(Askeri) TOPRAK KADEMESİ: Bir siper veya yeraltı sığınağının üstüne yakın bulunan bir kademe veya basamak. Toprak kademesi; ön siperler ile siper kenarlarının sığınak için doğru kaymasına ve yıkılmasına engel olur ve kirişlere destek vazifesi görür. Siperlerin ön kısımlarında bu vazifeyi dirsek kademesi görür
(1) A strip of coal left in place temporarily for use in hauling or stripping A layer of large rock or other relatively heavy stable material placed at the outside bottom of the spoil pile to help hold the pile in position (a toe wall) Also used higher in the spoils for the same purpose (2) A small mound of earth on the outer edge of a mountain or secondary road
a levee, shelf, ledge or bench along a stream bank that may extend laterally into the channel to partially obstruct the flow, or parallel to the flow to contain the flow within its stream banks Berms may be natural or artificial (American Fisheries Society 1985)
(Road Berm) The part of the road property between the back of the kerb line (or edge of the metalled road where no kerb is present) and the boundary of the adjacent properties Generally grass covered in urban areas, and either grass or bush covered in rural areas
(1) On a beach: a nearly horizontal plateau on the beach face or backshore, formed by the deposition of beach material by wave action or by means of a mechanical plant as part of a beach recharge scheme (2) On a structure: a nearly horizontal area, often built to support or key-in an armour layer (3) A linear mound or series of mounds of sand and/or gravel generally paralleling the water at or landward of the line of ordinary high tide
A barrier, such as an earthen mound or concrete structure, placed across a road to permanently restrict the road from use by wheeled motorized vehicles
A horizontal strip or shelf built into an embankment or cut to break the continuity of the slope, usually for the purpose of reducing erosion or to increase the thickness of the embankment at a point of change in a slope or defined water surface elevation
A low earth fill constructed in the path of flowing water to divert its direction, or constructed to act as a counter-weight beside the road fill to reduce the risk of foundation failure