{i} male first name; family name; Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), Scottish born English essayist and historian who wrote about the French Revolution in 1837; city in Illinois (USA)
born Dec. 27, 1851, Lyme Regis, Dorset, Eng. died Dec. 16, 1935, England British metallurgist. In 1876-77, with his cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (1850-85), he devised the basic Bessemer process of making steel in Bessemer converters from phosphorus-containing pig iron. In the Thomas-Gilchrist process, the lining used in the converter is basic rather than acidic, and it captures the acidic phosphorus oxides formed upon blowing air through molten iron made from the high-phosphorus iron ore prevalent in Europe. The process subsequently became widely used
a Scottish writer on political and social subjects, who wrote a famous history of the French Revolution (1795-1881). born Dec. 4, 1795, Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire, Scot. died Feb. 5, 1881, London, Eng. Scottish historian and essayist. The son of a mason, Carlyle was reared in a strict Calvinist household and educated at the University of Edinburgh. He moved to London in 1834. An energetic, irritable, fiercely independent idealist, he became a leading moral force in Victorian literature. His humorous essay "Sartor Resartus" (1836) is a fantastic hodgepodge of autobiography and German philosophy. The French Revolution, 3 vol. (1837), perhaps his greatest achievement, contains outstanding set pieces and character studies. On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (1841) showed his reverence for strength, particularly when combined with the conviction of a God-given mission. He later published a study of Oliver Cromwell (1845) and a huge biography of Frederick the Great, 6 vol. (1858-65)