çoğulculuk, plüralizm

listen to the pronunciation of çoğulculuk, plüralizm
Türkisch - Englisch
{i} pluralism
The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number
A social system based on mutual respect for each other's cultures among various groups that make up a society, wherein subordinate groups do not have to forsake their lifestyle and traditions but, rather, can express their culture and participate in the larger society free of prejudice
{i} holding of more than one office; principle of communal life; state of being more than one
The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time
There are many kinds of things (points of view, moral codes, ways of knowing)
Mutual respect between the various groups in a society for one another's cultures, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice (See 238)
Multiplicity of racial and ethnic groups which form today's American society
If there is pluralism within a society, it has many different groups and political parties. as the country shifts towards political pluralism. when people of many different races, religions, and political beliefs live together in the same society, or the belief that this can happen successfully. In political science, the view that in liberal democracies power is (or should be) dispersed among a variety of economic and ideological pressure groups and is not (or should not be) held by a single elite or group of elites. Pluralism assumes that diversity is beneficial to society and that the disparate functional or cultural groups of which society is composed including religious groups, trade unions, professional organizations, and ethnic minorities should be autonomous. Pluralism was stressed most vigorously during the early 20th century by a group of English writers that included Frederic W. Maitland and Harold J. Laski; it was defended in the later 20th century by the American scholars Robert Dahl and David B. Truman. In metaphysics, the doctrine opposed to monism. Whereas monists such as Parmenides, Benedict de Spinoza, and G.W.F. Hegel maintain that reality consists of only one ultimate substance, pluralists assert that reality consists of manifold entities of many different types and that the diversity of things is more striking and important than their unity. In A Pluralistic Universe (1909), William James held that it is characteristic of empirically minded thinkers to note the changeability of things, the multiplicity of their being and their relations with one another, and the unfinished character of the world
a process of diversity in which communities maintain an autonomous participation in and development of their traditional culture or special interests
The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government The outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation
in metaphysics, the belief that there is more than one kind of fundamental reality or of fundamental existents Hence, pluralism stands in contrast to monism (one kind of fundamental reality or existent) and dualism (two kinds of fundamental reality or existent) In ethics, the belief that there is more than one kind of fundamental good or supreme ethical value
the view that reality consists of many substances
"the coexistence within the one political community of groups who hold divergent and incompatible views with regard to religious questions Pluralism therefore implies disagreement and dissension within a community" (Definition of the Roman Catholic thinker John Courtney Murray in the 1950s) (Eck 2000, 16)
Belief that reality ultimately includes many different kinds of things Thus, in ethics, the supposition that there are many independent sources of value and, in political life, acceptance of a multiplicity of groups with competing interests Epistemological pluralism is a common feature in postmodernist thought Recommended Reading: Andrew L Blais, On the Plurality of Actual Worlds (Massachusetts, 1997) {at Amazon com}; John Kekes, Pluralism in Philosophy: Changing the Subject (Cornell, 2000) {at Amazon com}; Michael P Lynch, Truth in Context: An Essay on Pluralism and Objectivity (MIT, 1998) {at Amazon com}; Nicholas Rescher, Pluralism: Against the Demand for Consensus (Clarendon, 1995) {at Amazon com}; Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (Basic, 1984) {at Amazon com}; and Philosophy and Pluralism, ed by David Archard (Cambridge, 1996) {at Amazon com} Also see IEP, OCP, P J McGrath, BGHT, ColE, Charles Ess, noesis, and ISM
In a religious sense, the term has two different meanings: The belief that multiple religions or secular world views are all legitimate and valid Each is "true" when viewed from within its own culture
When used in the context of ontology, this view asserts that there are more than two ultimately real kinds of things in the universe
An approach to political science that sees society as a diversity of social interests organized into pressure groups that produce an ordered and fair distribution of collective goods and services by pressuring the state to do what such groups want it to do
holds that there a variety of basic moral principles and values that are not reducible to a single moral theory or principle Pluralists hold that one should make moral decisions by carefully weighing and considering these different moral principles and values in light of the facts and circumstances of a given situation
çoğulculuk, plüralizm
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