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tundra

One of the level or undulating treeless plains characteristic of northern arctic regions in both hemispheres

Treeless arctic or alpine biome characterized by cold, harsh winters, a short growing season, and potential for frost any month of the year; vegetation includes low-growing perennial plants, mosses, and lichens

A type of ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants Tundra is found at high latitudes (arctic tundra) and high altitudes (alpine tundra) Arctic tundra is underlain by permafrost and is usually saturated (See: wetlands )

land of lichens and mosses without trees (too cold)

treeless rolling plain

{i} vast and treeless arctic region (found for example in Siberia, northern Canada, and Lapland)

a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line

High latitude biome dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, a few grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses Productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate

Treeless barrens For a fascinating description of the life of the tundra, see E C Pielou's A Naturalist's Guide to the Arctic Tundra is usually flat or undulating, covered with lichen, sedges and grasses, mosses, and low shrubs (dwarf willows and birches) Characteristic of (a) the Arctic and (b) high-altitude (alpine) regions outside the Arctic

A tundra is a cold, treeless area; it is the coldest biome

A type of Ecosystem or Biome dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants Tundra may be found both at high latitudes (arctic tundra) and high altitudes (alpine tundra) Arctic tundra is underlain by permafrost and is usually saturated, also classifying it also as a Wetlands ADVANCE \x 540

A treeless biome mainly in the north polar areas that has long frigid winters and brief summers and where grasses, mosses, lichen, low shrubs, and a few flowering plants survive

Tundra is one of the large flat areas of land in the north of Europe, Asia, and America. The ground below the top layer of soil is always frozen and no trees grow there. the large flat areas of land in the north of Russia, Canada etc, where it is very cold and there are no trees (tundar). Treeless, level or rolling ground above the taiga in polar regions (Arctic tundra) or on high mountains (alpine tundra), characterized by bare ground and rock or by such vegetation as mosses, lichens, small herbs, and low shrubs. Animal species are limited by harsh environmental conditions. In the Arctic tundra they include lemmings, the Arctic fox, the Arctic wolf, caribou, reindeer, and musk-oxen. In the alpine tundra many animals, including mountain sheep and wildcats, descend to warmer zones during winter. The climate of alpine tundra is more moderate and has a higher amount of rainfall than does Arctic tundra. The freezing climate of the Arctic produces a layer of permanently frozen soil (permafrost). An overlying layer of soil alternates between freezing and thawing with seasonal temperature variations. Alpine tundras have a freeze-thaw layer but no permafrost. Because Arctic tundras receive extremely long periods of daylight and darkness (lasting between one and four months), biological rhythms tend to be adjusted more to variations in temperature than to variations in sunlight. Arctic tundra covers about one-tenth of the earth's surface. Alpine tundras begin above the timberline of spruce and firs. Because of the small number of plant and animal species and the fragility of the food chains in tundra regions, natural or mechanical damage to any element of the habitat affects the whole ecosystem

There are two types of tundra in the world, Arctic and Alpine The arctic tundra is at the top of the world around the North Pole The tops of tall cold mountains are alpine tundra The most distinctive characteristic of the tundra soil is its permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of ground which can be 2000 feet thick (see Permafrost)

Almost treeless plains next to the polar ice All but the top few inches of soil are permanently frozen

An area up north where it is too cold for trees to grow and the ground is frozen

A treeless plain characteristic of the arctic and subarctic regions

A treeless artic plain

The biome that occurs around the Arctic circle, characterized by lichens, mosses, sedges and dwarf trees

The tundras mark the limit of arborescent vegetation; they consist of black mucky soil with a permanently frozen subsoil, but support a dense growth of mosses and lichens, and dwarf herbs and shrubs, often showy-flowered

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