The benedict, drearily superfluous to the festivities, had hardly been noticed by her as he lurked about the walls and sought what entertainment was possible to one under the social disabilities of matrimony.
{i} male first name; family name; Saint Benedict (480-547) Italian monk who founded of the Benedictine order; Ruth Benedict (1887-1948), USA anthropologist; city in North Dakota (USA); city in Kansas (USA)
American anthropologist noted for her study of Native American and Japanese cultures. orig. Jacques Fournier born , Saverdun, near Toulouse, France died April 25, 1342, Avignon, Provence Pope (1334-42). A French cardinal and theologian, he became the third pontiff to reign at Avignon (see Avignon papacy), succeeding John XXII. The bishop of Pamiers and Mirepoix and a zealous inquisitor before his elevation to the papacy, Benedict devoted himself to the reform of the church and its religious orders; he also tried unsuccessfully to prevent the outbreak of the conflict between England and France that became the Hundred Years' War. His bull Benedictus Deus (1336) set forth the doctrine of the beatific vision as a vision of God granted to the souls of the just immediately after death. orig. Pedro de Luna born 1328, Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon died 1423, Peñíscola, in Valencia Antipope (1394-1423). A French professor of canon law, he was named a cardinal in 1375. When the Western Schism began in 1378, he supported the antipope Clement VII. Elected pope at Avignon (see Avignon papacy), he refused French pressure to abdicate and was besieged in the papal palace (1398). Benedict escaped to Provence in 1403 and won back the obedience of France. He refused to yield when deposed by the Councils of Pisa (1409) and Constance (1417). orig. Prospero Lambertini born March 31, 1675, Bologna, Papal States died May 3, 1758, Rome Pope in 1740-58. Nobly born, he received a doctorate in theology and law. Typical of his pontificate were his promotion of scientific learning and his admonition to those drawing up the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (Index of Forbidden Books) to act with restraint. In the Papal States he reduced taxation, encouraged agriculture, and supported free trade. He maintained conciliatory relations with neighbouring kingdoms. A lifelong active scholar, he founded several learned societies and laid the groundwork for the present Vatican Museum. Bernard Garnier, a French cleric who was counter-antipope (1425-33) while Martin V was pope and Clement VIII was antipope, was also called Benedict XIV. orig. Giacomo Della Chiesa born Nov. 21, 1854, Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia died Jan. 22, 1922, Rome, Italy Pope (1914-22). Ordained a priest in 1878, he entered the papal diplomatic service. He was made archbishop of Bologna in 1907 and cardinal in 1914. Elected pope a month after the outbreak of World War I, he tried to follow a policy of strict neutrality and concentrated the church's efforts on relief. He later made positive efforts toward reestablishing peace, though his principal attempt in 1917 to mediate the war was unsuccessful. Arnold Benedict Benedict of Nursia Saint Benedict XII Benedict XIII Benedict XIV Benedict XV Benedict Ruth Benedict Caetani Spinoza Benedict de
A solution of sodium citrate, sodium carbonate and copper sulphate whose colour changes from blue to yellow or red in the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose
an American military leader, who betrayed his country when he changed to support the British during the American Revolutionary War (1741-1801). born Jan. 14, 1741, Norwich, Conn. died June 14, 1801, London, Eng. American army officer and traitor. He joined the American Revolutionary army in 1775 and contributed to American victories at the Battle of Ticonderoga, at Fort Stanwix, N.Y., and at the Battle of Saratoga, where he was seriously wounded. He was made a major general and placed in command of Philadelphia, where he lived extravagantly and socialized with wealthy loyalist sympathizers, one of whom he married in 1779. Reprimanded for fiscal irregularities in his command, he began secret overtures to the British. After receiving command of the fort at West Point, N.Y. (1780), he offered to surrender it to the British for 20,000. The plot was uncovered after his British contact, John André, was captured. Arnold escaped on a British ship to England, where he died penniless
Hebrew Baruch Spinoza born Nov. 24, 1632, Amsterdam died Feb. 21, 1677, The Hague Dutch Jewish philosopher, a major exponent of 17th-century rationalism. His father and grandfather had fled persecution by the Inquisition in Portugal. His early interest in new scientific and philosophical ideas led to his expulsion from the synagogue in 1656, and he thereafter made his living as a lens grinder and polisher. His philosophy represents a development of and reaction to the thought of René Descartes; many of his most striking doctrines are solutions to difficulties created by Cartesianism. He found three unsatisfactory features in Cartesian metaphysics: the transcendence of God, mind-body dualism, and the ascription of free will both to God and to human beings. To Spinoza, those doctrines made the world unintelligible, since it was impossible to explain the relation between God and the world or between mind and body or to account for events occasioned by free will. In his masterpiece, Ethics (1677), he constructed a monistic system of metaphysics and presented it in a deductive manner on the model of the Elements of Euclid. He was offered the chair of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg but declined it, seeking to preserve his independence. His other major works are the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1670) and the unfinished Tractatus Politicus
{i} Benedictine order, Roman Catholic order comprising of monks (known as the "Black Monks"), order that supports both learning and the practice of devoutness
orig. Ruth Fulton born June 5, 1887, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 17, 1948, New York City U.S. anthropologist. She received a Ph.D. under Franz Boas at Columbia University and taught at Columbia from 1924 until her death. In Patterns of Culture (1934), her most famous work, she emphasized how small a part of the range of possible human behaviour is elaborated or emphasized in any one society. She described how these forms of behaviour are integrated into patterns or configurations, and she supported cultural relativism, or the judging of cultural phenomena in the context of the culture in which they occur. In The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (1946), she applied her methods to Japanese culture. Her theories had a profound influence on cultural anthropology
born 480, Nursia, Kingdom of the Lombards died 547 Founder of the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino, Italy, and father of Western monasticism. Born into a prominent family at Nursia in central Italy, he rejected the immoral and profligate life of the rich and became a hermit outside Rome, where he attracted disciples. At his monastery at Cassino he formulated the Benedictine Rule, which became standard in monasteries throughout Europe. The Rule includes a probationary year prior to the vow of obedience and lifelong residence at one monastery, a ban on personal property, an abbot elected for life who appoints all other officers, and a precisely ordered day that includes five to six hours of liturgy and prayer, five hours of manual work, and four hours of scriptural and spiritual reading
You can refer to something that makes people feel protected and at peace as a benediction. She could only raise her hand in a gesture of benediction. a Christian prayer that asks God to protect and help someone (benedictio, from benedicere , from bene + dicere )