aging

Englisch - Türkisch

Definition von aging im Englisch Türkisch wörterbuch

O yaşlanan film yıldızı üç kez yüz gerdirme ameliyatı oldu. - That aging film star has had three facelifts.

Ülkenin yaşlanan nüfusunu telafi etmek için, hükümet doğum ve göç oranlarını önemli ölçüde artırmak için adımlar atmaya karar verdi. - In order to compensate for the country's aging population, the government has decided to take steps to significantly increase birth and immigration rates.

yıllanma

(Denizbilim) yaşlnma

(İnşaat) yaşlandırmak

(Gıda) olgunlaşma

yaşlanmak

(Ticaret) sıraya koymak

yıpranma

(Gıda) eti dinlendirmek

{f} yaşlandır

Japonya nüfusunun yaşlanmasına karşı koymaya çalışıyor. - Japan is trying to cope with the aging of its population.

Fiziksel değişiklikler doğrudan yaşlanmayla ilgilidir. - Physical changes are directly related to aging.

{f} yaşlandir

yıllanma/yaşlanma

{i} ihtiyarlama

yaşlan

Fiziksel değişiklikler doğrudan yaşlanmayla ilgilidir. - Physical changes are directly related to aging.

Bu ülkenin yaşlanan bir nüfusu var. - This country has an aging population.

kocayan

{f} yaşlan: prep.yaşlanarak

(Mimarlık) (US) yaşlanma

ihtiyarlayan

yaşlanma hali veya belirtileri

Senin yaşında bir oğlu var. - He has a son of your age.

Bilim yaş ile otomatik olarak gelmez. - Wisdom does not automatically come with age.

age

çağ

Biz genellikle, bizimkinin aslında trajik bir çağ olduğunun söylenildiğini duyuyoruz. - We often hear it said that ours is essentially a tragic age.

Biz atom çağında yaşıyoruz. - We live in the atomic age.

(Tıp) yaşlanma

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) yerinde yaşlanma

aging out

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) uslanma

aging receivables

(Ticaret) alacakların sıralanması

aging report

(Ticaret) yaşlandırma raporu

{i} devir

(Askeri) hava-uzay yer teçhizatı (aerospace ground equipment)

age

senelerce

Senelerce Tom'u görmedim. - I haven't seen Tom in ages.

Bestenin bu bölümünün biraz gerçek beceriye ihtiyacı var.Bunun piyanoda nasıl çalınacağını öğrenmek uzun zamanımı aldı. - This part of the tune needs some real skill. It took me ages to learn how to play it on the piano.

Eğer İskoçya'dan gelmiyorsa ve en az on iki yıl eskitilmediyse o zaman o, viski değildir. - If it's not from Scotland and it hasn't been aged at least twelve years, then it isn't whisky.

age

(Askeri) dönem

Nükleer enerjinin dönemi henüz bitmedi. - The age of nuclear power is not yet over.

Tüm dünya bir sahnedir, insanlar da yalnızca birer oyuncu. Sahneye girer, çıkarlar ve zamanları boyunca yedi dönemden oluşan birçok oyun sergilerler. - All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages.

anti-aging treatment

gençleştirme tedavisi, gençleştirme uygulaması

Henry bu mart ayında rüştünü ispatlayacak. - Henry will come of age this March.

O, geçen yıl yaşlılıktan öldü. - He died last year of old age.

Bir bebek olarak dört ayak üzerinde emekler, sonra iki bacak üstünde yürümeyi öğrenir, sonunda yaşlılıkta bir değneye ihtiyacı olur. - It crawls on all fours as a baby, then learns to walk on two legs, and finally needs a cane in old age.

age

çok uzun zaman

Çok uzun zamandır Tom'dan haber almadık. - We haven't heard from Tom in ages.

Bunu çok uzun zamandır yapmadım. - I haven't done this in ages.

age

(şarap/vb.) yıllanmak

age

{f} yaşlan

İlaç firması yaşlanma sürecini durdurmak için hayat iksirini arıyor. - The pharmaceutical company is looking for the Elixir of Life to stop the ageing process.

Tom biraz yaşlanmadı. - Tom hasn't aged one bit.

Yaşlanmayı geciktirici

artificial aging

(Mühendislik) suni yaşlanma

cheese aging

(Gıda) Çoğu zaman "curing" ve "ripening" ile eş-anlamlı olarak kullanılır. Peynirin dikkatle kontrol edilen bir çevrede tutularak türüne özgü tat ve rayihayı veren mikro organizmaların gelişmesi için bir süre bekletilmesi. Bakınız cheese ripening ve cheese curing

accelerated aging test

(Tekstil) Süratli eskime deneyi

age

eskit

Eğer İskoçya'dan gelmiyorsa ve en az on iki yıl eskitilmediyse o zaman o, viski değildir. - If it's not from Scotland and it hasn't been aged at least twelve years, then it isn't whisky.

age

{i} erginlik

age

{f} yaşlanmak

Yaşlanmaktan kaçamazsın. - You can't run away from age.

Yaşlanmak iyi değildir ama alternatifi daha iyi değildir. - Ageing isn't good, but the alternative is no better.

age

(Tekstil) buharlamak

{f} yıpratmak

dark ages karanlık devirler

age

chronological age kronolojik yaş

age

under age reşit olmamı

{i} asır

{f} yaşlandırmak

{f} kocamak

{i} reşit olma

O reşit olmadan önce öldü. - She died before coming of age.

{i} eskime

{i} yaşlanma

Yaşlanmak iyi değildir ama alternatifi daha iyi değildir. - Ageing isn't good, but the alternative is no better.

İlaç firması yaşlanma sürecini durdurmak için hayat iksirini arıyor. - The pharmaceutical company is looking for the Elixir of Life to stop the ageing process.

ageing

{i} ihtiyarlama

ageing

(Tekstil) buharlama

ageing

yaşlandırma

cell aging

(Biyoloji,Tıp) hücre yaşlanması

interrupted aging

ara verilmiş yaşlanma

interrupted aging

kesintili yaşlanma

ozone aging test chamber

(İnşaat) ozon dayanım test odası

primary aging

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) birincil yaşlanma

progressive aging

ilerleyici yaşlanma

progressive aging

ilerleyen yaşlanma

secondary aging

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) ikincil yaşlanma

sensitivity to aging

eskimeye karşı hassaslık

Englisch - Englisch

Definition von aging im Englisch Englisch wörterbuch

The deliberate act of making something (such as an antique) appear older than it is

Allowing something to become older

The owner asked the clerk to age some big bills that were due.

Present participle of age

The process of becoming older or more mature

Becoming senescent; accumulating damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs with the passage of time

Becoming elderly

The aging artist could no longer steadily hold the brush.

The change in properties of a material with time under given conditions

A change in the properties of certain metal and alloys (such as steel) that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after a hot working heat treatment or cold working operation Typical properties impacted are: hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, ductility, impact value, formability, magnetic properties, etc See also Non-aging

As applies to hams - After curing and salt equalization are completed, hams are hung in an area protected from insects and has good air exchange Temperatures should be 70-90° and humidity at 50- 60% Hams can be aged for 6 months The aging process imparts a flavor due to the enzyme activity in the ham As applies to tenderizing meat - Meat is normally required to age for a period of up to three weeks in order for it to be commercially acceptable for human consumption according to generally accepted standards of tenderness and quality During the aging process, the connective tissues and the meat are generally affected by the natural enzyme or bacteria action of the meat, thereby improving the tenderness and edibility Several methods are employed to reduce the aging period and to increase the degree of tenderness One of these is the regulated application of heat, light, or both of these, to the meat which speeds up the natural enzyme or bacteria action

A term used to describe the holding of meats at a temperature of 34 to 36 degrees F for a period of time to break down the tough connective tissues through the action of enzymes thus increasing tenderness

Irreversible alteration, generally deterioration, of the properties of paper in course of time Aging also causes reduction in brightness and yellowing effect

the decline of the physiological functions which occurs with time, accompanied by a falling probability of survival

(1) (steaming) the curing of screen printed decorations on textiles by application of moist heat to fix the colors into the fibers and to remove the stiffness (hand) induced by normally air dried imprints; (2) the change or changes undergone by a material as a result of the passage of time

The change in properties of a material with time under specific conditions

a change in the properties of certain metals and alloys that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after hot working, heat treatment, or a cold working operation

when applied to foods, such as wine, cheese, or beef, aging is the process of allowing a product time to mature Aging allows beef to become more tender and develop fuller flavour Galloway by Choice beef is traditional dry aged for at least three weeks The beef is then cut, cryovac packaged, and shipped Further ‘wet’ aging occurs during distribution and on site storage prior to preparation

the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age

The separation of invoices, orders, inventory and production lots into time buckets based on due dates, receipt dates, expiration dates, or other factors Used to focus attention on past due and most urgent items

The change of a material with time under defined conditions, leading to either an improvement or deterioration of properties

see age see ageing. becoming old. ageing the process of getting old. Gradual change in an organism that leads to increased risk of weakness, disease, and death. It takes place in a cell, an organ, or the total organism over the entire adult life span of any living thing. There is a decline in biological functions and in ability to adapt to metabolic stress. Changes in organs include the replacement of functional cardiovascular cells with fibrous tissue. Overall effects of aging include reduced immunity, loss of muscle strength, decline in memory and other aspects of cognition, and loss of colour in the hair and elasticity in the skin. In women, the process accelerates after menopause. See also gerontology and geriatrics

The systematic change in frequency with time due to internal changes in the crystal and/or oscillator Aging is often expressed as a maximum value in parts per million per year [ppm/year] The rate of aging is typically greatest during the first 30 to 60 days after which time the aging rate decreases The following factors effect crystal aging: adsorption and desorption of contamination on the surfaces of the quartz, stress relief of the mounting and bonding structures, material outgassing, and seal integrity

The process of, or the results of, exposure of plastics to natural or artificial environmental conditions for a prolonged period of time

{i} maturing; growing older; maturing of financial accounts

growing old

A change in properties of metals and alloys which occurs slowly at room temperature and will proceed rapidly at higher temperatures The change in properties is often, but not always, due to a phase change (precipitation), but never involves a change in chemical composition of the metal or alloy See also Age Hardening See Precipitation Hardening

An increase in the proportion of the population in the older ages May also be measured as an increase in the median age of the population

Changes in properties of rubber occurring with the passage of time Qualification of this term is usually necessary, e g , heat aging, light aging

The physical and/or chemical change of a material with respect to time, under defined environmental conditions, leading to improvement or deterioration of properties

A classification of accounts by the time elapsed since the billing date or due date Aging is divided into schedules or accounting periods, such as 0-30 days, 31-60 days, and so on

acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time

the effect on materials that are exposed to an environment for an interval of time

Changes in physical and mechanical properties that occur when low carbon steel is stored for some time Aging is also accelerated by exposure of steel to elevated temperatures

The systematic change in frequency over time because of internal changes in the oscillator For example, a 100 kHz quartz oscillator may age until its frequency becomes 100 01 kHz (see drift) NOTE: Aging is the frequency change with time when factors external to the oscillator such as environment and power supply are kept constant

The continuous temporal drift in a quartz resonator’s natural frequency due to changes in its chemistry, constituent materials and inadvertent exposure to contaminates during processing Aging is considered the primary end-of -life limit in a quartz controlled frequency source as, at some point in time, the oscillator circuitry can no longer correct the resonator back to its nominal nameplate frequency

The change in the properties of a material over time and under varying conditions of humidity, temperature, pressure, etc

The change in properties or appearance of a material with time and under specific conditions (usually accelerated representations of environmental states, such as high temperature, oxygen or other various conditions or media)

aging schedule

a list of accounts receivable

aging ear

{i} hearing loss caused by age especially of high-pitched sounds

aging of receivables

chronological classification of funds received by a business

aging of wine

storing of wine for improving the taste

aging process

process of growing older, process of wearing out

age

To postpone an action that would extinguish something, as a debt

Money's a little tight right now, let's age our bills for a week or so.

age

The latter part of life; an advanced period of life, eld; seniority; state of being old

Sometimes age just shows up all by itself.

age

A century; the period of one hundred years

age

To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age

He grew fat as he aged.

age

To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to

Grief ages us.

age

To categorize by age

One his first assignments was to age the accounts receivable.

age

Hence, a generation

There are three ages living in her house.

age

The people who live at a particular period

ageing

The process of becoming older or more mature

ageing

Becoming senescent; accumulating damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs with the passage of time

ageing

Present participle of age

age

{n} the life of an animal or other being, a part of life, the latter part of life, the period when a person may act for himself, a generation, a century

Age

Formal use of the word age, indicating the name of a specific era

Age

eild

accelerated aging

A test that simulates the effects of long-term environmental and operating conditions in a relatively short time period

accelerated aging

A means whereby the deterioration of a tape encountered in natural aging may be accelerated and reproduced in the laboratory

accelerated aging

A test that simulates long time environmental conditions in a relatively short time

accelerated aging

Test procedures subjecting materials to environmental conditions in order to predict aging

accelerated aging

Intensive exposure to operating conditions to obtain an early change in physical properties of an elastomer

accelerated aging

Intensive exposure to operating conditions to obtain an early change in physical properties of an elastomer Accelerated life test A method designed to approximate in a short time the deteriorating effects obtained under normal service conditions

accelerated aging

A test that duplicates long time environ mental conditions in a short time

accelerated aging

A test methodology that simulates long term environmental effects

accelerated aging

A test that simulates long-time environmental conditions in a relatively short time

accelerated aging

A test in which voltage, temperature, etc are increased above normal operating values to obtain observable deterioration in a relatively short period of time

accelerated aging

A test in which voltage, temperature, etc , are increased above normal operating values to obtain observable deterioration in a relatively short period of time

age

Your age is the number of years that you have lived. She has a nephew who is just ten years of age At the age of sixteen he qualified for a place at the University of Hamburg I admired him for being so confident at his age

age

You can say an age or ages to mean a very long time. He waited what seemed an age The bus took absolutely ages to arrive. = forever see also aged, ageing, coming of age, dark age, golden age, Ice Age, Iron Age, middle age, Stone Age

age

Player's age on July 1st of that year

age

The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime

age

Age calculated in years at the time of the report of abuse or neglect, or as of December 31 of the reporting year

age

- where appropriate, products are classified according to age group of target market: Babies & Toddlers (0-4), Children (5-12), Teenagers (13-17), Young Adults (18-25), Adults (25-55), Seniors (aged 55+) Some products may be described in promotional materials as being targeted at slightly different age groups to those mentioned - in these cases they will be classified under the closest (most representative) age group

age

The age of a patient is based on age at discharge date A patient does not reach a particular age until his/her actual birth date

age

Mean age of the trees comprising a forest, crop, or stand In forests, the mean age of dominant (and sometimes codominant) trees is taken The plantation age is generally taken from the year the plantation was begun, without adding the age of the nursery stock

age

grow old or older; "She aged gracefully"; "we age every day--what a depressing thought!"; "Young men senesce"

age

{f} grow older, mature

age

how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"

age

When someone ages, or when something ages them, they seem much older and less strong or less alert. He had always looked so young, but he seemed to have aged in the last few months He was only in his mid-thirties, but already worry had aged him

age

(for insurance purposes) - depending on the company, the age of the life insured on his or her last birthday, or on the nearest birthday

age

The age of a thing is the number of years since it was made. Everything in the room looks in keeping with the age of the building

age

An applicant's age at the end of the September before entry to higher education (in years) 4 categories: 20 and under; 21 to 24; 25 to 39; 40 and over 11 categories: 17 and under; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25 to 29; 30 to 39; 40 and over

age

To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he aged

age

An age is a period in history. the age of steam and steel. items of Bronze Age pottery

age

The current age of the offender

age

structure This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over) The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest

age

make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"

age

a late time of life; "old age is not for sissies"; "he's showing his years"; "age hasn't slowed him down at all"; "a beard white with eld"; "on the brink of geezerhood"

age

The period of time that a wine spends maturing to achieve its best flavor and aroma Wines are aged in a variety of ways from large casks (such as oak or stainless steel) to bottles Complex wines tend to benefit from aging, whereas simple wines should be drunk when they are young

age

The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation

age

Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities

age

A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others

age

an era of history having some distinctive feature; "we live in a litigious age"

age

The age of the reference person

age

That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time

age

One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc

age

begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"

age

A long time

It's been a long time since we last saw each other. - It's been ages since we last met.

It's been a long time since we last saw each other. - It's been quite ages since we last met.

age

{i} length of time that a person or organism has been alive; length of time that an object has existed; period, era; generation

age

A client’s age is calculated as the difference in years between June 30th of the relevant collection year and the client’s date of birth If the month of birth is missing, client’s date of birth is defaulted to 30 June of their year of birth for the age calculation

age

Specifies the reported age of the eldest head of household From a machine-based measure perspective, an example would be "a machine belonging to a household where the age of the eldest head of household was between 25 and 34 years old "

age

That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth? The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old

age

a time in life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld"

age

Please Select -- under 5 6-7 8-10 11-13 14-15 16-18 over 18

age

In poker, the right belonging to the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand

age

World cycle, approximately 2,150 years, determined by the relation of the earth, sun and constellations of the zodiac

age

To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us

age

A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles

age

The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old

age

A great period in the history of the Earth

age

Age is the state of being old or the process of becoming older. Perhaps he has grown wiser with age The fabric was showing signs of age

age

The appropriate age category is determined by the respondent's age on the last day of the month before the interview

age

The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion

age

When someone comes of age, they become legally an adult. The company was to be held in trust for Eddie until he came of age

age

a prolonged period of time; "we've known each other for ages"; "I haven't been there for years and years"

age

There are four ages specified on the worksheet, two (one for the Father and one for the Mother) refers to the parente of the prinvipal and two for the parents of the Spouse The ages listed indicate that person's age when the associated child (principal or spouse) was born

age

disapproval If someone tells you to act your age, they are telling you to behave in a way that is suitable for someone your age, because they think you are behaving in a childish way

age

Someone who is under age is not legally old enough to do something, for example to buy an alcoholic drink. Because she was under age, her parents were still responsible for her. under age smoking. age set Augustan Age Bronze Age Copper Age Hellenistic Age ice age glacial age Iron Age Jacobean age Middle Stone Age New Stone Age New Age movement Old Stone Age Silver Age Stone Age

age

The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested

age

If something comes of age, it reaches an important stage of development and is accepted by a large number of people. Recycling is an issue that has come of age in Britain in the last decade

age

A student's age is computed by subtracting year of birth from 2000 Therefore, students born in January 1976 and December 1976 will both be reported as age 24 (2000-1976)

age

make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously

age

Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age

age

(1) Mean age of the trees comprising a forest, crop, or stand In forests, the mean age of dominant (and sometimes codominant) trees is taken The plantation age is generally taken from the year the plantation was begun, without adding the age of the nursery stock (2)Of a tree: the time elapsed since the germination of the seed, or the budding of the sprout or cutting from which the tree developed

age

The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English

age

Age classification is based on the age of the person at his/her last birthday The adult universe(i e , population of marriageable age) is comprised of persons 15 years old and over for March supplement data and for CPS labor force data

age

A rating used to calculate the vulnerability based on the relative amount of time since the discovery of the vulnerability According to experts, the potential for exploiting a vulnerability increases as the age of the vulnerability increases The assumption that people are likely to be aware of the existence of the vulnerability supports this statement The L-3 Network Security researchers assign lower ratings to the age factor of recently discovered vulnerabilities Older vulnerabilities are rated higher

age

how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age" a time in life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast" make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously

age

The age of the CWT fish at the time of the recovery based on the reported Brood Year and Recovery Year

age

Most insurance companies calculate age by using the age you are nearest to Example: Insured is 45 and it is January, and the insured's birthday is in March If the insurance company was calculating age nearest, the insured would be considered age 46 for the purpose of calculating rates

The deliberate act of making something (such as an antique) appear older than it is

ageing

acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time

ageing

{i} process of getting older

ageing

see: An Aging World: 2001 report on ageing populations in pdf format 3 87Mb (190 pages) Report compiled by the US Census Bureau and the National Institute of Aging Excellent resource to download and read offline Note: file size

ageing

Whisky gets its individual character by maturing within the confines of an oak cask Once bottled, the ageing process ends

ageing

Decorative technique used to create the effect of wear-and-tear on a wooden, painted, plastic or other furniture and lighting surfaces

ageing

the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age

ageing

Someone or something that is ageing is becoming older and less healthy or efficient. John lives with his ageing mother Ageing aircraft need more frequent safety inspections

ageing

All wine is aged, from a few weeks to many decades Ageing in barrels is a very slow oxidation, and the barrels can impart flavours to the wine: bottle ageing allows the wines to soften and various components within the wine to harmonize After a certain point all wine will decline in the bottle

ageing

Precipitation from solid solution resulting in a change in properties of an alloy, usually occurring slowly at room temperature (natural ageing) and more rapidly at elevated temperatures (artificial ageing)

ageing

The deterioration of paper properties with time, such as a loss of strength and brightness Can also be accelerated by sunlight and heat

ageing

Ageing is the process of becoming old or becoming worn out. a British spelling of aging

ageing

Decorative technique used to create the effect of wear-and-tear on a wooden, painted, plastic or other surfaces

ageing

UK, present participle of age

ageing

describes the change in, among other things, petroleum products as a result of heat, light, oxygen and contact with metal over a longer period of time Ageing products of, for example, light heating oil combine with water to form sludgy residues, i e oil sludge forms in the tank and can lead to malfunctions as a result of filter blockages

ageing

All wine is aged, from a few weeks to many decades Ageing in barrels is a very slow oxidation, and the barrels can impart flavors to the wine: bottle ageing allows the wines to soften and various components within the wine to harmonize After a certain point all wine will decline in the bottle The difference between oak and stainless steel barrels is evident

anti-aging

{s} delaying the effects of aging, having an effect in decelerating the effects of aging; used to impede the effects of aging, used to reduce the impact of aging

anti-aging

{i} longevity, life extension; increase in average lifespan; antiaging medicine, medical substance designed to treat and retard the aging process; antiaging cream, creat that delays the effects of aging

anti-aging drug

{i} drug used to reduce the impact of aging; drug used to delay aging

premature aging

early aging of the body

primary aging

{i} gradual maturational processes, normal processes of aging, natural changes that take place as we grow older, natural changes that occur with no relation to illness or disease (such as wrinkles, baldness in men, menopause, need for reading glasses, etc.)

secondary aging