cromwell

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Oliver Cromwell, English military leader, politician, and dictator, or his son Richard Cromwell
An English habitational surname from either of several placenames
{i} family name; Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), English general and statesman; Richard Cromwell (1626-1712), English soldier and politician; Thomas Cromwell (c.1485-1540), Earl of Essex, English statesman
English politician who proposed the legislation that established the monarch as head of the established church (1534). Cromwell Oliver Cromwell Richard Cromwell Thomas earl of Essex
Oliver Cromwell English military leader, politician, and dictator, or his son Richard Cromwell
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

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Oliver Cromwell
(1599-1658) English general and statesman (defeated the forces of Charles l in the English civil war)
Oliver Cromwell
an English military and political leader who led the army of Parliament against King Charles I in the English Civil War. After defeating the King, he made a republic (=a country without a king or queen) called "the Commonwealth", and ruled as Lord Protector until his death (1599-1658). born April 25, 1599, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, Eng. died Sept. 3, 1658, London English soldier and statesman, lord protector of the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653-58). He was elected to Parliament in 1628, but Charles I dissolved that Parliament in 1629 and did not call another for 11 years. In 1640 Cromwell was elected to the Short and the Long Parliament. When differences between Charles and Parliament erupted into the English Civil Wars, Cromwell became one of the leading generals on the Parliamentary side, winning many notable victories, including the Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby. He was among those who brought the king to trial and signed his death warrant. After the British Isles were named the Commonwealth, he served as the first chairman of the Council of State. In the next few years he fought against the Royalists in Ireland and Scotland and suppressed a mutiny inspired by the Levelers. When Charles II advanced into England, Cromwell destroyed his army at Worcester (1651), the battle that ended the civil wars. As lord protector, Cromwell raised his country's status once more to that of a leading European power and concluded the Anglo-Dutch War. Though a devout Calvinist, he pursued policies of religious toleration. He refused the title of king offered to him by Parliament in 1657. After his death he was succeeded by his son Richard Cromwell
Richard Cromwell
born Oct. 4, 1626 died July 12, 1712, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, Eng. Lord protector of England (September 1658-May 1659). He was the eldest surviving son of Oliver Cromwell, who groomed him for high office. He served in the Parliamentary army and was a member of Parliament and the council of state. After his father's death he was proclaimed lord protector, but he soon encountered serious difficulties and was forced to abdicate. Having amassed large debts, he fled to Paris in 1660 to escape his creditors; in 1680 he returned and lived in seclusion
Thomas Cromwell
an English politician who became King Henry VIII 's chief adviser, and made laws that gave Henry control of all the churches in England, instead of the Pope. He also organized the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1485-1540)
Thomas earl of Essex Cromwell
born 1485, Putney, near London, Eng. died July 28, 1540, probably London English politician and principal adviser (1532-40) to Henry VIII. He was a confidential adviser to Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey, before entering Parliament (1529), where his abilities attracted the king's notice. Entering Henry's service in 1530, he was chiefly responsible for establishing the Reformation in England, for the dissolution of the monasteries, and for strengthening the royal administration. He eventually came into complete control of the government, though he pretended to be acting on the king's authority. In 1539 he made the mistake of inducing Henry to marry Anne of Cleves, which led to his fall. At his enemies' instigation he was arrested for heresy and treason, condemned without a hearing, and executed
cromwell