

lame sabiti

line of constant bearing

(Askeri) SABİT KERTERİZ HATTI: Sabit veya hareket halindeki bir noktadan hareket halinde veya sabit bir noktaya çekilen ve bir referans hattına nazaran sabit bir açı değerini muhafaza eden bir hat

line of constant bearing

(Askeri) sabit kerteriz hattı

multiplication constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) çoğaltma sabiti

numeric constant

sayısal değişmez

partition constant

(Tıp) partitisyon katsayısı

phase constant

evre degismezi

piecewise constant signal

parcali degismez sinyal

planck constant

(Nükleer Bilimler) planck sabiti

Englisch - Englisch

Definition von constant im Englisch Englisch wörterbuch: Any property of an experiment, determined numerically, that does not change under given circumstances; Unchanged through time or space; permanent; Consistently recurring over time; persistent; That which is permanent or invariable; A quantity that remains at a fixed value throughout a given discussion; Steady in purpose, action, feeling, etc; An identifier that is bound to an invariant value; {s} continuous; firm, steadfast, unmoving; faithful; {a} firm, unchangeable, certain, fixed; A data object whose value cannot be changed A named entity with the PARAMETER attribute is called a named constant A constant without a name is called a literal constant; A variable or object whose value doesn't change; (n ) a data object whose value must not change during execution of an executable program In Fortran 90 it may be a named constant or a literal constant, whereas in Fortran 77 a constant may only be a literal constant; Contrasted with variable; Consistent; logical; A quantity that does not change its value; used in countradistinction to variable; Mathematical constants are generally represented by empty elements and are distinguished from functions by the fact that they are not used as the first argument of an apply Their signature is simply the type of the object they represent; A constant is a thing or value that always stays the same. In the world of fashion it sometimes seems that the only constant is ceaseless change variable. Boltzmann constant Constant de Rebecque Henri Benjamin cosmological constant elastic constant Hubble's constant; If an amount or level is constant, it stays the same over a particular period of time. The average speed of the winds remained constant. = stable; The simplest possible shader: includes only the surface color, which is constant across the surface This is because surface normal, reflectance and lighting information are not calculated at all Useful with texture mapped surfaces when the texture image is preferred to reproduce on the object as close to the original color as possible; Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, force, law, etc; A number whose value, when ascertained (as by observation) and substituted in a general mathematical formula expressing an astronomical law, completely determines that law and enables predictions to be made of its effect in particular cases; A named item that retains a constant value throughout the execution of a program Constants can be used anywhere in your code in place of actual values A constant can be a string or numeric literal, another constant, or any combination that includes arithmetic or logical operators except Is and exponentiation For example: Const A = "MyString"; A data object whose value does not change during the execution of a program; the value is defined at the time of compilation A constant can be named (using the PARAMETER attribute or statement) or unnamed An unnamed constant is called a literal constant The value of a constant can be numeric or logical, or it can be a character string Contrast with variable; You use constant to describe something that happens all the time or is always there. Inflation is a constant threat He has been her constant companion for the last four months. = continual + constantly con·stant·ly The direction of the wind is constantly changing; Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; opposed to fluid; continually recurring or continuing without interruption; "constant repetition of the exercise"; "constant chatter of monkeys"; a quantity that does not vary; A fixed value used in a calculated field For example, in the expression V8 + 16, the constant is 16; An item that represents a value that cannot be changed For Example: 123 'x'; A value that doesn't change; a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context; "the velocity of light is a constant"; That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable; Constants are terms introduced into CycL by explicit creation Constants such as #$BillM or #$likesAsFriend begin with "#$" Constants are one type of FORT; the other type are non-atomic terms (NAT's) For more on the syntax and usage of constants, click here; 1 A constant binding 2 A literal constant 3 (~ binding) Read-only 4 (~ slot) Not assignable Constant slots do not have setter functions; A data item with a value that does not change during program execution; n 1 a constant form 2 a constant variable 3 a constant object 4 a self-evaluating object; A quantity that does not change its value, no matter what happens to other related variables; A variable whose value may not be changed In Java, these are implemented by final variables constructor A constructor is automatically called when an instance of its class is created A constructor always has the same name as its class, and has no return type For instance public class Ship { public Ship(String name){ } } A class with no explicit constructor has an implicit no-arg constructor, which takes no arguments and has an empty body; {i} number with a fixed value (Mathematics); A constant is a fixed number; The constants in an experiment are all the factors that do not change These will vary depending on what question is being addressed In a bioassay experiment, usually the temperature is kept constant However, if the question being investigated were, "How does temperature affect lettuce seed germination and growth?" then in this case the temperature would be a variable rather than a constant; A value that does not change In NewtonScript the value of the constant is substituted wherever the constant is used in code Source: NPG; continually recurring or continuing without interruption; "constant repetition of the exercise"; "constant chatter of monkeys; a quantity that does not vary a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context; "the velocity of light is a constant"; A value in a software program that never changes, as opposed to a variable which can change; A number expressing some property or condition of a substance or of an instrument of precision; as, the dielectric constant of quartz; the collimation constant of a transit instrument; steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection; "a man constant in adherence to his ideals"; "a constant lover"; "constant as the northern star"; (n ) A data item that keeps the same value throughout a program's run cycle Contrast with variable; ("to stand firm"): an algebraic term that consists of a number by itself A constant is a term with unchanging value The degree of a constant term is 0 Examples; any fundamental value (either with units or dimensionless) inherent to the Universe; the fundamental physical constants include the speed of light c, Planck's constant h, the gravitational constant G, Boltzmann's constant k, the gas constant R, and many others; persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature; "maintained a constant temperature"; "a constant beat"; "principles of unvarying validity"; "a steady breeze"; The sum produced by each row, column, and main diagonal (and possibly other arrangements) Also called the magic sum The constant (S) of a normal magic square is (n3+n)/2 If the magic square consists of consecutive numbers, but not starting at 1, the constant is (n3+n)/2+n(a-1) where a equals the starting number If the magic square consists of numbers with a fixed increment, then S = an + b(n/2)(n2-1) where a = starting number and b = increment See Series For a normal magic square, S = ½ n(n2+1) For a normal magic cube, S = ½ n(n3+1) For a tesseract S = ½ n(n4+1) In general; for a d-dimensional hypercube S = ½ n(nd+1) For a normal magic star, when n is the order, S = 4n + 2 See Magic Star Definitions; uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing; "the ceaseless thunder of surf"; "in constant pain"; "night and day we live with the incessant noise of the city"; "the never-ending search for happiness"; "the perpetual struggle to maintain standards in a democracy"; "man's unceasing warfare with drought and isolation"; "unremitting demands of hunger"; A number that does not change in value in a given situation; Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle
constant function: A function whose value is the same for all the elements of its domain
constant functions: plural form of constant function
constant of integration: An unspecified constant term added to a particular antiderivative to make it represent its whole family of antiderivatives
constant speed drive: Something that aims at ensuring that the electric generator produces a constant frequency
constant-velocity: Describing a universal joint that allows constant power to be transmitted through a variable angle
constant dollars: Dollars reported in terms of the value they had on a previous date: "The dividend of $5 per share that was paid in 1986 was worth only $2.50 in constant dollars of 1976, when the stock was purchased."
constant rate: A flow rate that does not change appreciably during a test period. Flow rates are never truly constant, but changes of only a few percent do not affect the results of well-test analysis appreciably if the rate is averaged over the flow period
constant time delay: (Eğitim) Constant time delay is a techniques used in behaviour modification and experimental settings where the prompt is faded out by a fixed time delay being established between the presentation of the target stimulus and the occurence of the prompt
Constant Angular Velocity: CAV, revolution speed of a hard disk that does not change according to the location of data on the disk (as opposed to CLV in which the speed is faster on the inner tracks)
Constant Linear Velocity: CLV, flow of data at a constant speed (caused by a change in the speed of revolution of the hard disk according to the location of data - faster on the inner tracks and slower on the outer tracks)
constant dollars: Dollars reported in terms of the value they had on a previous date: The dividend of $5 per share that was paid in 1986 was worth only $2.50 in constant dollars of 1976, when the stock was purchased
constant function: function which is matches all sources with the same image, y=c (Mathematics)
constant payment: payment which recurs periodically, regular payment
constant pressure: permanent pressure, endless stress
constant region: The portion of the carboxyl terminal of an immunoglobulin's heavy and light chains having an amino acid sequence that does not vary within a given class or subclass of immunoglobulin
constant velocity joint: A universal joint used especially in front-wheel drive cars that allows power to be transmitted from a transaxle to an axle or from an axle to a wheel even at sharp angles, as when the suspension moves up and down. Also called CV joint
constant velocity joints (CV): (Otomotiv) Found mostly in front-wheel-drive cars, and on some rear-wheel-drive cars with independent rear suspension systems, these special joints transmit engine power while allowing full steering and suspension movement. They are covered by black accordion boots that protect joints and hold grease
Coulomb's constant: the constant of proportionality in the equation of Coulomb's law; numerical value depends on the units used
cosmological constant: A term added by Albert Einstein to his equations of general relativity in order to account for a supposed static universe
cosmological constant: an arbitrary constant in the equations of general relativity theory
cosmological constant: Term reluctantly added by Albert Einstein to his equations of general relativity in order to obtain a solution to the equations that described a static universe, as he believed it to be at the time. The constant has the effect of a repulsive force that acts against the gravitational attraction of matter in the universe. When Einstein heard of the evidence that the universe is expanding, he called the introduction of the cosmological constant the "biggest blunder" of his life. Recent developments suggest that in the early universe there may well have been a cosmological constant with a nonzero value
Boltzmann constant: Boltzmann's constant
Boltzmann's constant: The physical constant relating energy at the particle level with temperature observed at the bulk level. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro's number NA: - k = \frac{R}{N_{\rm A}}\
Dirac constant: Planck's constant divided by 2π. Also called the rationalized or reduced Planck's constant; symbol is ħ, written in ASCII as h bar
Einstein constant: Alternative form of Einstein's constant
Einstein's constant: the coupling constant appearing in the Einstein field equation
Hubble constant: a number the expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal gives the age of the universe
Hubble's constant: alternative spelling of Hubble constant
Madelung constant: a numerical constant used in determining the electrostatic energy of each ion in a crystal
Planck's constant: the constant of proportionality relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626 x 10-34 joule-seconds); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Rydberg constant: a universal scaling factor for all spectroscopic transitions
constantly: With steadfastness; with resolve; in loyalty, faithfully
Agrippa and the rest of his weeping friends earnestly besought him not to offer violence unto himself, ‘with a settled resolution he desired again they would approve of his good intent, and not seek to dehort him from it’; and so constantly died.
constantly: In an unchangeable or invariable manner; in every case
fine-structure constant: The fundamental physical value α, presumed to be constant, that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic force
fundamental constant: any of a set of physical quantities that play a fundamental role in basic theories
gas constant: a universal constant, R, that appears in the ideal gas law, (PV = nRT), derived from two fundamental constants, the Boltzman constant and Avogadro's number, (R = NAk)
gravitational constant: An empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of the gravitational attraction between objects with mass
physical constant: A physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time
solar constant: The amount of incoming solar radiation per unit area, measured on the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere, in a plane perpendicular to the rays
spring constant: A characteristic of a spring which is defined as the ratio of the force affecting the spring to the displacement caused by it
time constant: The time in which a physical system's response to a step-wise change in an external variable reaches approximately 63% of its final (asymptotic) value
time constant: A characteristic of an exponential function, represented by τ in the function:
y(t) \ = \ y_o e^{-t / \tau} \ .
constantly: {a} invariably, steadily, always, ever
absolute constant: A constant that has the same value wherever it occurs in mathematics
dielectric constant: A quantity measuring the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field
frictional constant: The constant that appears in Newton's second law to measure the strength of friction
Benjamin Constant: born Oct. 25, 1767, Lausanne, Switz. died Dec. 8, 1830, Paris, France French-Swiss novelist and political writer. He had a tumultuous 12-year relationship with Germaine de Staë l, whose views influenced him to support the French Revolution and subsequently to oppose Napoleon, for which he was exiled (1803-14). He later served in the Chamber of Deputies (1819-30). Adolphe (1816) was a forerunner of the modern psychological novel. Among his other works are the long historical analysis of religious feeling De la Religion, 5 vol. (1824-31) and his revealing journals (first complete publication, 1952)
Boltzmann constant: Ratio of the universal gas constant (see gas laws) to Avogadro's number. It has a value of 1.380662 10^-23 joules per kelvin. Named after Ludwig Boltzmann, it is a fundamental constant of physics, occurring in nearly every statistical formulation of both classical and quantum physics
Henri- Benjamin Constant de Rebecque: born Oct. 25, 1767, Lausanne, Switz. died Dec. 8, 1830, Paris, France French-Swiss novelist and political writer. He had a tumultuous 12-year relationship with Germaine de Staë l, whose views influenced him to support the French Revolution and subsequently to oppose Napoleon, for which he was exiled (1803-14). He later served in the Chamber of Deputies (1819-30). Adolphe (1816) was a forerunner of the modern psychological novel. Among his other works are the long historical analysis of religious feeling De la Religion, 5 vol. (1824-31) and his revealing journals (first complete publication, 1952)
Hubble's constant: Constant used to relate the velocities of remote galaxies to their distances from Earth. Denoted H and named in honour of Edwin Hubble, it expresses the rate of expansion of the universe. Its actual value has been debated for decades; improved measurements have narrowed the range in which it falls to about 10.5-14 mi/second (17-23 km/second) per million light-years. The reciprocal of H gives the time, in seconds, since the galaxies began to separate from each other i.e., the approximate age of the universe. Hubble used the redshifts of distant galaxies measured by Vesto Slipher (1875-1969) and his own distance estimates of those galaxies to establish the cosmological velocity-distance law (Hubble law): velocity = H distance, according to which the greater a galaxy's distance, the faster it is receding. Derived from theoretical considerations and confirmed by observations, the Hubble law has made secure the concept of an expanding universe
Planck's constant: The constant of proportionality relating the energy of a photon to the frequency of that photon. Its value is approximately 6.626 × 10- joule-seconds
boltzmann's constant: constant used in the calculation of the ideal gas constant
constantly: without variation or change; "constantly kind and gracious
constantly: without variation or change; "constantly kind and gracious"
constantly: With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without cessation; uniformly
constantly: In a constant manner; occurring continuously; persistently
constantly: In an unchangeable or invariable manner
constantly: Recurring regularly
constantly: without interruption; "the world is constantly changing"
constantly: without interruption; "the world is constantly changing" seemingly uninterrupted; "constantly bullied by his big brother"; "was perpetually answering the doorbell" without variation or change; "constantly kind and gracious
constantly: all the time, or very often
constantly: seemingly uninterrupted; "constantly bullied by his big brother"; "was perpetually answering the doorbell"
constantly: continuously; firmly, in a steadfast manner; faithfully
constantly: In a loyal or faithful manner
constantly: perennially
constants: Constants are used to substitute words for integers, which are frequently used throughout a program Here the constants refers to hardware of the box as denoted by the function of each constant and corresponding integer (e g , Hand switch, RightLever), always defined before the execution of the first state set
constants: Constants are the terms in the algebraic expression that contain only numbers That is, they're the terms without variables We call them constants because their value never changes, since there are no variables in the term that can change its value In the expression 7x2 + 3xy + 8 the constant term is "8 "
constants: Numbers such as 3 or 27 Placed on right side of equation; also called knowns
constants: In math, things that do not change: for example distance, volume, mass, are called constants The things that do change are called variables (cf Gathering Information from Graphs Discussion)
constants: Also a named means to hold data, but the data cannot change during program execution
constants: plural of constant
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacitance with a particular material separating the plates of a capacitor to the capacitance with a vacuum between the plates
dielectric constant: the ratio of capacitance of a capacitor with a dielectric between the electrodes to the capacitance of a capacitor with air between the electrodes
dielectric constant: The property of a dielectric which determines the amount of electrostatic energy that can be stored by the material when a given voltage is applied to it Also called permattivity
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacity of a condenser having a dielectric constant between the plates to that of the same condenser when the dielectric is replaced by a vacuum; a measure of the electrical charge stored per unit volume at unit potential
dielectric constant: – - the ratio of capacitance with a dielectric between the plates to the capacitance with a vacuum between the plates (see equation 17 13)
dielectric constant: Related to the force of attraction between two opposite charges separated by a distance in a uniform medium
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacity of a condenser (made with a dielectric material) to the capacity of the same condenser (with air as the dielectric) Measured at a frequency of 10E6 cycles per second
dielectric constant: For a given substance, the ratio of the capacity of a condenser with that substance as dielectric to the capacity of the same condenser with a vacuum for dielectric It is a measure, therefore, of the amount of electrical charge a given substance can withstand at a given electric field strength; it should not be confused with dielectric strength
dielectric constant: Also called permitivity That property of a dielectric which determines the amount of electrostatic energy that can be stored by the material when a given voltage is applied to it Example: the ratio of capacitance of a capacitor using the dielectric to the capacitance of an identical capacitor using a vacuum as a dielectric
dielectric constant: A parameter characterzing the relative ability of a dielectric material in a capacitor to produce energy storage The higher the number the better the capacitor
dielectric constant: The specific inductive capacity of a dielectric That property of a dielectric which determines the electrostatic energy stored per unit volume for unit potential gradient The dielectric constant of a medium is defined by e in the equation F = QQ1/er2 , where F is the force of attraction between two charges Q and Q1 separated by a distance r in a uniform medium
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacitance of a material to the capacitance of air
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacitance using the material in question as the dielectric, to the capacitance resulting when the material is replaced by air
dielectric constant: The term used to describe a material's ability to store charge when used as a capacitor dielectric It is the ratio of the charge that would be stored with free space to that stored with the material in question as the dielectric
dielectric constant: That property (K) of an insulating material which is the ratio of the parallel capacitance (C) of a given configuration of electrodes with the material as the dielectric, to the capacitance of the same electrode configuration with a vacuum as the dielectric
dielectric constant: The dielectric constant of a material (wood) is the ratio of the electric potential energy stored in a certain volume of the material in a given electric field to the corresponding energy stored in the same volume of free space in the same electric field
dielectric constant: The ratio of electric flux density to electric field
dielectric constant: the ratio of the permittivity of a medium to that of a vacuum
dielectric constant: Also called permittivity That property of a dielectric which determines the amount of electrostatic energy that can be stored by the material when a given voltage is applied to it Actually, the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using the dielectric to the capacitance of an identical capacitor using a vacuum as a dielectric
dielectric constant: the specific inductive capacity or a dielectric That property of a dielectric which determines the electrostatic energy stored per unit volume for unit potential gradient
dielectric constant: The ratio of the capacitance levels achieved with an insulating material and vacuum That property of a dielectric which determines the electrostatic energy stored per unit volume for unit potential gradient Also referred to as Permittivity or Specific Inductive Capacity (SIC)
dielectric constant: -A number that describes the dielectric strength of a material relative to a vacuum, which has a dielectric constant of one
dielectric constant: The capacitance developed by an insulating material placed between two electrodes as compared to only air between the same electrodes
dielectric constant: (K) -- The ratio of the capacitance of a condenser with dielectric between the electrodes to the capacitance when air is between the electrodes
dissociation constant: A value that quantitatively expresses the extent to which a substance dissociates in solution The smaller the value of K, the less dissociation of the species in solution This value varies with temperature, ionic strength, and the nature of the solvent
dissociation constant: A value which quantitatively expresses the extent to which a substance dissociates in solution The smaller the value of K, the less dissociation of the species in solution This value varies with temperature, ionic strength, and the nature of the solvent
dissociation constant: the equilibrium constant for a reversible dissociation
dissociation constant: For systems in which °ligands of a particular kind bind to a °receptor in a solvent there will be a characteristic frequency with which existing ligand-receptor complexes dissociate as a result of thermal excitation, and a characteristic frequency with which empty receptors bind ligands as a result of Brownian encounters, forming new complexes The frequency of binding is proportional to the concentration of the ligand in solution The dissociation constant is the magnitude of the ligand concentration at which the probability that the receptor will be found occupied is 1/2
dissociation constant: Equilibrium constant that applies to the dissociation of a comples ion into a simple ion and coordinating species (ligands)
dissociation constant: the equilibrium constant for the decomposition of a complex ion into its components in solution
dissociation constant: the inverse of the formation constant, which is the equilibrium constant for the reaction in which ligands replace water molecules in binding to a complex ion So if the dissociation constant is high, the formation constant is low and fewer ligands are binding with metal ions
equilibrium constant: (chemistry) the ratio of concentrations when equilibrium is reached in a reversible reaction (when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction)
gas constant: A constant, equal to 8.314 joules per Kelvin or 1.985 calories per degree Celsius, that is the constant of proportionality (R) in the equation Pressure × Volume = n (number of moles) × (R) × Temperature, relating the pressure and volume of a quantity of gas to the absolute temperature
gas constant: 3143 joules per kelvin per mole
gas constant: (physics) the universal constant in the gas equation: pressure times volume = R times temperature; equal to 8
gravitational constant: The constant in Newton's law of gravitation that yields the force one body exerts on another when multiplied by the product of the masses of the two bodies and divided by the square of the distance between them. It equals 6.67 × 10-
gravitational constant: (physics) the universal constant relating force to mass and distance in Newton's law of gravitation
hubble's constant: (cosmology) the ratio of the speed of recession of a galaxy (due to the expansion of the universe) to its distance from the observer; the reciprocal of the Hubble constant is the age of the universe
law of constant proportion: (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
planck's constant: 626 x 10\-34 joule-second
planck's constant: the constant of proportionality relating the energy of a photon to its frequency; approximately 6
smoothing constant: (Ticaret) The number used in exponential smoothing models to give the most recent period a different weight than the previous periods. (syn: alpha smoothing factor)
solar constant: The average density of solar radiation measured outside Earth's atmosphere and at Earth's mean distance from the sun, equal to 0.140 watt per square centimeter
solar constant: the rate at which radiant solar energy is received at the outer layer of the earth's atmosphere
time constant: the ratio of the inductance of a circuit in henries to its resistance in ohms (electronics) the time required for the current or voltage in a circuit to rise or fall exponentially through approximately 63 per cent of its amplitude